MIT OpenCourseWare: Free Courses from the institute
A free and open online publication of educational material from thousands of MIT courses, covering the entire MIT curriculum, ranging from introductory to the most advanced graduate courses. On the OCW website, each course includes a syllabus, instructional material like notes and reading lists, and learning activities like assignments and solutions. Some courses also have videos, online textbooks, and faculty insights on teaching.Knowledge is your reward. There's no signup or enrollment, and no start or end dates. OCW is self-paced learning at its best. Whether you’re a student, a teacher, or simply a curious person that wants to le...
The Future of MIT Open Education
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22. Glucogenesis/Carbohydrate Storage/TCA Cycle I
MIT 7.05 General Biochemistry, Spring 2020
Instructor: Matthew Vander Heiden
View the complete course: https://ocw.mit.edu/7-05S20
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After a quick review of the regulation of glycolysis, Professor Vander Heiden discusses glycogen metabolism, fructose and galactose metabolism, and introduces the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) cycle.
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14. P and NP, SAT, Poly-Time Reducibility
MIT 18.404J Theory of Computation, Fall 2020
Instructor: Michael Sipser
View the complete course: https://ocw.mit.edu/18-404JF20
YouTube Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP60_JNv2MmK3wkOt9syvfQWY
NOTE: There is no video for Lecture 13 as that was the day for the Midterm Exam.
Quickly reviewed last lecture. Defined NTIME(t(n)) complexity classes and the class NP. Showed that COMPOSITES is in NP. Discussed the P versus NP question. Proved that acceptance problem for CFG is in P. Introduced the satisfiability problem SAT and polynomial-time...
Will AI negate the need for science photography?
Science Photographer Felice Frankel discusses the rapid improvements in generative AI and provides a reality check on just how much it can do in the field of scientific research.
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AI and Science Photography: https://youtu.be/0I8S6diyDjw?si=IOC2KV9CQDhl_ZgW
View more from Felice Frankel on OCW: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/res-10-001-making-science-and-engineering-pictures-a-practical-guide-to-presenting-your-work-spring-2026/
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26. Oxidative Phosphorylation/Photosynthesis I
MIT 7.05 General Biochemistry, Spring 2020
Instructor: Matthew Vander Heiden
View the complete course: https://ocw.mit.edu/7-05S20
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Professor Vander Heiden continues the discussion of topics related to oxidative phosphorylation including redox shuttles, ATP accounting, and NADPH/glutathione, and then finishes with an overview of photosynthesis.
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Pool Testing Video 5 (No Audio)
MIT 2.00AJ Exploring Sea, Space, and Earth: Fundamentals of Engineering Design, Spring 2009
View the complete course: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/2-00aj-exploring-sea-space-earth-fundamentals-of-engineering-design-spring-2009/
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Pool testing at the Z-Center
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Lecture 1 Part 2: Derivatives as Linear Operators
MIT 18.S096 Matrix Calculus For Machine Learning And Beyond, IAP 2023
Instructors: Alan Edelman, Steven G. Johnson
View the complete course: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/18-s096-matrix-calculus-for-machine-learning-and-beyond-january-iap-2023/
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Description: The key to generalizing derivatives is to realize that they are linear operators, relating small changes in a functions input to small changes in the output.Â
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23. TCA Cycle II
MIT 7.05 General Biochemistry, Spring 2020
Instructor: Matthew Vander Heiden
View the complete course: https://ocw.mit.edu/7-05S20
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Professor Vander Heiden dives deeper into the discussion of the TCA cycle and related topics including pyruvate oxidation, TCA cycle reactions, the output of the TCA cycle, anaplerosis, the glyoxylate cycle, and TCA cycle regulation.
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User-Developed Innovations in the Substance Use Disorder Space
MIT RES.SUD-01, Substance Use Disorders Venture Program, Spring 2025
Instructors: Eric von Hippel, Hanna Adeyema
View the complete course: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/res-sud-01-substance-use-disorder-ventures-program-spring-2025/
YouTube Playlist :https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP60O8-oSngUwSGC1J2EhNKsa
Prof. Eric von Hippel examines 'user innovators'—individuals with lived experience of substance use disorders—and the creative solutions they're developing to address real gaps in addiction recovery and support.
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30. Nitrogen/Amino Acid Metabolism I
MIT 7.05 General Biochemistry, Spring 2020
Instructor: Matthew Vander Heiden
View the complete course: https://ocw.mit.edu/7-05S20
YouTube Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP62wNcIMfinU64CAfreShjpt
Professor Vander Heiden introduces nitrogen metabolism, describes the role of glutamate, discusses the transamination reactions and PLP, and goes through the urea cycle.
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3. Regular Pumping Lemma, Conversion of FA to Regular Expressions
MIT 18.404J Theory of Computation, Fall 2020
Instructor: Michael Sipser
View the complete course: https://ocw.mit.edu/18-404JF20
YouTube Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP60_JNv2MmK3wkOt9syvfQWY
Quickly reviewed last lecture. Showed conversion of DFAs to regular expressions. Gave a method for proving languages not regular by using the pumping lemma and closure properties. Introduced context free grammars (CFGs).
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Perspective on What It Takes to Be Successful as an Entrepreneur
MIT RES.SUD-01 Substance Use Disorders Ventures Program, Spring 2025
Instructor: Bill Aulet
View the complete course: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/res-sud-01-substance-use-disorder-ventures-program-spring-2025/
YouTube Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP60O8-oSngUwSGC1J2EhNKsa
In this video, entrepreneur and MIT Professor, Bill Aulet explores disciplined entrepreneurship and how to build sustainable companies that solve real-world problems. He draws on 15 years of MIT's successful educational program and features real success stories like BioBot Analytics.
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29. Lipid Synthesis
MIT 7.05 General Biochemistry, Spring 2020
Instructor: Matthew Vander Heiden
View the complete course: https://ocw.mit.edu/7-05S20
YouTube Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP62wNcIMfinU64CAfreShjpt
In this session, Professor Vander Heiden describes fatty acid synthesis, fatty acid desaturation, the role of citrate, the regulation of fatty acid synthesis, lipid synthesis, cholesterol/statins, and ketone bodies.
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Invistics Case Study: Drug Diversion
MIT RES.SUD-01, Substance Use Disorders Venture Program, Spring 2025
Instructors: Tom Knight, Erdin Beshimov
View the complete course: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/res-sud-01-substance-use-disorder-ventures-program-spring-2025/
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Tom Knight discusses Invistics Corporation, his former company that built cutting-edge software to detect and prevent drug diversion in healthcare systems.
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Lecture 8 Part 2: Automatic Differentiation on Computational Graphs
MIT 18.S096 Matrix Calculus For Machine Learning And Beyond, IAP 2023
Instructors: Alan Edelman, Steven G. Johnson
View the complete course: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/18-s096-matrix-calculus-for-machine-learning-and-beyond-january-iap-2023/
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Description: Complicated computational processes can be expressed as “graphs” of computational steps that flow from inputs to outputs. Forward/reverse-mode automatic differentiation (AD) traverse in opposite directions, giving very different algorithms.
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21. Glycolysis II/Regulation
MIT 7.05 General Biochemistry, Spring 2020
Instructor: Matthew Vander Heiden
View the complete course: https://ocw.mit.edu/7-05S20
YouTube Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP62wNcIMfinU64CAfreShjpt
After recapping the steps of glycolysis, Professor Vander Heiden explores glycolysis further by evaluating the types and chemistry of the reactions and the regulation of the enzyme kinetics.
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19. Introduction Metabolism/Polysaccharides/Bioenergetics/Intro Pathways
MIT 7.05 General Biochemistry, Spring 2020
Instructor: Matthew Vander Heiden
View the complete course: https://ocw.mit.edu/7-05S20
YouTube Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP62wNcIMfinU64CAfreShjpt
Post shifting to remote learning during March 2020, Professor Vander Heiden continued to teach in the same classroom but with no students in the room. Here, he discusses metabolism, reducing sugars, polysaccharides, and bioenergetics.
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9. Reducibility
MIT 18.404J Theory of Computation, Fall 2020
Instructor: Michael Sipser
View the complete course: https://ocw.mit.edu/18-404JF20
YouTube Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP60_JNv2MmK3wkOt9syvfQWY
Quickly reviewed last lecture. Discussed the reducibility method to prove undecidability and T-unrecognizability. Defined mapping reducibility as a type of reducibility. Showed that emptiness problem for TMs is undecidable and T-unrecognizable.
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Could surveillance pricing work in consumers' favor?
Economist Jon Gruber makes the case that surveillance pricing could be used for good, with the right form of government regulation, and why it all boils down to efficiency vs equity.
(Surveillance camera image used under CC Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license)
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27. Photosynthesis II/CO2 Assimilation
MIT 7.05 General Biochemistry, Spring 2020
Instructor: Matthew Vander Heiden
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Professor Vander Heiden discusses light reactions versus dark reactions of photosynthesis or carbon assimilation. He goes over the dark reactions of the Calvin cycle with a discussion of RuBisCO and regeneration.
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The Blues-Print for Innovation
MIT 15.393 Nuts and Bolts of New Ventures, IAP 2025
Instructor: Bob Jones
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Breakthrough innovation requires you to work within a shared structure without losing the ability to improvise. The same is true in a great blues jam. In this talk filmed in 2026, Bob Jones plays his electric guitar and forges memorable connections to the Three Pillars of Innovation.
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Lecture 7 Part 1: Derivatives of Random Functions
MIT 18.S096 Matrix Calculus For Machine Learning And Beyond, IAP 2023
Instructors: Alan Edelman, Steven G. Johnson
View the complete course: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/18-s096-matrix-calculus-for-machine-learning-and-beyond-january-iap-2023/
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Description: Even if a function f is stochastic (has random numbers in it), we can still define a derivative “on average” (whose expectation value is the derivative of the expectation value of f). For example, for stochastic gradient descent in machine learning.
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24. Lipids and Fatty Acid Oxidation
MIT 7.05 General Biochemistry, Spring 2020
Instructor: Matthew Vander Heiden
View the complete course: https://ocw.mit.edu/7-05S20
YouTube Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP62wNcIMfinU64CAfreShjpt
In this session, Professor Vander Heiden moves on to talking about fatty acids, triglycerides and lipids, the carnitine shuttle, fatty acid oxidation, accounting glucose versus fatty acids, and standard reduction potentials.
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MIT Photographer explains one thing AI can never do
Science photographer Felice Frankel explores the difference between scientific documentation and illustration, using her iconic ferrofluid photograph to show how powerful images can draw people into the science behind them.
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20. Bioenergetics/Intro Pathways/Glycolysis I
MIT 7.05 General Biochemistry, Spring 2020
Instructor: Matthew Vander Heiden
View the complete course: https://ocw.mit.edu/7-05S20
YouTube Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP62wNcIMfinU64CAfreShjpt
Professor Vander Heiden starts this class off with highlights from bioenergetics, then goes through the first of two discussions on glycolysis by walking through each step of the pathway.
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5. CF Pumping Lemma, Turing Machines
MIT 18.404J Theory of Computation, Fall 2020
Instructor: Michael Sipser
View the complete course: https://ocw.mit.edu/18-404JF20
YouTube Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP60_JNv2MmK3wkOt9syvfQWY
Quickly reviewed last lecture. Proved the CFL pumping lemma as a tool for showing that languages are not context free. Defined Turing machines (TMs). Defined TM deciders (halt on all inputs).
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Lecture 4: Smart Contracts as a Solution to a Coordination Problem
MIT 14.129 Blockchain and the Design of Financial Systems, Spring 2025
Instructor: Robert M. Townsend
View the complete course: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/14-129-blockchain-and-the-design-of-financial-systems-spring-2025
YouTube Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP60gb6cVqrZQXQ217r0PwZJg
This lecture covers the commodity space, the policy objective, implementation with privately issued securities, uncoordinated Issues, and market crises.
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12. Carbohydrates/Introduction to Membranes
MIT 7.05 General Biochemistry, Spring 2020
Instructor: Matthew Vander Heiden
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In this pre-COVID-19 pandemic lecture of 2020, Professor Vander Heiden discusses two classes of biomolecules: carbohydrates and lipids including their nomenclature, structures, and properties.
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Lecture 10: Designs of Financial Infrastructure Utilizing Encryption
MIT 14.129 Blockchain and the Design of Financial Systems, Spring 2025
Instructor: Robert M. Townsend
View the complete course: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/14-129-blockchain-and-the-design-of-financial-systems-spring-2025
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This lecture covers auctions, hybrid credit, and insurance.
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Lecture 6 Part 1: Adjoint Differentiation of ODE Solutions
MIT 18.S096 Matrix Calculus For Machine Learning And Beyond, IAP 2023
Instructors: Alan Edelman, Steven G. Johnson
View the complete course: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/18-s096-matrix-calculus-for-machine-learning-and-beyond-january-iap-2023/
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Description: Many systems are modeled by ordinary differential equations (ODEs), and often you want the derivative of the ODE solution with respect to parameters of the equations. An efficient way to do this is often to solve a second “adjoint” ODE.
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20. Asynchronous Distributed Algorithms: Shortest-Paths Spanning Trees
MIT 6.046J Design and Analysis of Algorithms, Spring 2015
View the complete course: http://ocw.mit.edu/6-046JS15
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Instructor: Nancy Ann Lynch
In this lecture, Professor Lynch introduces asynchronous distributed algorithms.
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Lecture 7: Stochastic Financial Networks
MIT 14.129 Blockchain and the Design of Financial Systems, Spring 2025
Instructor: Robert M. Townsend
View the complete course: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/14-129-blockchain-and-the-design-of-financial-systems-spring-2025
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This lecture addresses liquidity and the value of key players versus contagion dynamics.
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Lesson 8 Kanji
MIT RES.21G-506 Kanji Learning Any Time, Any Place: Kanji Video Lectures for Japanese VI, Spring 2021
Instructor: Takako Aikawa
View the complete course: https://ocw.mit.edu/RES-21G-506S21
YouTube Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP61fAaIcu3q0XpVFzLIum9n5
This dual language video covers the Japanese kanji characters in Lesson 8 of the textbook, 'Tobira Gateway to Advanced Japanese Learning Through Content and Multimedia.'
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1. Introduction, Finite Automata, Regular Expressions
MIT 18.404J Theory of Computation, Fall 2020
Instructor: Michael Sipser
View the complete course: https://ocw.mit.edu/18-404JF20
YouTube Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP60_JNv2MmK3wkOt9syvfQWY
Introduction; course outline, mechanics, and expectations. Described finite automata, their formal definition, regular languages, regular operations, and regular expressions. Proved that the class of regular languages is closed under union. Started proving closure under concatenation.
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Lecture 8: Mechanism Design and Incentives vs. Protocols and Notions of Trust
MIT 14.129 Blockchain and the Design of Financial Systems, Spring 2025
Instructor: Robert M. Townsend
View the complete course: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/14-129-blockchain-and-the-design-of-financial-systems-spring-2025
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This lecture covers private information, the incentives to report and take actions, the Byzantine Generals problem, and the differences between economics' and computer science's approaches to algorithms and trust.
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Lesson 6 Kanji
MIT RES.21G-506 Kanji Learning Any Time, Any Place: Kanji Video Lectures for Japanese VI, Spring 2021
Instructor: Takako Aikawa
View the complete course: https://ocw.mit.edu/RES-21G-506S21
YouTube Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP61fAaIcu3q0XpVFzLIum9n5
This dual language video covers the Japanese kanji characters in Lesson 6 of the textbook, 'Tobira Gateway to Advanced Japanese Learning Through Content and Multimedia.'
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Lecture 3: Distributed Ledger as a Solution to an Information Problem
MIT 14.129 Blockchain and the Design of Financial Systems, Spring 2025
Instructor: Robert M. Townsend
View the complete course: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/14-129-blockchain-and-the-design-of-financial-systems-spring-2025
YouTube Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP60gb6cVqrZQXQ217r0PwZJg
This lecture covers fragmented markets, policy objectives, regulatory solutions, distributed ledgers as a technology solution, and statics.
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Lecture 6 Part 2: Calculus of Variations and Gradients of Functionals
MIT 18.S096 Matrix Calculus For Machine Learning And Beyond, IAP 2023
Instructors: Alan Edelman, Steven G. Johnson
View the complete course: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/18-s096-matrix-calculus-for-machine-learning-and-beyond-january-iap-2023/
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Description: A “functional” F[u] takes a function u(x) and returns a number (e.g. by integrating), and since functions are perfectly good normed vector spaces we can define derivatives F′ with respect to functions u! This is called “calculus of variations.”
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Lesson 10 Kanji
MIT RES.21G-506 Kanji Learning Any Time, Any Place: Kanji Video Lectures for Japanese VI, Spring 2021
Instructor: Takako Aikawa
View the complete course: https://ocw.mit.edu/RES-21G-506S21
YouTube Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP61fAaIcu3q0XpVFzLIum9n5
This dual language video covers the Japanese kanji characters in Lesson 10 of the textbook, 'Tobira Gateway to Advanced Japanese Learning Through Content and Multimedia.'
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