The Irish History Boys

Welcome to this week's The Irish History Boys podcast with Tim and Cormac. On this episode, they discuss the 1976 Irish Presidential Crisis, where President Cearbhall Ó Dálaigh referred new emergency powers legislation to the Supreme Court following heightened IRA violence in Dublin, creating severe friction with Taoiseach Liam Cosgrave’s coalition government.

They examine how the crisis peaked when Defence Minister Patrick Donegan publicly insulted the President as a thundering disgrace. When the Taoiseach refused to discipline Donegan, Ó Dálaigh resigned to defend the dignity of his office, directly contributing to the government's landslide defeat in 1977.

Join Tim McGarry and Dr. Cormac Moore on The Irish History Boys as they explore what British policy looked like towards Ireland between 1912 and 1921, including home rule.

This episode focuses specifically on the chequered careers and legacies of two consecutive British Prime Ministers: Herbert Henry Asquith and David Lloyd George.

They discuss Lloyd George's secret double-dealing with unionists and nationalists, the backfiring 1918 Conscription Crisis, and the passage of the 1920 Government of Ireland Act, which formally partitioned the six Ulster counties.

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Join Tim McGarry and Dr. Cormac Moore on The Irish History Boys as they explore Ireland's diplomatic push for co-equality at the 1926 Imperial Conference and the Balfour Declaration.

This episode also dives into a 1976 church initiative attempting to tackle 'them and us' politics in Northern Ireland, alongside a look at the 1926 Soviet power struggle that paved the way for Joseph Stalin's rise.

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In this episode of the Irish History Boys, hosts Cormac Moore and Tim McGarry are joined by Dr Gavin Hughes to examine the bloody, highly complex tragedy of the 1798 Irish Rebellion.

We reflect on the brutal counter-insurgency campaign led by General Gerard Lake—exploring horrific tactics like "pitch-capped" burning tar hats, widespread executions, and the sheer terror of the "dragooning of Ulster".

We examine this chaotic uprising within the broader context of post-Atlantic radicalism, tracing how the ideals of Thomas Paine and the French Revolution inspired Wolfe Tone to unite "Catholic, Protestant, and Di...

In this episode of the Irish History Boys, we reflect on Oliver Cromwell’s brutal 10-month invasion of Ireland in 1649, a devastating campaign marked by the massacres at Drogheda and Wexford that left a 400-year shadow over the island.

We examine these horrific sieges within the grim context of 17th-century European warfare, comparing Cromwell's relentless tactics to the atrocities of the Thirty Years' War and exploring how black propaganda surrounding the 1641 Rebellion fuelled sectarian revenge.

Additionally, we dissect the paradox of Cromwell himself: was he a ruthless dictator, a cross between Stalin and Na...

In this episode of the Irish History Boys, we reflect on the September 1976 IRA bomb attack on the Belfast Telegraph offices and the tragic death of 60-year-old print worker Joe Patton. We examine how rival publications—including the nationalist Irish News —stood in unprecedented solidarity to defend a free press against paramilitary intimidation.

We analyze this targeted attack within the context of 1976's grim violence, highlighting the rare targeting of journalists during the Troubles and the paper's defiance in publishing its famous four-page "Penny Marvel" edition straight from the rubble.

Additionally, we explore Vang...

In this episode of the Irish History Boys, Tim McGarry and Dr. Cormac Moore reflect on the harrowing 1926 cinema fire in the County Limerick village of Dromcollogher, an appalling catastrophe that claimed nearly 50 lives.

We examine how a makeshift cinema in a hardware store loft turned into a blazing inferno when unprotected film reels ignited, trapping moviegoers with only a single ladder exit.

We examine the devastating impact of this tragedy, locally remembered as "The Burning", where one-tenth of the village perished, and analyse why the disaster sparked no official Dáil inquiry o...

In this episode of the Irish History Boys, we explore the "disease of pessimism" that gripped Ireland in September 1926.

Drawing from contemporary accounts warning that this despair threatened to develop into a national characteristic of "moral decrepitude and mental stagnation," we dissect the psychological and economic scars left by the Civil War, the 1925 famine, and rampant emigration.

We then fast-forward to the modern era to debate when and how Ireland finally transitioned from post-independence stagnation into a self-assured, highly confident nation.

Additionally, we tackle the wild "Northern misconceptions" surrounding the...

In this episode of the Irish History Boys, we unpack the dramatic political fallout of August 1976, when the Dublin government declared a shocking, post-WWII state of emergency to combat the rising tide of subversive violence. We examine the introduction of draconian legislation that suspended ordinary laws indefinitely, and the unprecedented constitutional crisis that saw Irish President Cearbhall Ó Dálaigh resign after being publicly branded a "thundering disgrace" by a government minister.

We dive deep into the controversial debate over whether the Republic of Ireland was truly a "safe haven" for the IRA, or if the border wa...

In this episode of the Irish History Boys, we delve into the "forgotten pandemic" of the early 20th century: Encephalitis Lethargica, or "sleeping sickness". We discuss how this mystery disease left victims in virtual comas for decades, the high mortality rates that rivalled the Spanish Flu, and why it remains one of history’s most overlooked medical crises.

We also profile the notorious Lord Haw-Haw (William Joyce), the American-born, Ireland-raised Nazi propagandist whose "Germany Calling" broadcasts made him a household name during WWII. We examine his controversial trial for high treason—despite his claims of American citi...

In this episode of the Irish History Boys, we examine the paradoxical year of 1976 in Northern Ireland—a year marked by the second-highest death toll of the Troubles, yet one that offered a fleeting "glimmer of hope" through a spontaneous, bottom-up peace movement.

We recount the horrific tragedy that served as a catalyst: the deaths of the Maguire children in August 1976, which led Betty Williams to launch a "peace snowball" that saw tens of thousands of women from both the Shankill and Falls roads marching together in "hands across the barricade" rallies. We analyze the subsequent ri...

Join Tim McGarry and Dr Cormac Moore on the Irish History Boys as they explore Northern Ireland’s interwar economic collapse and the controversial 1976 internment debate. They analyse how the North’s industrial record evaporated after partition, leading to staggering unemployment and stinging criticism of government misgovernance compared to the modernisation efforts in the Irish Free State.

The conversation also revisits Brian Faulkner’s 1976 call to bring back internment, examining Gerry Fitts's warning that the move would only boost the IRA’s standing and the eventual shift toward the policy of criminalisation.

This epi...

In this episode of the Irish History Boys, we reflect on the curious "hairpin bend" of travel in Ireland during 1926, where strangers from abroad were welcomed with open arms while neighbors across the border remained strangers to one another.

We examine the "othering" of the North and how early partition was reinforced by everything from "trip-tech" passes to customs barriers that turned a simple journey into a political statement.

Additionally, we explore the grim reality of 1976—one of the deadliest years of the Troubles—and the near-impossible task of marketing Northern Ireland as a ho...

In this episode of the Irish History Boys, we reflect on the July 1976 assassination of the British Ambassador to Ireland, Christopher Ewart-Biggs, and his secretary Judith Cook. This "mid-morning outrage" occurred just 12 days into his tenure when a landmine exploded in Sandyford, a tragedy the hosts examine as a "spectacular" strike that intended to drive a wedge between the British and Irish governments.

We examine the human cost of this violence through the eyes of the Ambassador's family—his daughter Kate, who was just eight years old at the time, and his wife Jane, who responded wi...

In this episode of the Irish History Boys, Tim McGarry and Dr. Cormac Moore peel back the layers of Edward Carson, the man whose statue looms over Stormont but whose roots lie deep in Dublin’s Harcourt Street. We explore the irony of a southern lawyer becoming the face of Northern Ireland, his devastating courtroom destruction of Trinity classmate Oscar Wilde, and his early reputation as the fierce "Coercion Carson".

Additionally, we delve into the high-stakes "treason" of 1913, examining how Carson helped bring the gun back into Ireland's political landscape through the Ulster Volunteer Force. To...

In the second part of this special series on The Irish History Boys, hosts Tim McGarry and Cormac Moore continue their exploration of the Orange Institution with Dr Jonathan Mattison from the Museum of Orange Heritage. This episode moves beyond the Battle of the Boyne to examine the century of tension that followed, specifically how the unravelling of the Treaty of Limerick and the implementation of the Penal Laws by the Dublin Parliament influenced Protestant community identity.

Dr Mattison discusses the unique reverence for King William III in Ireland, explaining that because the war for t...

In this special July episode of the Irish History Boys, hosts Tim McGarry and Cormac Moore set aside their usual news archives to explore "orange" history with Dr. Jonathan Mattison from the Museum of Orange Heritage. The discussion uncovers the complex international politics of the Glorious Revolution, including the surprising tactical support William of Orange initially received from Pope Innocent XI to counter the influence of the French King Louis XIV.

The episode highlights why the Siege of Derry was the most critical strategic engagement of the war and provides unique insights into the Battle of...

This week’s episode of The Irish History Boys explores pivotal moments from 1926 and 1976, focusing on Ireland’s evolving sovereignty and security.

We discuss how the Irish Free State and other dominions like Canada began loosening the ties of the British Empire, eventually leading to full independence through agreements like the Statute of Westminster. The episode revisits a biting 1926 critique that deemed Éamon de Valera’s political future "hopeless" just as he was founding Fianna Fáil.

Shifting to 1976, we examine the Ulsterization of security and the British strategy to criminalise the IRA by treat...

Join Tim McGarry and Dr. Cormac Moore for another episode of The Irish History Boys, where they dig into the archives of the Irish News to explore the stories that shaped Ireland 50 and 100 years ago.

In this episode, we dive into the year 1926, a time of historical quirks and radical social shifts. They discuss the surprising reality of the British government funding homes for heroes for WWI veterans within the newly independent Irish Free State, a policy move that sparked political tension and eventually led to a landmark court case where veterans won the right t...

In this episode of the Irish History Boys, we delve into the "lost memoir" of Seán Lemass, drawing on newly discovered tapes that provide a blunt and candid look at the man who transformed a failing state. 

We reflect on Lemass’s rise as the "power behind the throne" during Éamon de Valera’s final years, a period where he transitioned the country away from an "existential threat" and the despair of mass emigration.

We examine Lemass’s radical shift in economic policy, moving Ireland from the "sterile arguments" of protectioni...

In this episode of the Irish History Boys, we delve into the "lost memoirs" of Seán Lemass, a man widely regarded as the architect of modern Ireland. Joined by author and editor Ronan McGrevy, we explore the significance of the rediscovered 1960s tapes that provide an unprecedented, first-hand account of Lemass’s 50-year public life.

We confront the hidden personal tragedies that were long "elided" from his official life story, most notably the accidental childhood shooting of his brother Herbert, an event that remained unknown to the public and even his own daughter for decades. We...

In this episode of the Irish History Boys, we continue our harrowing exploration of the Kincora Boys' Home scandal with award-winning journalist Chris Moore, uncovering the "rotten" truth beneath one of Northern Ireland’s most disturbing institutional cover-ups.

We delve into the tragic testimony of survivor Arthur Smith, who recounts his journey from a broken home to Kincora at just 11 years old—a place where his initial hope for safety was met with "horrendous" abuse at the hands of housewarden William McGrath.

We further examine the "astonishing allegation" involving the Queen’s cousin, Lord "...

**WARNING - This episode contains references to child sex abuse**

In this episode of the Irish History Boys, we delve into the harrowing and long-suppressed history of the Kincora Boys' Home in East Belfast—a scandal described as "Britain’s Shame" and a profound betrayal of the most vulnerable children in society. We examine the systematic sexual abuse that began in the late 1950s under unqualified wardens and discuss how early reports of these "unpleasant" crimes were chillingly "sidestepped" by authorities.

We explore the rise of William McGrath, the notorious "Beast of Kincora," an e...

In this episode of the Irish History Boys, we examine a pivotal moment in the Troubles: the 1976 shift in American diplomacy that forever altered the conflict's trajectory.

We discuss how John Hume bypassed the "internal UK issue" blockade to engage the "Four Horsemen"—including Ted Kennedy and Tip O’Neill—effectively bringing the weight of Washington D.C. to bear on the search for peace.

We reflect on these diplomatic maneuvers within the context of 1976’s grim violence, the second worst year of the Troubles in terms of deaths.

We explor...

In this episode of the Irish History Boys, we mark the centenary of a political movement that would dominate the landscape of the southern state for nearly a century: Fianna Fáil. We revisit May 16, 1926, when Éamon de Valera addressed a crowded theater in Dublin to launch a party that promised to move away from animalistic formalism and toward the realities of power.

We explore the massive risk this split from Sinn Féin represented and how the party transitioned from Civil War rebels to the most successful political organization in the history of the state.

In this episode of the Irish History Boys, we reflect on the momentous and tragic final year of Rory O’Connor, culminating in the "completely illegal" reprisal executions of O’Connor, Liam Mellows, Joe McKelvey, and Dick Barrett in December 1922. We examine these state-sanctioned killings—described as an act of "literal revenge" for the assassination of TD Seán Hales—as a pivotal and controversial moment in the birth of the Irish state.

We examine O'Connor's role within the context of the Irish Civil War's escalating bitterness, tracing his journey from the IRA's head of engineering to the "m...

In this episode of the Irish History Boys, we reflect on the life and radicalization of Republican figure Rory O’Connor, drawing on Jerry Shannon’s new biography, To Defend the Republic. We examine O’Connor’s transition from a "wandering spirit" working on Canadian railroads to a central, albeit enigmatic, figure in the Irish Volunteers and the IRB.

We explore O’Connor’s surprising personal background, born into a "castle Catholic" family with a father who supported the British regime. We discuss his elite education and early radicalization at UCD, where he first met key figures like...

In this episode of the Irish History Boys, we anticipate the historic release of the 1926 Census, a "huge treasure trove of information" becoming available for the first time under the hundred-year rule. We reflect on its immense value for social historians and those tracing family trees, offering a unique "color to that story" of Irish life following a decade of unprecedented upheaval between 1911 and 1926.

We examine the 1926 Census as the first taken in a post-partition Ireland and discuss the "awful shame" of the lost Northern records, which were destroyed in the Second World War during the...

In this episode of the Irish History Boys, we delve into the heated 1976 debate surrounding integrated education in Northern Ireland. We examine a scathing letter from a "very concerned" parent to the Irish News, which denounced the burgeoning movement for integrated schools as a threat to Catholic culture and traditions. This correspondence highlights the deep-seated fears and sectarian tensions of the era, where even the classroom became a battlefield for religious identity, marked by allegations of intolerance and the perceived surrender of "treasured customs".

We also travel back to April 1926 to recount the extraordinary story of...

In this episode of the Irish History Boys, we reflect on the 1976 assassination of Sinn Féin Vice President Máire Drumm, who was shot dead by loyalist gunmen while recovering from an eye operation in Belfast’s Mater Hospital.

We examine the chilling allegations that Secretary of State Merlin Rees "set her up" as a target through a series of unprecedented personal public attacks just months before her murder.

We place this high-profile killing within the context of the "collective madness" of 1976—historically the second bloodiest year of the Troubles—characterised by devastat...

In this episode of the Irish History Boys, we delve into the 1926 Donegal County Council controversy, where a resolution was passed requiring all council officials to reside within the county or face dismissal. We analyze this move—described as a "further slight" to Northern Nationalists—against the backdrop of the Boundary Commission debacle, which left many feeling abandoned by the Free State government and subjected to a "partitionist" policy.

We also explore the complex naming debate that has plagued the island for a century, examining why terms like "Ireland," "Ulster," and "The Six Counties" remain such...

In this episode of the Irish History Boys, we delve into the shock resignation of British Prime Minister Harold Wilson on St. Patrick’s Day 1976, a move that left the political world reeling and remains shrouded in mystery. 

We explore the real reasons behind his departure—from economic exhaustion to private fears for his health—and examine the secret "Doomsday scenario" files that contemplated Britain pulling out of the North to create an independent Ulster.

We analyze the volatile relationship between Wilson and Northern Ireland, reflecting on his infamous 1974 televised address where he brand...

In this episode of the Irish History Boys, we reflect on the harrowing 1976 UVF attack on the Golden Pheasant restaurant—a "mass murder attempt" that claimed the lives of brothers Tony and Miles O’Reilly. 

We examine these senseless killings within the context of 1976’s grim violence, a year that saw the second-highest death toll of the Troubles and was defined by a "political vacuum" following the collapse of the Sunningdale Agreement. 

We also discuss Seamus Mallon’s famously inaccurate 1976 forecast of power-sharing within two years—a vision that would ultimately take 22 years...

In this episode of the Irish History Boys, we delve into the seismic political shift of 1926—the split within Sinn Féin that birthed the Fianna Fáil party. We examine Éamon de Valera’s pragmatic yet controversial move to abandon abstentionism, provided the oath of allegiance was removed, and the pivotal role of his protege Seán Lemass in driving this new movement. We also draw parallels between this 1926 rupture and the Republican movement's similar debate over entering the Dáil sixty years later in 1986.

Additionally, we revisit the 1922 arrest of the Monaghan football team in Tyrone...

In this episode of the Irish History Boys, Tim McGarry and Dr. Cormac Moore reflect on the "obituary" of the 1975–1976 Constitutional Convention, a failed British attempt to find a political solution that instead left Northern Ireland in a "complete political vacuum". We examine how the refusal of unionists to share power led to a period of "violence and stagnation," with 1976 becoming one of the bloodiest years of the Troubles.

We also dive into the financial "insolvency" of Northern Ireland, tracing it back to 1926 when the statelet first required a "free gift" from the British Treasury to av...

In this episode of the Irish History Boys, we reflect on the barbaric 1976 murders of Mary Sloan, May Sloan, and Doris McGrath—a tragedy described at the time as a "new low in barbarity". 

We examine these senseless killings within the context of 1976's grim violence and the ways in which such horrific events were often "hazed over" by the relentless cycle of conflict during the Troubles.

Additionally, we explore the Irish Free State's struggle to "unshackle" itself from the British judicial yoke in 1926. We discuss the debate over judges’ wigs and gowns as a...

In this episode of the Irish History Boys, we commemorate the 50th anniversary of Frank Stagg’s 1976 hunger strike—a 60-day ordeal that ended in a "cloud of controversy" and left his family deeply divided. We examine the harrowing physiological toll of the strike and the Irish government's extraordinary tactical decision to intercept Stagg's remains via helicopter to prevent the IRA from achieving a "propaganda coup".

Additionally, we travel back 100 years to 1926 to analyze the "splenetic denunciation" of the Irish Free State by the Unionist press. We discuss how the Irish News exposed this as a "poli...

In this episode of the Irish History Boys, we examine the poignant death and funeral of Anthony Reavy in 1976—the third brother in one family to perish following a loyalist shooting. We place this tragedy within the broader context of the era's relentless sectarian violence and the prevailing "political vacuum" of the time.

Additionally, we highlight the growth of indigenous Irish commercial entities, such as IPB Insurance, as symbols of burgeoning statehood and the drive to move away from British-run systems.

To conclude, we address a listener's strategic question regarding the partition of Ir...

his week we explore the fallout of the tripartite agreement of 1926, which led to the release of 33 political prisoners in Northern Ireland—though three "Derry prisoners" remained behind bars due to their roles in a fatal rescue attempt. We examine how political status served as a recurring bargaining chip, tracing the history of Republican resistance from the 1918 "German Plot" to the daring escapes of the Civil War.

Finally, we discuss the harrowing death of hunger striker Frank Stagg in 1976 and the British government's "callous" refusal to grant him a transfer to a Northern Irish prison. We al...

This week we explore the pivotal year of 1926 for the Gaelic Athletic Association, as delegates from Louth and Tipperary pushed for the removal of the compulsory ban on "foreign games" such as soccer, rugby, cricket, and hockey. We look at the systemic issues regarding the enforcement of these rules, including the 1938 removal of Ireland's first president, Douglas Hyde, as GAA patron and the deployment of vigilante committees to ensure members did not attend rival sporting events. We also discuss why Northern members were the strongest advocates for maintaining these bans, as they felt abandoned by the Free State and faced...