Glaucoma, Vision & Longevity: Supplements & Science

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Introduction: The “Why” and “What” Imagine your eye as a sink that constantly produces fluid. Normally, this fluid drains out through tiny channels to keep the pressure inside your eye (intraocular pressure) in a healthy range. In glaucoma, those channels are blocked or not working well, so pressure builds up and can...

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Introduction In advanced glaucoma, doctors often set very low target pressures (often 10 mmHg or lower) to protect remaining vision () (). “Single-digit” pressures mean an eye pressure under 10 mmHg (normal pressure is 12–22 mmHg). Achieving such low pressure can slow or stop glaucoma damage, but requires strong surgery. This article explains the main surgic...

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Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty (SLT) in Modern Glaucoma Care Glaucoma treatment has evolved beyond just daily eye drops or major surgery. Selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) is a gentle office laser procedure that helps lower eye pressure by improving fluid drainage through the eye’s natural pathway. In recent years, SLT’s role...

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Trabeculectomy vs Tube Shunts in the Modern Era: Long-Term Safety and Durability Glaucoma is often treated surgically by creating a new pathway for fluid to drain out of the eye. Two main approaches exist: trabeculectomy (making a new small flap/“bleb” in the eye’s wall) and tube shunt implants (silico...

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Do Oral Collagen Supplements Reach the Eye? Many people take hydrolyzed collagen (collagen broken into small pieces) to support their joints, skin, and even eye health. Collagen is a structural protein found in the skin, bones, cartilage – and the eye’s connective tissues (like the cornea and sclera). A key ques...

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Glaucoma and Intraocular Pressure: The Role of the Outflow Pathway Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases that can cause vision loss by damaging the optic nerve. High intraocular pressure (IOP) – the fluid pressure inside the eye – is a major risk factor for glaucoma. Normally, fluid made inside the eye (aque...

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The Ferroptosis Hype in Glaucoma: Hope or Hype? Imagine reading about a magic pill that could stop glaucoma by blocking a new form of cell death called ferroptosis. Some reports even mention a recent gene finding (DNAJB14) that sounds like a cure-in-the-making. It’s a captivating idea – protect your visi...

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Introduction Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, affecting tens of millions of people (). It is traditionally linked to high eye pressure (intraocular pressure), but many patients continue to lose vision even when pressure is controlled. Scientists now think that pressure is only part of the story. Inside...

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The Future of Glaucoma Care May Be Personal: Matching Treatment to Each Patient’s Risk Glaucoma is a chronic optic nerve disease and a leading cause of irreversible blindness. Traditionally, doctors have focused on one main factor – eye pressure – to diagnose and treat glaucoma. But in recent years experts have realiz...

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Can the Optic Nerve Be Protected? The New Neuroprotection Era in Glaucoma Research Glaucoma has long been called the “silent thief of sight” – historically treated by focusing on intraocular pressure (the fluid pressure in the eye). But a growing body of research shows that glaucoma is not just a plumbing proble...

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Sustained-Release Glaucoma Implants Imagine having glaucoma and relying on daily eye drops to protect your vision – but every night, whether out of fatigue or busy schedule, you forget or skip them. Many patients know this drill: missing eye-drop doses, administering them poorly, or giving up because the drops sting or ir...

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Introduction Glaucoma is a chronic eye disease where nerve cells in the retina and optic nerve gradually die, often causing blindness if untreated. For decades, the main proven treatment has been lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) – the fluid pressure inside the eye – to slow damage (). This is done with eye drops, lase...

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Introduction Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases where nerve cells in the retina (retinal ganglion cells, or RGCs) slowly die, causing vision loss (). In most cases, high intraocular pressure (IOP, the fluid pressure inside the eye) is a major risk factor (). Treatments currently focus on lowering IOP, but this...

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Glaucoma affects more than the eye Glaucoma is best known as a disease of the optic nerve and retina, but modern brain scans show it also involves the brain’s vision centers. Studies using MRI have found that people with glaucoma often have smaller brain structures and weaker connections in vi...

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Executive Summary Glutamine is a common amino acid in the body, but current evidence does not show that glutamine itself causes or treats glaucoma. Instead, glutamine is part of the normal glutamate–glutamine cycle in the nervous system, including the retina (). In glaucoma (a disease where retinal ganglion cells and th...

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Introduction Our eyes depend on a steady blood flow and pressure balance to stay healthy. During sleep, changes in blood pressure, breathing, and even eye pressure can affect vision. In particular, a drop in blood pressure at night (nocturnal hypotension) and episodes of stopped breathing (sleep apnea) may reduce ocular...

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Economics of High-Frequency Home Monitoring vs Clinic-Based Perimetry Glaucoma is a chronic eye condition that gradually shrinks side (peripheral) vision. It requires ongoing visual field testing (perimetry) to track disease progression and prevent vision loss. Traditionally, these tests are done in the clinic about every 6–12 months (). However, new home perimetry te...

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Introduction Vision relies on many kinds of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), each tuned to different color or contrast signals. Standard visual field tests use white-on-white (achromatic) stimuli and measure overall sensitivity, but early or selective damage in diseases like glaucoma can hide behind normal full-field results. Specialized perimetry tests now...

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Inequities in Access to Visual Field Testing and Their Consequences Visual field testing (also called perimetry) is a key tool eye doctors use to catch vision-threatening diseases like glaucoma early. In glaucoma, for example, people usually feel no symptoms until serious vision loss has occurred, so doctors rely on tests...

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Introduction Low-carbohydrate diets (such as ketogenic diets) have become popular for weight loss and blood sugar control. These diets can significantly improve metabolic health by lowering insulin, blood sugar, and even blood pressure () (). But for people with eye disease like glaucoma – especially the normal-tension type (NTG) – it is important to cons...

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Diet and Eye Pressure: How Proteins, Fats, and Carbs May Affect Glaucoma Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible vision loss, usually caused by damage to the optic nerve often driven by high intraocular pressure (IOP) – the fluid pressure inside the eye. Lowering IOP is the main way to treat gl...

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Introduction Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases that damage the optic nerve and can lead to vision loss if not treated. High intraocular pressure (IOP) – the fluid pressure inside the eye – is a major risk factor for glaucoma. Standard treatments (like eye drops and surgery) focus on lowering IOP. But...

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Medium-Chain Triglycerides vs Long-Chain Fats: Rapid Ketosis and Visual Function Medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) are fats with shorter carbon chains (mostly 8–12 carbons, like caprylic and capric acid) that are found naturally in coconut oil and breast milk. Long-chain fats (LCTs) include most other dietary fats (14+ carbons) such as olive or sunflower oi...

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Introduction Pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX) is an age-related eye condition characterized by the accumulation of flaky, white fibrillar material on structures in the front part of the eye (such as the lens capsule and pupillary border) () (). This material is rich in elastic microfibrils and other extracellular matrix proteins, so PEX is...

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Nutrient Sensing and RGC Survival in Glaucoma Glaucoma is a major cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, involving damage and loss of the eye’s retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and their axons. These cells send visual signals from the eye to the brain, so their health is vital for vision. Current gl...

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NAD+ and Glaucoma: Why Vitamin B₃ Matters Glaucoma is an aging-related eye disease in which retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) – the nerve cells that carry visual signals from the eye to the brain – gradually die off. Pressure-lowering treatments (drops, lasers, surgery) are the standard of care, but many patients still experience slow v...

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Introduction Glaucoma is a progressive eye disease where the optic nerve at the back of the eye is damaged, leading to vision loss. Because glaucoma often causes no symptoms until later, doctors use various tests to spot it early and track it. One key tool is Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT...

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New Glaucoma Treatments for 2026: Longer-Lasting Pressure Control Glaucoma, a leading cause of vision loss, is driven by high intraocular pressure (IOP) in the eye. Daily eye drops are the main treatment, but many patients find them hard to use consistently. Drops can sting, cause redness, or simply be forgotten...

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Endothelin-1 Peptide and Glaucoma: Targeting a Problem Pathway Glaucoma is an eye disease in which the optic nerve is damaged, often by high pressure inside the eye. Standard treatment focuses on lowering intraocular pressure (IOP). However, doctors increasingly recognize that poor blood flow and other factors also contribute to...

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Substance P, Pain, and Neuroinflammation in Glaucoma Glaucoma is a chronic eye disease that damages the optic nerve and can lead to vision loss. Many people with glaucoma also suffer from ocular surface discomfort – redness, burning, or dryness of the eye – especially if they use eye drops or have surgery. Thes...

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Introduction GLP-1 receptor agonists (glucagon-like peptide-1 analogs) are a class of medicines originally developed to treat type 2 diabetes. By mimicking a natural gut hormone (GLP-1), drugs like semaglutide (Ozempic®, Wegovy®) and liraglutide (Victoza®, Saxenda®) help lower blood sugar and often cause weight loss 7{reference-type="ref"}. They are now used by m...

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Introduction Glaucoma is a common cause of vision loss that happens when the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) – the nerve cells connecting the eye to the brain – gradually die. As one review notes, glaucoma is “characterized by RGC degeneration and loss of visual field” (pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). In other words, p...

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Heat Shock Proteins and Immune Responses in Glaucoma Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible vision loss, affecting tens of millions of people worldwide (). Normally, glaucoma is linked to high eye pressure, but many patients – especially those with normal-tension glaucoma – have nerve damage despite normal pressure. This has led researchers to l...

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Endothelin-1 and Glaucoma: Blood Flow, Astrocytes, and Therapy Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a very strong vasoconstrictor (makes blood vessels tighten) found naturally in the body. In the eye, ET-1 levels and signaling have been linked to damage in glaucoma, a disease of the optic nerve. Glaucoma often involves high intraocular pressure...

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MOTS-c and Glaucoma: A Mitochondrial Signal With Bigger Implications Than Eye Pressure? Glaucoma is an optic nerve disease often linked to high eye pressure, but it involves many cellular stress pathways. MOTS-c (Mitochondrial Open Reading Frame of the 12S rRNA Type-c) is a tiny peptide made by mitochondria that helps...

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Introduction Glaucoma is an age-related eye disease in which high pressure in the eye (intraocular pressure, or IOP) damages retinal nerve cells and leads to vision loss. Aging is the single biggest risk factor for glaucoma, and new research suggests this may be because aging eyes accumulate senescent cells – cells th...

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Ketogenic Diet and Retina: Protecting Eye Nerves through Metabolism Glaucoma is an eye disease where pressure or other factors cause progressive damage to the retinal nerve cells (retinal ganglion cells, RGCs) and their fibers, leading to vision loss. Traditionally, treatment focuses on lowering eye pressure (intraocular pressure, IOP). Recently, researchers...

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Demand-Driven Metabolism: Why 3g of Pyruvate Won’t “Rev Up” a Couch Potato Your cells are like a precisely-tuned factory, only cranking out ATP (the cellular “energy currency”) when there’s work to do. If you’re sedentary and not using extra energy, simply swallowing a few grams of pyruvate won’t flood ce...

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Introduction As we age, eye cells gradually lose energy and function, partly because their mitochondria (the cell’s “batteries”) become weaker (). This is true in the retina – the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye – where dying mitochondria contribute to poorer vision and diseases like age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Pho...

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What’s New in Glaucoma Research in April 2026? What Patients Should Know Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases that slowly damage the optic nerve, often due to high pressure inside the eye. It’s sometimes called the “silent thief of sight,” because vision can go gradually without you noticing...