St. Bonaventures Life of Our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ

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By: Saint Bonaventure

In St. Bonaventures Life of Our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, the author humbly acknowledges his limitations while passionately inviting readers to engage in one of the most enriching spiritual practices the contemplation of Christs life. He believes that through regular meditation on this divine subject, even those who feel uneducated can develop a deep familiarity, confidence, and love for God, gaining insight into His most profound mysteries. Bonaventure eloquently argues that this practice serves to shield us from the fleeting distractions of the world, steadies us amid trials, and helps cultivate virtue while steering clear of vice. Written in...

086 - Appendix Rhythmical Prayer to the Sacred Members of Jesus hanging upon the Cross By St Bernard
Last Wednesday at 9:00 AM

In St. Bonaventures Life of Our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, the author humbly acknowledges his limitations while passionately inviting readers to engage in one of the most enriching spiritual practices the contemplation of Christs life. He believes that through regular meditation on this divine subject, even those who feel uneducated can develop a deep familiarity, confidence, and love for God, gaining insight into His most profound mysteries. Bonaventure eloquently argues that this practice serves to shield us from the fleeting distractions of the world, steadies us amid trials, and helps cultivate virtue while steering clear of vice. Written in...


085 - Chapter LXXXIV The coming of the Holy Ghost
04/07/2026

In St. Bonaventures Life of Our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, the author humbly acknowledges his limitations while passionately inviting readers to engage in one of the most enriching spiritual practices the contemplation of Christs life. He believes that through regular meditation on this divine subject, even those who feel uneducated can develop a deep familiarity, confidence, and love for God, gaining insight into His most profound mysteries. Bonaventure eloquently argues that this practice serves to shield us from the fleeting distractions of the world, steadies us amid trials, and helps cultivate virtue while steering clear of vice. Written in...


084 - Chapter LXXXIII The glorious ascension of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ
04/06/2026

In St. Bonaventures Life of Our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, the author humbly acknowledges his limitations while passionately inviting readers to engage in one of the most enriching spiritual practices the contemplation of Christs life. He believes that through regular meditation on this divine subject, even those who feel uneducated can develop a deep familiarity, confidence, and love for God, gaining insight into His most profound mysteries. Bonaventure eloquently argues that this practice serves to shield us from the fleeting distractions of the world, steadies us amid trials, and helps cultivate virtue while steering clear of vice. Written in...


083 - Chapter LXXXII Our Lord appears to more than five hundred disciples together some remarks relating t
04/05/2026

In St. Bonaventures Life of Our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, the author humbly acknowledges his limitations while passionately inviting readers to engage in one of the most enriching spiritual practices the contemplation of Christs life. He believes that through regular meditation on this divine subject, even those who feel uneducated can develop a deep familiarity, confidence, and love for God, gaining insight into His most profound mysteries. Bonaventure eloquently argues that this practice serves to shield us from the fleeting distractions of the world, steadies us amid trials, and helps cultivate virtue while steering clear of vice. Written in...


082 - Chapter LXXXI He appears to them again near the sea of Tiberias
04/04/2026

In St. Bonaventures Life of Our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, the author humbly acknowledges his limitations while passionately inviting readers to engage in one of the most enriching spiritual practices the contemplation of Christs life. He believes that through regular meditation on this divine subject, even those who feel uneducated can develop a deep familiarity, confidence, and love for God, gaining insight into His most profound mysteries. Bonaventure eloquently argues that this practice serves to shield us from the fleeting distractions of the world, steadies us amid trials, and helps cultivate virtue while steering clear of vice. Written in...


081 - Chapter LXXX Our Lord appears to his disciples in Galilee
04/03/2026

In St. Bonaventures Life of Our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, the author humbly acknowledges his limitations while passionately inviting readers to engage in one of the most enriching spiritual practices the contemplation of Christs life. He believes that through regular meditation on this divine subject, even those who feel uneducated can develop a deep familiarity, confidence, and love for God, gaining insight into His most profound mysteries. Bonaventure eloquently argues that this practice serves to shield us from the fleeting distractions of the world, steadies us amid trials, and helps cultivate virtue while steering clear of vice. Written in...


080 - Chapter LXXIX Our Lord appears to the disciples on the octave of Easter when St Thomas was with them
04/02/2026

In St. Bonaventures Life of Our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, the author humbly acknowledges his limitations while passionately inviting readers to engage in one of the most enriching spiritual practices the contemplation of Christs life. He believes that through regular meditation on this divine subject, even those who feel uneducated can develop a deep familiarity, confidence, and love for God, gaining insight into His most profound mysteries. Bonaventure eloquently argues that this practice serves to shield us from the fleeting distractions of the world, steadies us amid trials, and helps cultivate virtue while steering clear of vice. Written in...


079 - Chapter LXXVIII Our Lord appears to the disciples who were shut up on the day of the resurrection
04/01/2026

In St. Bonaventures Life of Our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, the author humbly acknowledges his limitations while passionately inviting readers to engage in one of the most enriching spiritual practices the contemplation of Christs life. He believes that through regular meditation on this divine subject, even those who feel uneducated can develop a deep familiarity, confidence, and love for God, gaining insight into His most profound mysteries. Bonaventure eloquently argues that this practice serves to shield us from the fleeting distractions of the world, steadies us amid trials, and helps cultivate virtue while steering clear of vice. Written in...


078 - Chapter LXXVII Christ appears to the two disciples going to Emmaus
03/31/2026

In St. Bonaventures Life of Our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, the author humbly acknowledges his limitations while passionately inviting readers to engage in one of the most enriching spiritual practices the contemplation of Christs life. He believes that through regular meditation on this divine subject, even those who feel uneducated can develop a deep familiarity, confidence, and love for God, gaining insight into His most profound mysteries. Bonaventure eloquently argues that this practice serves to shield us from the fleeting distractions of the world, steadies us amid trials, and helps cultivate virtue while steering clear of vice. Written in...


077 - Chapter LXXVI Christ returns to the holy Fathers after his resurrection
03/30/2026

In St. Bonaventures Life of Our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, the author humbly acknowledges his limitations while passionately inviting readers to engage in one of the most enriching spiritual practices the contemplation of Christs life. He believes that through regular meditation on this divine subject, even those who feel uneducated can develop a deep familiarity, confidence, and love for God, gaining insight into His most profound mysteries. Bonaventure eloquently argues that this practice serves to shield us from the fleeting distractions of the world, steadies us amid trials, and helps cultivate virtue while steering clear of vice. Written in...


076 - Chapter LXXV Our Lord's appearance to Joseph to James the less and to Peter
03/29/2026

In St. Bonaventures Life of Our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, the author humbly acknowledges his limitations while passionately inviting readers to engage in one of the most enriching spiritual practices the contemplation of Christs life. He believes that through regular meditation on this divine subject, even those who feel uneducated can develop a deep familiarity, confidence, and love for God, gaining insight into His most profound mysteries. Bonaventure eloquently argues that this practice serves to shield us from the fleeting distractions of the world, steadies us amid trials, and helps cultivate virtue while steering clear of vice. Written in...


075 - Chapter LXXIV Our Lord's appearance to the holy women
03/28/2026

In St. Bonaventures Life of Our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, the author humbly acknowledges his limitations while passionately inviting readers to engage in one of the most enriching spiritual practices the contemplation of Christs life. He believes that through regular meditation on this divine subject, even those who feel uneducated can develop a deep familiarity, confidence, and love for God, gaining insight into His most profound mysteries. Bonaventure eloquently argues that this practice serves to shield us from the fleeting distractions of the world, steadies us amid trials, and helps cultivate virtue while steering clear of vice. Written in...


074 - Chapter LXXIII The coming of the three Marys to the sepulchre etc
03/27/2026

In St. Bonaventures Life of Our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, the author humbly acknowledges his limitations while passionately inviting readers to engage in one of the most enriching spiritual practices the contemplation of Christs life. He believes that through regular meditation on this divine subject, even those who feel uneducated can develop a deep familiarity, confidence, and love for God, gaining insight into His most profound mysteries. Bonaventure eloquently argues that this practice serves to shield us from the fleeting distractions of the world, steadies us amid trials, and helps cultivate virtue while steering clear of vice. Written in...


073 - Chapter LXXII The glorious resurrection of our Lord Jesus and his appearance first to his mother
03/26/2026

In St. Bonaventures Life of Our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, the author humbly acknowledges his limitations while passionately inviting readers to engage in one of the most enriching spiritual practices the contemplation of Christs life. He believes that through regular meditation on this divine subject, even those who feel uneducated can develop a deep familiarity, confidence, and love for God, gaining insight into His most profound mysteries. Bonaventure eloquently argues that this practice serves to shield us from the fleeting distractions of the world, steadies us amid trials, and helps cultivate virtue while steering clear of vice. Written in...


072 - Chapter LXXI Our Lord Jesus descends into the Limbo of the Fathers
03/25/2026

In St. Bonaventures Life of Our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, the author humbly acknowledges his limitations while passionately inviting readers to engage in one of the most enriching spiritual practices the contemplation of Christs life. He believes that through regular meditation on this divine subject, even those who feel uneducated can develop a deep familiarity, confidence, and love for God, gaining insight into His most profound mysteries. Bonaventure eloquently argues that this practice serves to shield us from the fleeting distractions of the world, steadies us amid trials, and helps cultivate virtue while steering clear of vice. Written in...


071 - Chapter LXX A meditation on our blessed Lady's conversation with her devout companions
03/24/2026

In St. Bonaventures Life of Our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, the author humbly acknowledges his limitations while passionately inviting readers to engage in one of the most enriching spiritual practices the contemplation of Christs life. He believes that through regular meditation on this divine subject, even those who feel uneducated can develop a deep familiarity, confidence, and love for God, gaining insight into His most profound mysteries. Bonaventure eloquently argues that this practice serves to shield us from the fleeting distractions of the world, steadies us amid trials, and helps cultivate virtue while steering clear of vice. Written in...


070 - Chapter LXIX Our blessed Lady's departure from the sepulchre and return to Mount Sion
03/23/2026

In St. Bonaventures Life of Our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, the author humbly acknowledges his limitations while passionately inviting readers to engage in one of the most enriching spiritual practices the contemplation of Christs life. He believes that through regular meditation on this divine subject, even those who feel uneducated can develop a deep familiarity, confidence, and love for God, gaining insight into His most profound mysteries. Bonaventure eloquently argues that this practice serves to shield us from the fleeting distractions of the world, steadies us amid trials, and helps cultivate virtue while steering clear of vice. Written in...


069 - Chapter LXVIII The embalming and burial of our Lord's body
03/22/2026

In St. Bonaventures Life of Our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, the author humbly acknowledges his limitations while passionately inviting readers to engage in one of the most enriching spiritual practices the contemplation of Christs life. He believes that through regular meditation on this divine subject, even those who feel uneducated can develop a deep familiarity, confidence, and love for God, gaining insight into His most profound mysteries. Bonaventure eloquently argues that this practice serves to shield us from the fleeting distractions of the world, steadies us amid trials, and helps cultivate virtue while steering clear of vice. Written in...


068 - Chapter LXVII The descent of our Lord from the cross
03/21/2026

In St. Bonaventures Life of Our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, the author humbly acknowledges his limitations while passionately inviting readers to engage in one of the most enriching spiritual practices the contemplation of Christs life. He believes that through regular meditation on this divine subject, even those who feel uneducated can develop a deep familiarity, confidence, and love for God, gaining insight into His most profound mysteries. Bonaventure eloquently argues that this practice serves to shield us from the fleeting distractions of the world, steadies us amid trials, and helps cultivate virtue while steering clear of vice. Written in...


067 - Chapter LXVI The opening of our blessed Saviour's side with a spear
03/20/2026

In St. Bonaventures Life of Our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, the author humbly acknowledges his limitations while passionately inviting readers to engage in one of the most enriching spiritual practices the contemplation of Christs life. He believes that through regular meditation on this divine subject, even those who feel uneducated can develop a deep familiarity, confidence, and love for God, gaining insight into His most profound mysteries. Bonaventure eloquently argues that this practice serves to shield us from the fleeting distractions of the world, steadies us amid trials, and helps cultivate virtue while steering clear of vice. Written in...


066 - Chapter LXV The words which our Lord spoke while hanging upon the cross he yields up his spirit
03/19/2026

In St. Bonaventures Life of Our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, the author humbly acknowledges his limitations while passionately inviting readers to engage in one of the most enriching spiritual practices the contemplation of Christs life. He believes that through regular meditation on this divine subject, even those who feel uneducated can develop a deep familiarity, confidence, and love for God, gaining insight into His most profound mysteries. Bonaventure eloquently argues that this practice serves to shield us from the fleeting distractions of the world, steadies us amid trials, and helps cultivate virtue while steering clear of vice. Written in...


065 - Chapter LXIV Our Lord Jesus Christ is nailed to the cross
03/18/2026

In St. Bonaventures Life of Our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, the author humbly acknowledges his limitations while passionately inviting readers to engage in one of the most enriching spiritual practices the contemplation of Christs life. He believes that through regular meditation on this divine subject, even those who feel uneducated can develop a deep familiarity, confidence, and love for God, gaining insight into His most profound mysteries. Bonaventure eloquently argues that this practice serves to shield us from the fleeting distractions of the world, steadies us amid trials, and helps cultivate virtue while steering clear of vice. Written in...


064 - Chapter LXIII Our Lord is condemned to suffer a cruel death on the cross and compelled to carry the
03/17/2026

In St. Bonaventures Life of Our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, the author humbly acknowledges his limitations while passionately inviting readers to engage in one of the most enriching spiritual practices the contemplation of Christs life. He believes that through regular meditation on this divine subject, even those who feel uneducated can develop a deep familiarity, confidence, and love for God, gaining insight into His most profound mysteries. Bonaventure eloquently argues that this practice serves to shield us from the fleeting distractions of the world, steadies us amid trials, and helps cultivate virtue while steering clear of vice. Written in...


063 - Chapter LXII Our blessed Lord is carried before Pilate scourged at the pillar and crowned with thorn
03/16/2026

In St. Bonaventures Life of Our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, the author humbly acknowledges his limitations while passionately inviting readers to engage in one of the most enriching spiritual practices the contemplation of Christs life. He believes that through regular meditation on this divine subject, even those who feel uneducated can develop a deep familiarity, confidence, and love for God, gaining insight into His most profound mysteries. Bonaventure eloquently argues that this practice serves to shield us from the fleeting distractions of the world, steadies us amid trials, and helps cultivate virtue while steering clear of vice. Written in...


062 - Chapter LXI Our Lord Jesus betrayed by Judas
03/15/2026

In St. Bonaventures Life of Our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, the author humbly acknowledges his limitations while passionately inviting readers to engage in one of the most enriching spiritual practices the contemplation of Christs life. He believes that through regular meditation on this divine subject, even those who feel uneducated can develop a deep familiarity, confidence, and love for God, gaining insight into His most profound mysteries. Bonaventure eloquently argues that this practice serves to shield us from the fleeting distractions of the world, steadies us amid trials, and helps cultivate virtue while steering clear of vice. Written in...


061 - Chapter LX The Passion of our Lord Jesus Christ and his prayer in the garden
03/14/2026

In St. Bonaventures Life of Our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, the author humbly acknowledges his limitations while passionately inviting readers to engage in one of the most enriching spiritual practices the contemplation of Christs life. He believes that through regular meditation on this divine subject, even those who feel uneducated can develop a deep familiarity, confidence, and love for God, gaining insight into His most profound mysteries. Bonaventure eloquently argues that this practice serves to shield us from the fleeting distractions of the world, steadies us amid trials, and helps cultivate virtue while steering clear of vice. Written in...


060 - Chapter LIX Our Lord's supper the night before his passion and circumstances relating to it
03/13/2026

In St. Bonaventures Life of Our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, the author humbly acknowledges his limitations while passionately inviting readers to engage in one of the most enriching spiritual practices the contemplation of Christs life. He believes that through regular meditation on this divine subject, even those who feel uneducated can develop a deep familiarity, confidence, and love for God, gaining insight into His most profound mysteries. Bonaventure eloquently argues that this practice serves to shield us from the fleeting distractions of the world, steadies us amid trials, and helps cultivate virtue while steering clear of vice. Written in...


059 - Chapter LVIII What our Lord Jesus did from Palm Sunday to the following Thursday
03/12/2026

In St. Bonaventures Life of Our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, the author humbly acknowledges his limitations while passionately inviting readers to engage in one of the most enriching spiritual practices the contemplation of Christs life. He believes that through regular meditation on this divine subject, even those who feel uneducated can develop a deep familiarity, confidence, and love for God, gaining insight into His most profound mysteries. Bonaventure eloquently argues that this practice serves to shield us from the fleeting distractions of the world, steadies us amid trials, and helps cultivate virtue while steering clear of vice. Written in...


058 - Chapter LVII Our Lord Jesus comes to Jerusalem en Palm Sunday riding on an ass
03/11/2026

In St. Bonaventures Life of Our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, the author humbly acknowledges his limitations while passionately inviting readers to engage in one of the most enriching spiritual practices the contemplation of Christs life. He believes that through regular meditation on this divine subject, even those who feel uneducated can develop a deep familiarity, confidence, and love for God, gaining insight into His most profound mysteries. Bonaventure eloquently argues that this practice serves to shield us from the fleeting distractions of the world, steadies us amid trials, and helps cultivate virtue while steering clear of vice. Written in...


057 - Chapter LVI Our Lord's return to Bethania where Mary Magdalen anoints his feet
03/10/2026

In St. Bonaventures Life of Our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, the author humbly acknowledges his limitations while passionately inviting readers to engage in one of the most enriching spiritual practices the contemplation of Christs life. He believes that through regular meditation on this divine subject, even those who feel uneducated can develop a deep familiarity, confidence, and love for God, gaining insight into His most profound mysteries. Bonaventure eloquently argues that this practice serves to shield us from the fleeting distractions of the world, steadies us amid trials, and helps cultivate virtue while steering clear of vice. Written in...


056 - Chapter LV The conspiracy of the Jews against Christ and his flight into the city of Ephraim
03/09/2026

In St. Bonaventures Life of Our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, the author humbly acknowledges his limitations while passionately inviting readers to engage in one of the most enriching spiritual practices the contemplation of Christs life. He believes that through regular meditation on this divine subject, even those who feel uneducated can develop a deep familiarity, confidence, and love for God, gaining insight into His most profound mysteries. Bonaventure eloquently argues that this practice serves to shield us from the fleeting distractions of the world, steadies us amid trials, and helps cultivate virtue while steering clear of vice. Written in...


055 - Chapter LIV The woman detected in adultery
03/08/2026

In St. Bonaventures Life of Our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, the author humbly acknowledges his limitations while passionately inviting readers to engage in one of the most enriching spiritual practices the contemplation of Christs life. He believes that through regular meditation on this divine subject, even those who feel uneducated can develop a deep familiarity, confidence, and love for God, gaining insight into His most profound mysteries. Bonaventure eloquently argues that this practice serves to shield us from the fleeting distractions of the world, steadies us amid trials, and helps cultivate virtue while steering clear of vice. Written in...


054 - Chapter LIII Christ curses the fig-tree
03/07/2026

In St. Bonaventures Life of Our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, the author humbly acknowledges his limitations while passionately inviting readers to engage in one of the most enriching spiritual practices the contemplation of Christs life. He believes that through regular meditation on this divine subject, even those who feel uneducated can develop a deep familiarity, confidence, and love for God, gaining insight into His most profound mysteries. Bonaventure eloquently argues that this practice serves to shield us from the fleeting distractions of the world, steadies us amid trials, and helps cultivate virtue while steering clear of vice. Written in...


053 - Chapter LII The raising of Lazarus
03/06/2026

In St. Bonaventures Life of Our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, the author humbly acknowledges his limitations while passionately inviting readers to engage in one of the most enriching spiritual practices the contemplation of Christs life. He believes that through regular meditation on this divine subject, even those who feel uneducated can develop a deep familiarity, confidence, and love for God, gaining insight into His most profound mysteries. Bonaventure eloquently argues that this practice serves to shield us from the fleeting distractions of the world, steadies us amid trials, and helps cultivate virtue while steering clear of vice. Written in...


052 - Chapter LI The Jews seek a second time to stone him
03/05/2026

In St. Bonaventures Life of Our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, the author humbly acknowledges his limitations while passionately inviting readers to engage in one of the most enriching spiritual practices the contemplation of Christs life. He believes that through regular meditation on this divine subject, even those who feel uneducated can develop a deep familiarity, confidence, and love for God, gaining insight into His most profound mysteries. Bonaventure eloquently argues that this practice serves to shield us from the fleeting distractions of the world, steadies us amid trials, and helps cultivate virtue while steering clear of vice. Written in...


051 - Chapter L Our Lord retreats from the temple to hide himself when the Jews would have stoned him
03/04/2026

In St. Bonaventures Life of Our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, the author humbly acknowledges his limitations while passionately inviting readers to engage in one of the most enriching spiritual practices the contemplation of Christs life. He believes that through regular meditation on this divine subject, even those who feel uneducated can develop a deep familiarity, confidence, and love for God, gaining insight into His most profound mysteries. Bonaventure eloquently argues that this practice serves to shield us from the fleeting distractions of the world, steadies us amid trials, and helps cultivate virtue while steering clear of vice. Written in...


050 - Chapter XLIX Christ gives sight to the man born blind
03/03/2026

In St. Bonaventures Life of Our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, the author humbly acknowledges his limitations while passionately inviting readers to engage in one of the most enriching spiritual practices the contemplation of Christs life. He believes that through regular meditation on this divine subject, even those who feel uneducated can develop a deep familiarity, confidence, and love for God, gaining insight into His most profound mysteries. Bonaventure eloquently argues that this practice serves to shield us from the fleeting distractions of the world, steadies us amid trials, and helps cultivate virtue while steering clear of vice. Written in...


049 - Chapter XLVIII Our Lord goes into the house of Zacheus
03/02/2026

In St. Bonaventures Life of Our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, the author humbly acknowledges his limitations while passionately inviting readers to engage in one of the most enriching spiritual practices the contemplation of Christs life. He believes that through regular meditation on this divine subject, even those who feel uneducated can develop a deep familiarity, confidence, and love for God, gaining insight into His most profound mysteries. Bonaventure eloquently argues that this practice serves to shield us from the fleeting distractions of the world, steadies us amid trials, and helps cultivate virtue while steering clear of vice. Written in...


048 - Chapter XLVII The blind man restored to sight at Jericho etc
03/01/2026

In St. Bonaventures Life of Our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, the author humbly acknowledges his limitations while passionately inviting readers to engage in one of the most enriching spiritual practices the contemplation of Christs life. He believes that through regular meditation on this divine subject, even those who feel uneducated can develop a deep familiarity, confidence, and love for God, gaining insight into His most profound mysteries. Bonaventure eloquently argues that this practice serves to shield us from the fleeting distractions of the world, steadies us amid trials, and helps cultivate virtue while steering clear of vice. Written in...


047 - Chapter XLVI The Jews seek to ensnare our Lord by his own words
02/28/2026

In St. Bonaventures Life of Our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, the author humbly acknowledges his limitations while passionately inviting readers to engage in one of the most enriching spiritual practices the contemplation of Christs life. He believes that through regular meditation on this divine subject, even those who feel uneducated can develop a deep familiarity, confidence, and love for God, gaining insight into His most profound mysteries. Bonaventure eloquently argues that this practice serves to shield us from the fleeting distractions of the world, steadies us amid trials, and helps cultivate virtue while steering clear of vice. Written in...