The Mathematicians Podcast

Brahmagupta

What does it take to call yourself a mathematician? Is it enough to enjoy a Sudoku, or should you be able to solve an equation that would keep most of us busy for a year? And how do you go about making nothing into something?

In this episode of The Mathematicians Podcast, we meet Brahmagupta, one of the great figures of the Indian mathematical tradition. Born around 600 CE, Brahmagupta made extraordinary contributions to arithmetic, algebra, geometry and astronomy. He also seems to have had a rather high opinion of his own abilities; which, given the mathematics...

Was Varāhamihira the world's first statistician? Could a sixth-century mathematician really predict the monsoon using observational data? And how did Bhāskara I produce one of the greatest approximations to the sine function over a thousand years before modern calculators?

In this episode of The Mathematicians Podcast, Benjamin Cornish explores two remarkable figures from the golden age of Indian mathematics.

First, we meet Varāhamihira, author of the Bṛhat Saṃhitā and the Pañcasiddhāntikā. Discover how he preserved the Five Astronomical Schools of India, collected generations of weather observations to forecast the monsoon...

The Gupta Empire reaches its scientific zenith as we meet one of the greatest mathematicians of Late Antiquity.

Aryabhata (476–550 CE) helped transform astronomy and mathematics in India through a remarkable combination of elegant algorithms and practical computation. In this episode we explore his Aryabhatiya, from recursive square and cube root algorithms to the famous Kuttaka ("Pulveriser") method for solving indeterminate equations. Along the way we investigate his astonishingly accurate value of π, some of the earliest trigonometric tables, numerical methods that hint at calculus over a thousand years before Newton, and his important role in the long, collective sto...

The Silk Road carried spices, gemstones, ideas... and, occasionally, trigonometry.

In this episode of The Mathematicians Podcast, we follow the mysterious figure known as Yavanesvara, the "Lord of the Greeks," whose translation of Greek astronomical and astrological knowledge into Sanskrit helped spark a mathematical transformation in ancient India.

Along the way, we explore merchant trade across the Indian Ocean, the origins of sine tables, spherical astronomy, navigation, observational error, and the surprisingly rich mathematics hidden inside astrology. We also take a brief detour through gem shops, Roman trade deficits, and the everyday mathematics of merchants...

Episode 42: Pingala – The Poet of Binary

Why is a 2nd-century BCE Indian grammarian being featured on a mathematics podcast? Because centuries before the "Founding Fathers" of Western mathematics were born, Pingala was already encoding the universe.

In this special rhythmic episode, I step out of the traditional lecture hall and into the world of spoken word. After a transformative experience at the 'Beat up the Poets' conference, I will explore the Chandaḥśāstra; Pingala’s ancient treatise on prosody.

We look into how the study of Sanskrit poetic meters led to the earliest known descriptions of:

In this special book club episode of 'The Mathematicians Podcast', I sit down with author, maths communicator, and museum learning consultant, Thomas K. Briggs. Join us for a glass of wine and a deep dive into Tom's book, 'The Mathematicians Library', a title so intriguing it was a must-have for the show.

This 'Injectives' sub-series episode is a one-to-one conversation; today exploring the vast history of mathematical literature. Discover the oldest book in Tom's personal collection and unravel the criteria for what truly constitutes a "book of mathematics". Tom paints a vivid picture of ancient mathematical works...

In this episode of The Mathematicians Podcast, I am jumping ahead 800 years and travelling 5,000 km back to India to pick up the threads of a fascinating mathematical tradition. I’ll be introducing you to Umaswati, a pivotal figure from around the 2nd Century CE who helped systematise the teachings of Jainism, a religion where "Right Knowledge" and the study of the cosmos made maths a fundamental pursuit.

Together, we explore the four broad periods of Indian religious development: Vedic, Śhramana, Puranic, and Bhakti, and see how the Jain tradition carved out a unique space for mathematical inquiry. We’...

When is an approximation "good enough"? This week on The Mathematicians Podcast, host Benjamin Cornish opens the doors to his  gem and fossil shop to discuss why a polished piece of glass, or a clever mathematical shortcut, can sometimes be just as effective as the real thing.

We are shifting our focus toward the sprawling, shifting history of Mesopotamia. Today, we tackle a double bill of Babylonian titans: Nabu-rimanni and Kidinu. Though separated by two centuries and a revolving door of empires (from the Persians to the Greeks), these two temple astronomers foresaw the blossoming of predictive scie...

Episode 52 of The Mathematicians Podcast, takes us deep into the world of ancient Indian mathematics with a focus on Apastamba and his contributions to the Sulvasutras. Following in the footsteps of Baudhayana, Apastamba codified and clarified Vedic ritual geometry, transforming abstract rules into practical, modular construction techniques. We explore his mathematical approach, the subtle differences between his Sulvasutras and those of Baudhayana, and his work on the Dharma Sutra, which laid out ethical and social laws with remarkable precision.

Keywords & Hashtags:
Ancient mathematics, Indian mathematics, Apastamba, Sulvasutras, Vedic mathematics, Baudhayana, Yajurveda, Dharma Sutra, Indian m...

In this episode a journey back to 800 BCE to explore the life and work of Baudhayana, one of the earliest known mathematicians from the Indian tradition.

This episode also offers context on the Vedic tradition, the role of mathematics in ritual practices, and the broader connections between ethical, social, and technical knowledge. We discuss how mathematics was a practical, problem-solving craft in ancient India, designed to be memorized, teachable, and repeatable, an engineering mindset long before modern formalizations. Listeners will gain a rich understanding of the spiritual, cultural, and mathematical landscape in which Baudhayana worked, and why...

How do you get a wolf, a goat, and a cabbage across a river without turning the boat into a buffet? Welcome to the Season 1 Finale of The Mathematicians Podcast! Today, we go to the court of Charlemagne to meet Alcuin of York: clergyman, poet, teacher, and potentially history’s first queer mathematician.

Alcuin arguably invented the genre of "Recreational Mathematics." In this episode, we open his book Propositiones ad Acuendos Juvenes (Problems to Sharpen the Young), a collection of logic puzzles that includes the world’s first recorded river-crossing problems, inheritance riddles, and a few "impossible" ques...

Was Bede a mathematician? Well, he certainly made history count. Join Benjamin Cornish for a trip to Northumbria (which is definitely in England) to meet the "OG monk" who mastered the calendar. In this episode, we dip into "On the Reckoning of Time" to discover how one man calculated the date of Easter, argued with the tides, and dated the Garden of Eden to a Tuesday (or close enough). We also explore why we use the AD/BC system and why you should never trust a Solstice.

Keywords: Bede, History of Mathematics, Northumbria, Calendars, Paschal Moon, Tides, C...

This week on The Mathematicians Podcast, join Benjamin Cornish as he shines a spotlight on Eutocius of Ascalon, the unsung hero who kept the flames of ancient mathematics burning! Born in 480 CE, Eutocius headed the prestigious Alexandrian school and dedicated his life to preserving and elucidating the monumental works of mathematical titans like Archimedes. We'll explore his crucial commentaries on "On the Sphere and Cylinder" and "Measurement of a Circle," unravelling fascinating insights into early approximations of pi and the elusive origins of square root calculations. Discover why some figures count more than their theorems.

Keywords: Eutocius o...

This week, we bridge the gap between Alexandria and Constantinople with Isidorus of Miletus, a mathematician and architect who preferred teaching to writing. We look into how he and his partner, Anthemius of Tralles, were commissioned to build the legendary Hagia Sophia in a mere five years, after a sports riot burned down half the city. Discover the architectural genius behind its "floating" dome, a marvel of pendentives that has stood for centuries.

Then, we follow the extraordinary journey of a lost text by Archimedes, which Isidorus himself studied. From a library in Constantinople to a 10th-century...

Join us on The Mathematicians Podcast as host Benjamin Cornish uncovers the whimsical and often mischievous side of Anthemius of Tralles, the Byzantine Greek architect and mathematician! From earthquake pranks on his neighbour Zeno to pioneering work in optics and conic sections, Anthemius proves that genius can be seriously fun. Discover the forgotten history of burning mirrors, the true shape of light, and the secrets behind the magnificent Hagia Sophia.

Keywords: Anthemius of Tralles, Byzantine mathematics, history of optics, conic sections, Hagia Sophia, ancient architects, mischievous mathematicians, podcast, mathematics history, geometry

Hashtags: #MathematiciansPodcast #AnthemiusOfTralles #HistoryOfMaths #O...

Welcome back to The Mathematicians Podcast! In this episode, host Benjamin Cornish takes us back to the 6th century CE to explore the life and legacy of Simplicius of Cilicia. A pivotal figure caught between two intellectual giants, Simplicius studied under both Aristotelian and Platonic traditions, becoming one of the last significant scholars of Plato's Academy before its closure by Justinian.

Join us as we uncover Simplicius's crucial role as a pagan apologist, philosopher, astronomer, and mathematician. Learn how he became a conduit for preserving ancient knowledge, meticulously commenting on the works of Aristotle and Plato, and a...

This week on The Mathematician's Podcast, we take a break from the philosophical and theological debates of the past to chat with an intellectual heavyweight of our own age! In another special "Injectives" episode, Ben is joined by Hope Duncan, a maths communicator and researcher at the University of Leeds whose particular interest is infinity.

Join us as Hope tackles some fundamental (and some silly!) questions from Ben's school students, concepts like dividing by zero and the mass of the universe. The conversation quickly escalates into a fascinating discussion on the history and modern understanding of infinity...

Welcome back to The Mathematicians Podcast! This episode introduces our first "John" – John Philoponus, also known as John the Grammarian or John of Alexandria. This Christian theologian, philosopher, and arguably mathematician from 6th-century Egypt is primarily known for his religious doctrine, but we look into the fascinating overlap between mathematics and religion: the nature of infinity.

Join us as we explore Philoponus's arguments against the Aristotelian view of an eternal cosmos, his insights into the conservation of momentum and the concept of "initial impetus," and his revolutionary thoughts on the vacuum and fluid drag. We'll trace the his...

The Romans are here, in ROME! Discover the dramatic rise and fall of the Roman Empire, its lasting global impact, and the fascinating (and sometimes contentious) question of who inherited its crown. Then, meet Boethius, the last classical scholar, whose time on death row led to The Consolation of Philosophy. This episode unpacks his brilliant philosophy of causation, free will, and how god knows the future without pre-determining our choices. We'll explore Aristotle's Sea Battle paradox, Boethius's own #LogicalInnovations (like De hypotheticis syllogismis), and his monumental effort to translate Greek mathematics and #Philosophy, shaping the entire medieval intellectual landscape. Get ready f...

This week we explore the brilliant, and tragically short, life of Hypatia of Alexandria. Born around 370 CE, she was a pioneering female mathematician and philosopher who led the last great school of mathematics in the ancient world. 

Hypatia’s story is also a dramatic tale of political and religious upheaval. A respected pagan intellectual with influence in Alexandria's civic life, she found herself caught in the violent conflicts of the early Christian church. Join us as we examine the forces that shaped her world and led to her untimely end, reflecting on the fragile legacy of knowledge and...

This week, Pappus of Alexandria, a pivotal figure in 4th-century mathematics. Often considered one of the last great Greco-Roman geometers, Pappus compiled the monumental Synagogue, a comprehensive collection that sought to revive classical Greek geometry.

In this episode: A candid look at Pappus's personality and his notorious public critique of the female mathematician Pandrosion and her student. Pappus’s distinction between "plane," "solid," and the more expansive "linear" problems. Concepts like the Pappus Chain (or Steiner Chain) and his non-Euclidean approach to classic problems like doubling the cube.

Join us as we explore Pappus's legacy, hi...

This week, we're taking another trip to ancient Alexandria to meet Diophantus, often hailed as the "Father of Algebra." 

Join us as we untangle the fuzzy biography of a mathematician whose life story is a riddle, and whose monumental work, the Arithmetica, started us working  towards systematic equation-solving. From the proto-symbols of syncopated algebra to the birth of Diophantine equations (where only whole numbers dare to tread!), we explore how this ancient Greek genius sought to generalize mathematical problems, shifting math from "apples" to "variables."

Keywords: Diophantus, Algebra, Arithmetica, Diophantine Equations, Ancient Greece, Alexa...

Imagine writing a book so influential it becomes the undisputed authority on the nature of the universe for the next 14 centuries. Now, imagine its core premise is completely wrong. That's the legacy of Claudius Ptolemy.

In this episode, we're exploring the ancient world's ultimate spreadsheet guy. Ptolemy didn't just guess that the Earth was the centre of the cosmos; he built a stunningly complex and predictive mathematical model to prove it; a system of circles-on-circles that could accurately chart the strange, looping paths of the planets.

We'll follow his influence from the library of Alexandria...

Join Benjamin Cornish as he uncovers the story of Theon of Smyrna (c. 70 CE), the ancient world's ultimate study-guide writer!

He wasn't a revolutionary, but Theon's "Mathematical Matters Useful for Reading Plato" was a game-changer for anyone trying to decipher the mathematical underpinnings of Plato's philosophy.

In this episode, we explore:

Theon's life and philosophical context as a Middle Platonist.

His monumental work: a comprehensive guide to Pythagorean and Platonic arithmetic, music theory, and a glimpse into ancient astronomy.

The fascinating world of ancient "number personalities," where numbers were cat...

In this episode of The Mathematicians Podcast, Benjamin Cornish explores the life and works of Nicomachus of Gerasa—a philosopher, mystic, and mathematician whose obsession with numbers shaped centuries of thought. From perfect and amicable numbers to cosmic harmonies and the mystical side of arithmetic, Nicomachus blended maths with philosophy, music, and spirituality in ways that still resonate today.

We’ll look at how his Introduction to Arithmetic became the medieval go-to textbook, how his Pythagorean passions fed into Neopythagorean and Neoplatonist traditions, and why he thought numbers weren’t just useful but divine. 

Whether you’re...

In this episode of The Mathematicians Podcast, Benjamin Cornish explores the life and work of Menelaus of Alexandria; the mathematician who transformed how we think about geometry on curved surfaces. From his treatise Sphaerica to the elegant power of Menelaus’s Theorem, discover how this quiet figure of ancient Alexandria helped shape spherical geometry, astronomy, and the trigonometry still used in navigation, GPS, and astronomy today.

The music was:

"Danse Macabre - Finale"
Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)
Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

Key...

In this one-to-one edition of The Mathematicians Podcast, part of our Injectives subseries, host Benjamin Cornish sits down with philosopher, peace theorist, and long-time educator Dr Thomas Daffern to explore the deep and often surprising intersections between mathematics and religion.

Together, they trace the parallel histories of mystical belief and mathematical thought, from the temples of ancient Egypt and the philosophies of Greece to the shifting theological landscapes leading up to the Islamic Golden Age. Why were certain numbers considered sacred? Was ancient religion a catalyst for mathematical inquiry; or was it the other way around? And...

In this one-to-one edition of The Mathematicians Podcast, part of our Injectives subseries, host Benjamin Cornish sits down with philosopher, peace theorist, and long-time educator Dr Thomas Daffern to explore the deep and often surprising intersections between mathematics and religion.

Together, they trace the parallel histories of mystical belief and mathematical thought, from the temples of ancient Egypt and the philosophies of Greece to the shifting theological landscapes leading up to the Islamic Golden Age. Why were certain numbers considered sacred? Was ancient religion a catalyst for mathematical inquiry; or was it the other way around? And...

This week, Benjamin Cornish invites you to step into the steam-powered sandals of Hero of Alexandria—the ancient world’s most enthusiastic gadgeteer. Was he a mathematician? An engineer? A magician in a toga? Yes. Yes. And absolutely yes. From vending machines that accepted drachmas to the first recorded steam engine (that did absolutely nothing useful), Hero turned math into motion and geometry into gears.

Join us as we unpack Hero’s life in the shadow of Archimedes, his flair for theatrical automation, and his deeply satisfying triangle-area formula that has saved generations of students from drawing imposs...

In this episode of The Mathematicians Podcast, Benjamin Cornish dives into the life and legacy of Hipparchus, the Greek thinker who gave us trigonometry, mapped the stars, and even invented tools to measure the heavens. 

From creating the first star catalog and predicting eclipses to introducing spherical projections and the chord table, Hipparchus wasn’t just stargazing, he was shaping the future of science. We’ll explore his inventions, his obsession with accuracy, and why Greenland is not as big as your world map told you. 

Perfect for maths enthusiasts, history lovers, and anyone curious about...

This week on The Mathematicians Podcast, Benjamin Cornish presents a double bill of underappreciated thinkers from the back shelves of Greek geometry: Dionysodorus of Amisus and Hypsicles of Alexandria in an episode that's part mathematical history, part cubic conundrum, part "wait, he also did astronomy?"

We begin with Dionysodorus, who solved the doubling of the cube problem the way most of us try to solve awkward social encounters: by introducing a few curves. Using a hyperbola and a parabola, he cracked a cubic equation long before Cardano showed up with his pen and existential dread. Along the...

This week on The Mathematicians Podcast, Benjamin Cornish reflects on a tragic bagel incident, files an HR complaint, and somehow ends up discussing the mathematics of toroidal cross-sections. Join us as we explore the life and work of Perseus the quietly brilliant 2nd-century BCE mathematician who gave us spiric sections. We slice through geometry, history, and a bit too much cream cheese, uncovering how one man's fascination with intersecting bagels helped shape the maths behind modern physics, computer graphics, and breakfast regret.

#SpiricSections #MathsHistory #Torus #AncientMath #MathsPodcast #PerseusTheMathematician #TorusTalk #BagelMaths  #MathsIsEverywhere #HistoryOfMaths #NonConicCurves #MathsWithFlair #HellenisticGeometry #Ma...

In this episode of The Mathematicians Podcast, Benjamin Cornish turns his attention to Apollonius of Perga—the ancient Greek mathematician whose work on conic sections shaped the way we understand curves, orbits, and even space travel.

We explore Apollonius' life, his lesser-known contributions beyond geometry, and the deep mathematical ideas that earned him the nickname "The Great Geometer." From the invention of the terms ellipse, parabola, and hyperbola, to the legendary Apollonius Problem—a deceptively simple tangency puzzle with lasting implications—we trace his influence through history and into the modern age.

Perfect for students, teache...

What do ancient logic, Stoic philosophy, and paradoxes have in common? Chrysippus of Soli. In this episode, Ben Cornish explores how Chrysippus revolutionised logic and gave Stoicism its rational backbone. Discover his pioneering work in propositional logic, his take on fate and free will, and why his ideas still matter today.

#MathematicalLogic #PropositionalLogic #StoicMathematics #Chrysippus #FormalLogic #HistoryOfMaths #AncientMathematics #LogicalReasoning #PhilosophyOfMaths #MathematicsPodcast #TheMathematiciansPodcast

In this episode of The Mathematicians Podcast, host Benjamin Cornish paddles upstream—literally and figuratively—to explore the remarkable life and ideas of Eratosthenes of Cyrene, the polymath who measured the Earth with astonishing precision and devised one of the most famous algorithms in history: the Sieve of Eratosthenes.

In the show today

How Eratosthenes measured Earth’s circumference over 2,000 years ago

The ingenious method behind the Sieve of Eratosthenes and why it still matters in modern computing

His groundbreaking work in geography, including latitude, longitude, and early ideas of a spheri...

Grab your ventriloquist dummies and your gimbles, as we catapult ourselves into a story about the worlds first mathematical engineer. If you thought Leonardo Da Vinci was pretty metal, well you're about to meet the 'wood and papyrus' version. It's Philo of Byzantium.

In an exciting new segment of the 'Episode Show Notes', may I present an unappealing list of hashtags for the Search Engine Optimisation:

#MathHistory #MathsHistory
#AncientMath #AncientMaths
#PhiloOfByzantium
#GreekMathematics
#HistoryOfMath #HistoryOfMaths
#AncientScience
#EngineeringHistory
#ByzantineScience
#MathematicalHeritage
#SciencePodcast
#MathPodcast #MathsPodcast
#AncientEngineers

In this week's episode we look at the life an works of the Great Archimedes. A man who was so much more than what we all think, and we all think quite highly of him. But let's look behind the claw, the screw and the lever and find out who was the mathematician behind the engineer.

You can also find my debut YouTube video about the Quadrature of the Parabola here: @Un-Applied-Maths

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCG-SNPXWN-Q3YxLp_R

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCG-SNPXWN-Q3YxLp_RiDaAQ

...

This week we look at a man who looked at the moon whilst it looked at the sun and thought: "Gosh, that looks far away".

But how far away is the sun, really. Or the better question would be: "How far away are we?"

Let's find out as we measure the life and works of Aristarchus of Samos. The second greatest Samos-ian that we have covered so far.

The music was: 

"Danse Macabre - Finale"
Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)
Licensed under Creative Commons: By A...

This episode has been a real favourite of mine to record - I sit down with the co-creator of www.euclidea.xyz to ask all of my puzzling questions on how the game was developed, the inspiration behind the puzzles and the role of Euclidean geometry in today's world. 

Further reading for some of the referenced papers: 

https://arxiv.org/abs/1709.02562

https://www.cut-the-knot.org/triangle/TriangleFromBisectors.shtml

The music was:

"Danse Macabre - Finale"
Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)
Licensed under Creative Commons: By A...

This week: The big cheese. It's Euclid time. Come with me on a journey through his optics, astronomy and or course the elements - a week of exceptionally good maths.

The Music was:

"Danse Macabre - Finale"
Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)
Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/