The Edge of Risk Podcast by IRMI

Internal Revenue Service (IRS) scrutiny of captive insurance companies has increased in recent years, but what are regulators and courts actually evaluating? In this episode of The Edge of Risk Podcast by IRMI, Joel Appelbaum is joined by George Belokas, president of GPW and Associates, chair of the Self-Insurance Institute of America Captive Committee, and president of the Arizona Captive Insurance Association, to discuss the insurance fundamentals that support well-managed captive insurance companies. Drawing on his actuarial and industry leadership experience, Mr. Belokas explains why the focus extends beyond tax elections to whether a captive is genuinely operating as...

In this episode of The Edge of Risk Podcast by IRMI, Joel Appelbaum sits down with Carly Pye to talk about how majoring in risk management and insurance (RMI) changed her future. Carly shares the internships, networking opportunities, and real-world experiences that turned a college program into a career path she genuinely is excited about.

Carly and Joel talk candidly about how, originally, she did not think a career in insurance was for her, but the opportunities her RMI major has given her made Carly fully buy into the insurance industry.

Joel and Carly's conversation...

When should an organization seriously consider forming a captive insurance company—and when is it better to wait? In this Captive Insurance 101 episode of The Edge of Risk Podcast by IRMI, Joel Appelbaum speaks with T.J. Scherer, vice president at Spring Consulting Group, about the practical questions organizations should ask before pursuing a captive. The discussion explains what typically prompts companies to explore alternative risk financing, how to distinguish common misconceptions from legitimate opportunities, and why the decision extends far beyond premium size alone.

T.J. also walks through the key elements of a captive feasibility ev...

Agriculture is increasingly affected by forces far beyond the farm gate—from commodity markets and interest rates to global economic uncertainty. In this 13-minute episode of The Edge of Risk Podcast by IRMI, Scott Shellady, better known as "The Cow Guy," shares his unique perspective on the trends shaping agriculture and risk today. Scott also offers a preview of his keynote address at the IRMI Emmett J Vaughan Agribusiness Conference, set for August 31–September 2 in Nashville, where he'll discuss navigating uncertainty and finding opportunity in a rapidly changing agricultural economy.

The Edge of Risk Podcast by IRMI welcomes Hank Dutton, senior technical specialist at Travelers Insurance and certified lift director, in a highly informative discussion on cranes and rigging exposures. Hank highlights important areas of focus, such as roles that should be clarified within rental agreements and where projects get tripped up regarding ground conditions. As an "encore" to Hank's popular session presented at the 2025 IRMI Construction Risk Conference, this talk also provides solutions to avoid unexpected exposures regarding cranes and rigging at a construction site.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly changing how captive insurance companies and risk retention groups operate, but where does it create the greatest value, and where should human expertise remain firmly in control?

In this episode of The Edge of Risk Podcast by IRMI, Joel Appelbaum is joined by Julie Bordo, president and CEO of PCH Mutual Insurance Company, a Vermont-domiciled healthcare risk retention group serving assisted living and personal care homes across the United States. Julie explains how her organization has used AI to improve claims administration, underwriting workflows, legal operations, and member services while maintaining strong...

Self-procurement tax is an often overlooked aspect of captive insurance that can create significant compliance and financial implications if not properly addressed. In this episode of The Edge of Risk Podcast by IRMI, host Joel Appelbaum is joined by Allan Autry, CPA and partner at Johnson Lambert, to explore when self-procurement tax applies, why it exists, and how it affects organizations using captive insurance companies. Allan explains the distinction between premium tax and self-procurement tax, discusses the impact of the Nonadmitted and Reinsurance Reform Act, and outlines how an insured's home state is determined for tax purposes.

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Insurers use risk engineers to help customers identify and mitigate risks by assessing their operations and making recommendations for improvements. The Edge of Risk Podcast by IRMI features Peter Ukstins, head of construction risk engineering at AXA XL, in a talk that was originally presented as a snap talk at the 2025 IRMI Construction Risk Conference. Listen in to Peter's insight on how face-to-face interactions with customers throughout the lifecycle of a project allow risk engineers to gain a deeper understanding of their operations and provide more customized solutions.

In this episode of The Edge of Risk Podcast by IRMI, Joel Appelbaum speaks with Cherie Baker, vice president of enterprise risk management at Ilitch Companies, about how captive insurance can serve as a strategic tool for managing risk, deploying capital, and supporting business growth. Ms. Baker shares her career journey through brokerage, healthcare, automotive, and enterprise risk management, and explains how Tenda, the organization's captive insurer, has evolved from its original employee benefits focus into a broader risk financing vehicle supporting multiple lines of coverage.

The conversation explores how Tenda utilizes both the Michigan and Cayman...

Farmers and ranchers are challenged by complex forms needed to apply for critical federal programs, among other things. In this 20-minute episode of The Edge of Risk Podcast by IRMI, ZForm's Lara Goldmark, founder and CEO, and Laura Napoli, cofounder and head of marketing and partnerships, discuss US Department of Agriculture (USDA) and government-required farm program forms, especially those that determine program eligibility and enrollment and in which a small error can delay or restart the entire process. Many federally reinsured crop insurance policies require accurate and timely USDA filings to remain eligible—learn ways to minimize your risk.

In this episode of The Edge of Risk Podcast by IRMI, host Joel Appelbaum speaks with Donny Tong, senior vice president at Truist Bank, about the role of reinsurance trusts—also referred to as "collateral" trusts—in captive insurance programs. The discussion explores how these trust structures function as collateral mechanisms between captives, fronting insurers, and reinsurers, including the operational mechanics behind trust agreements, eligible assets, withdrawal rights, and trustee responsibilities. Mr. Tong explains why many fronting insurers increasingly favor trust arrangements over letters of credit due to their operational simplicity, streamlined administration, and ability to provide ongoing visibility into...

As climate change drives more severe and unpredictable weather, construction projects face costly delays and other risks. This month, The Edge of Risk Podcast by IRMI is pleased to feature Rose Hall, founder and CEO at RH Business Ventures, LLC. Listen in as Ms. Hall discusses how the application of noncatastrophic parametric weather insurance can be utilized to help contractors and project owners manage climate-related risks that do not trigger other policies. This talk was originally presented as a snap talk at the 2025 IRMI Construction Risk Conference.

Recorded live at the Captive Insurance Companies Association 2026 International Conference, this episode of The Edge of Risk Podcast by IRMI features Kristen Lawler discussing one of the most closely watched captive insurance tax decisions in recent years: the 2025 CFM Insurance Tax Court memorandum opinion. Drawing from her recent article in IRMI's publication Captive Insurance Company Reports, Ms. Lawler explains how the case highlights the growing importance of operational discipline, governance, documentation, pricing support, and claims handling in determining whether a captive arrangement qualifies as insurance for federal tax purposes.

The discussion explores the "commonly accepted notions" prong...

Recorded live at the Captive Insurance Companies Association 2026 International Conference, this episode of The Edge of Risk Podcast by IRMI explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is moving beyond industry hype and into practical application within captive insurance programs. Joel Appelbaum is joined by Steven Bauman of AXA XL to examine where AI is already delivering measurable value—from underwriting support and claims analytics to operational efficiency and reporting enhancements—while also addressing the critical importance of data readiness and governance.

The discussion also expands into emerging risks, including the distinction between autonomous vehicles and broader autonomous mobility syst...

This episode of The Edge of Risk Podcast by IRMI explores the fast-moving world of maritime war risk insurance, from the Strait of Hormuz to market capacity, cancellation, and coverage gaps across hull, liability, and cargo. Featuring Steven Weiss, president and chief underwriting officer of Incarnation Specialty Underwriters, the conversation delivers critical insights for insurance professionals dealing with global transportation and geopolitical risk.

Recorded live at the Captive Insurance Companies Association Conference, this episode of The Edge of Risk Podcast by IRMI features Victoria Fimea, chief captive analyst with the Arizona Department of Insurance and Financial Institutions. Ms. Fimea discusses the continued growth of Arizona's captive insurance program, emphasizing the state's measured, quality-driven approach and its collaborative ecosystem of regulators and service providers.

The conversation explores trends in captive formation, including the rise of first-time owners and evolving use cases as captives become more integrated into broader enterprise strategy. Ms. Fimea also outlines what regulators look for in strong business...

Recorded live at the Captive Insurance Companies Association Conference, this episode of The Edge of Risk Podcast by IRMI features Stephen Taylor, director of the Bureau of Captive and Financial Insurance Products at the Delaware Department of Insurance. Mr. Taylor discusses Delaware's regulatory philosophy, highlighting a balance of flexibility, efficiency, and innovation supported by a collaborative and responsive oversight framework designed to meet evolving business needs.

The conversation explores how regulators distinguish between thoughtful and reactive captive evolution, with a focus on governance, capital adequacy, and alignment with enterprise risk strategy. Mr. Taylor outlines key regulatory priorities...

When the pressure's on, will you make the right call? In this 16-minute episode of The Edge of Risk Podcast by IRMI, Elise Farnham previews her IRMI Emmett J Vaughan Agribusiness Conference (AgriCon) ethics sessions and shares why moral courage isn't optional—it's essential. You'll want to hear what Ms. Farnham, president of Illumine Consulting, will present in her three-part "Ethical Decision-Making" series and make plans to attend this year's IRMI AgriCon, scheduled for August 31–September 2, in Nashville, Tennessee.

Recorded live at the Captive Insurance Companies Association Conference, this episode of The Edge of Risk Podcast by IRMI features Christine Brown, deputy commissioner of the Captive Insurance Division at the Vermont Department of Financial Regulation. Ms. Brown shares her perspective on regulating within one of the most established captive domiciles globally, emphasizing Vermont's long-standing focus on solvency, transparency, and maintaining the integrity of the captive insurance industry.

The discussion explores how regulators evaluate expansion into new lines of coverage, the importance of early communication with regulators, and the critical role of governance in captive success Ms...

Recorded live at the 2025 IRMI Construction Risk Conference (CRC) in Indianapolis, this 17-minute episode of The Edge of Risk Podcast by IRMI features a Snap Talk with David Tibbetts, chief safety officer at Highwire. Mr. Tibbetts discusses why tracking events with the potential to result in a serious injury or fatality (SIF) provides better insight into safety performance than traditional metrics, such as total recordable incident rate (TRIR). Listen in to learn more about the importance of safety culture and identifying the highest-risk work on construction sites.

In this 11‑minute episode of The Edge of Risk Podcast by IRMI, American Farm Bureau Federation economist Faith Parum breaks down the pressures shaping the 2026 farm economy—from soaring input costs to shifting global trade policies. Listen as Dr. Parum explores how tariff and nontariff barriers are reshaping market access, what declining US soybean demand from China means for row‑crop profitability, and where producers face the greatest financial exposure.

In this episode of The Edge of Risk Podcast by IRMI, Joel Appelbaum speaks with Dustin Carlson, president of the 831(b) Institute, about maintaining the credibility and long-term viability of Section 831(b) micro-captives. The discussion centers on Mr. Carlson's three-part series in Captive Insurance Company Reports outlining proposed reforms aimed at addressing practices that have drawn regulatory scrutiny while preserving legitimate captive insurance programs.

Mr. Carlson explains how the Section 831(b) election allows small insurance companies to exclude underwriting income up to the statutory premium threshold while remaining taxable on investment gains. He outlines concerns around structures...

In this episode of The Edge of Risk Podcast by IRMI, Joel Appelbaum welcomes Ian Davis, president of the Vermont Captive Insurance Association (VCIA), for a detailed discussion on how captive insurance advocacy works in practice. Building on a prior conversation about Vermont's legislative framework, this episode focuses on VCIA's state and federal engagement efforts—including Vermont Legislative Day and Hill Day in Washington, DC—and what captive owners, managers, and service providers should be tracking in today's regulatory environment.

Mr. Davis explains how VCIA sets advocacy priorities, collaborates with regulators, and proactively engages policymakers on issues such...

In this episode of The Edge of Risk Podcast by IRMI, host Joel Appelbaum sits down with Michael Kolodner, Marsh's US energy and power leader, to unpack how geopolitical shifts, market volatility, and evolving incentives are reshaping energy investment priorities. Together, they explore why cross-industry collaboration is becoming essential for building operational resilience in a rapidly changing risk landscape. They also highlight the risks of hyperspecialization and share practical insights leaders need to navigate today's turbulent energy landscape, driven by generative artificial intelligence growth.

This podcast is a snapshot of the insights you'll find at an IRMI Energy Risk & Insurance Conference—where sponsors like Marsh, attendees, and industry thought leaders come together to tackle the latest challenges. Host Joel Appelbaum and Scott Smidlein, managing director and senior client executive at Marsh, break down the 2026 energy insurance outlook in this episode of The Edge of Risk Podcast by IRMI, recorded at the 2026 Marsh Risk North American Energy Industry Conference. They examine artificial intelligence and data center-driven power demand, policy signals from Washington, and the strain of aging assets running at full tilt.

Are traditional insurance models keeping pace with innovation? In this episode of The Edge of Risk Podcast by IRMI, host Joel Appelbaum speaks with Bill Kost, senior vice president, energy, power, and renewables risk consulting leader at Marsh, about how the insurance industry is adapting to rapid energy innovation. From emerging technologies like battery storage to the growing role of captives, they explore where traditional approaches fall short—and how risk strategies are evolving to meet a changing energy mix.

Recorded live at the 2025 IRMI Construction Risk Conference (CRC) in Indianapolis, this 7.5-minute episode of The Edge of Risk Podcast by IRMI features a Snap Talk with Rachel Dobbs, client executive at Hylant. Ms. Dobbs describes how construction materials affect property insurance costs during and after construction and how they vary across different regions of the United States. Listen in for a technical breakdown utilizing data from a recent study comparing these costs.

In this 30‑minute episode of The Edge of Risk Podcast by IRMI, Scott Cornell, vice president of transportation risk and strategy and crime and theft specialist at LogistIQ Insurance Solutions, pulls back the curtain on the growing sophistication of agricultural cargo theft. Mr. Cornell explains how criminals are leveraging technology and organized networks and what these evolving tactics mean for risk managers, insurers, and the agricultural supply chain.

The One Big Beautiful Bill Act has had an immediate impact within the renewable energy space. Katie Burke, vice president, US Specialty Energy and Power growth leader at Marsh Specialty Energy and Power, shares key insights into the most important components of the Act, including the sunsetting of critical tax credits and the challenges of financing projects and accelerated timelines considering such repeals. With energy needs at an all-time high, renewable energy providers must use long-term, not short-term, strategies for the longevity of the industry.

Casualty claims are growing more complex—and risk professionals need practical strategies to stay ahead. In this episode of The Edge of Risk Podcast, we're joined by Rachael Chen, Senior Vice President in Marsh’s U.S. Casualty Energy Practice, and Phil Educate, Senior Vice President in Marsh’s Claims Practice. Together, they’ll explore the factors that lead to complex claims, the shift in jury dynamics, and proactive tactics to manage troublesome claims and achieve better outcomes.

In this episode of The Edge of Risk podcast by IRMI, host Joel Appelbaum speaks with Jim DeVoe-Talluto, assistant director of captive insurance at the Vermont Department of Financial Regulation, about what organizations need to know when applying to form a captive insurance company. Drawing on more than 2 decades of regulatory experience, Mr. DeVoe-Talluto outlines the steps applicants should expect, the most common barriers to approval, and the importance of a strong feasibility study and experienced advisers. Mr. DeVoe-Talluto also discusses Vermont's regulatory philosophy and why early planning, clarity of purpose, and strong executive buy-in significantly improve the chance...

Steve McElhiney, partner, Captives and Alternative Risk Transfer Solutions, Augment Risk, divulges both the rising popularity, as well as some of the misconceptions, of the use of captive insurance in agriculture, in this 26-minute episode of The Edge of Risk Podcast by IRMI.

Hear Mr. McElhiney's thoughts on how parametric insurance and captive insurance can go hand in hand.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has become an increasingly important topic across insurance, but its implications for captive insurance and actuarial work are still taking shape. In this episode of The Edge of Risk podcast by IRMI, Steven Abel and Jason Abril of Oliver Wyman share an actuarial and technology-driven perspective on how AI is influencing insurance analytics, data governance, and risk decision-making. The discussion explores how machine learning has long been part of actuarial toolkits, while newer AI technologies are accelerating workflow automation, data enrichment, and analytical insight generation.

The conversation also examines how captives differ from commercial...

Natural disasters and weather-related events continue to dominate headlines, with their frequency and severity increasing year over year. The Edge of Risk Podcast by IRMI welcomes Angela Skow, vice president and head of Large and Complex Construction at CNA, to discuss how the construction industry strengthens communities after natural disasters. In this 16-and-a-half-minute episode, Ms. Skow identifies short- and long-term challenges the construction industry faces with weather-related events, such as labor and environmental considerations, and highlights the importance of integrating climate-adaptive materials with efficient designs to reduce future risk exposures. Listen in and learn more as she stresses the...

Elise Farnham, president of Illumine Consulting, explains hedging in agriculture. In this 14-minute episode of The Edge of Risk Podcast by IRMI, the daughter of a Kansas wheat farmer provides real-life examples of how farmers hedge commodities as part of their overall risk management strategy.

Consider this a teaser for what will be an enormously insightful session at the 2026 IRMI Emmett J Vaughan Agribusiness Conference. Click here to be notified when Conference registration opens and be eligible for the Early Bird discount.

The Edge of Risk Podcast by IRMI welcomes Theresa Guertin, partner at Saxe Doernberger & Vita, who was a speaker at the 2025 IRMI Construction Risk Conference in Indianapolis. Listen in for an informative discussion on coverage claims, contracts, and litigation strategy. In this 17-minute podcast episode, Ms. Guertin highlights excellent examples of policy language trends, sleeper risks, and red flags in construction insurance. She also shares her expert opinion on case law that may have a ripple effect on coverage litigation and provides highly applicable examples of best practices for construction risk transfer processes.

Letters of credit remain the most widely used form of collateral in captive insurance programs, valued for their reliability, simplicity, and universal acceptance by fronting insurers and regulators. In this episode of The Edge of Risk Podcast by IRMI, host Joel Appelbaum speaks with Marty Ellis of Comerica Bank about how letters of credit function behind the scenes, from application through draw procedures, and why features such as evergreen clauses and irrevocability are central to maintaining confidence on all sides of a captive program. The discussion also examines how letters of credit compare with trust accounts and cash collateral...

In this episode of The Edge of Risk Podcast by IRMI, host Joel Appelbaum speaks with Austin Griffith, senior vice president at Risk Management Advisors, for an in-depth discussion on captive insurance domicile selection. Mr. Griffith outlines the core considerations that shape domicile strategy, including where risks are located, the types of policies being written, premium tax implications, regulatory environments, and the logistical realities of board meetings and travel. He also emphasizes the operational importance of domicile service levels, especially when captives need timely responses to dividend requests or coverage changes.

Mr. Griffith further examines the growing...

In this episode of The Edge of Risk Podcast by IRMI, Joel Appelbaum speaks with Derek Freihaut, principal and consulting actuary at Pinnacle Actuarial Resources, for a detailed discussion on how captive insurance companies evaluate risk transfer and risk distribution. Drawing on Pinnacle's published research—including its case study on expected adverse deviation (EAD)—Mr. Freihaut explains how actuaries use objective tools to measure distribution, identify downside exposure, and document insurance characterization for regulatory and tax purposes. The conversation also explores the role of expected reinsurer deficit (ERD) in risk transfer testing, the impact of quota share versus excess-of-loss rein...

Recorded live at the 2025 IRMI Emmett J Vaughan Agribusiness Conference (AgriCon) Central in Des Moines, this 9-minute episode of The Edge of Risk podcast by IRMI features a Snap Talk with Marnye Langer, president and CEO of The Langer Group. Ms. Langer gives us a sneak preview of what's in store for you at the 2026 AgriCon, August 31–September 2, in Nashville, Tennessee. Horse insurance is becoming increasingly complicated. Luckily, we have experts like Ms. Langer to keep us informed about changes.