PMHNP Certification Q & A

A 14-year-old patient is being managed for generalized anxiety disorder and has been responding well to fluoxetine. However, both the patient and his mother report that he has chronic difficulty falling asleep. He denies any racing thoughts at bedtime; he just cannot seem to fall asleep. His mother has been giving him melatonin gummies purchased over the counter from the pharmacy and reports that there is some improvement but would like to know what else can be done. 

The PMHNP advises which of the following interventions that are recommended for adolescent insomnia? Choose all that apply. 

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A 5-year-old child is accompanied by the foster mother for evaluation of behavioral problems. The foster mother is experienced and has been very successful with children, but this child is very concerning. He has frequent, unexpected episodes of mood and reaction extremes including irritability, sadness, and fearfulness that are disproportionate to the situation. Suspecting reactive attachment disorder, the PMHNP anticipates which of the following to be reported by the foster mother? 

A. Failure to seek or respond to comfort when distressed 

B. Atypical dependency on toys and items that provide comfort 

C. Early toi...

Jennifer is a 27-year-old female who has been in psychiatric care for several months for a diagnosis of bipolar disorder. She has not responded to three different pharmacotherapeutic approaches and as a result she is now being evaluated by a new PMHNP provider.  She maintains that she has always taken all medications as prescribed but all they do is make her tired. Further she is emphatic that the last provider “did not know what he was doing” but she has heard that the new NP is “really great” and so she is very hopeful. Jennifer further states that she “really need...

A patient is mandated to care by court for evaluation and treatment of substance use disorder. He has a history of polysubstance abuse including ETOH, benzodiazepines, and marijuana. He is very resistant to the interview, sits with arms crossed, avoids eye contact, and only offers minimal verbal responses.  The PMHNP asks the patient why he doesn’t want to talk about why he is there. The patient responds, “You are just going judge me and blame me, what’s the point?” 

The PMHNP recognizes that this is likely: 

A. Passive-aggressive behavior 

B. Transference

C. Spli...

A 39-year-old male patient presents asking for pharmacotherapy to help with difficulty falling asleep. He denies any psychiatric history and is in good health. He is currently struggling with sleep because he is going through a difficult divorce and while he acknowledges that he has to work through it, the difficulty sleeping is so profound right now that it is making it difficult for him to be effective at work. The patient agrees to have an evaluation with a therapist, and the PMHNP agrees to short-term pharmacotherapy with trazodone. 

What is the most important aspect of patient e...

The PMHNP has assumed care of a 32-year-old patient who is being managed for opioid use disorder with buprenorphine-naloxone 8.2 mg films t.i.d.  The patient’s previous provider has moved out of state and no records are immediately available, the only information available is from the prescription monitoring program. The patient request to be treated with a buprenorphine-only formulation because he says that the he is allergic to naloxone. The NP considers which of the following? Choose all that apply. 

A. Naloxone allergy is extremely rare and more likely any adverse reaction was due to precipitated opio...

A 27-year-old female patient presents for a follow-up appointment for generalized anxiety disorder. She has a complex history including polysubstance use disorder and borderline personality disorder, but she had been doing well. She achieved remission of her symptoms over one year ago and has been well managed on escitalopram 10 mg daily. She has been substance free for over one year, and is in therapy for her personality disorder. Today she is not feeling well. She reports some major psychosocial stressors and a brief substance relapse, but she stopped using all substances 2 days ago.  

The PMHNP notes a p...

The PMHNP is managing a patient of Chinese ancestry with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder. The patient is currently experiencing some symptoms consistent with an early manic episode. 

When considering prescribing carbamazepine, the NP considers that this patient is at particular risk for which of the following adverse effects? 

A. Drug-induced hepatitis 

B. Pancreatitis 

C. Hypothyroidism 

D. Toxic epidermal necrolysis

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YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5MaExNnaFDM&list=PLf0PFEPBXfq5HGfNV-GbOlYHtDwd35OeG&index=121

The PMHNP is called to the emergency department to evaluate a patient with an acute onset mental status change. The patient has a long history of schizophrenia and has been managed on a variety of antipsychotic therapies that have had some success, but the patient has not ever really achieved goal remission.  Most recently he was started on a first generation antipsychotic along with benztropine (Cogentin). Today the patient is in the ED with confusion and muscle stiffness. 

Which of the following represents anticipated vital signs?

A. T 103.5o F, P 54 bpm, RR 24 bpm, BP 150/100 mm...

The PMHNP is evaluating a 73-year-old patient who has just been discharged from the hospital after being treated for a urinary tract infection with associated delirium. She has a baseline major neurocognitive disorder and the spouse has been told in the past that the patient cannot take antipsychotics. However, while she was hospitalized she was given an antipsychotic for delirium and it seemed to help a lot. The spouse wants to know why the patient cannot take an antipsychotic for her chronic behavioral symptoms. 

The PMHNP knows that the patient most likely has which underlying cause of m...

A 3-year-old child is being seen because the daycare facility staff have suggested to the parents that the child is having difficulty interacting with other children. Additionally, the staff have observed that when the child seems to become anxious or upset, he always becomes fixated on stacking building blocks one on top of the other to the extent that he will not acknowledge anyone or anything else. 

When the parents ask if their child has autism spectrum disorder (ASD), the PMHNP advises the parents that: 

A. The repetitive and predictable nature of stacking blocks is ca...

The PMHNP is performing a new patient assessment on a 41-year-old patient referred from primary care for depressive disorder refractory to SSRIs. During the mental status examination, the patient is unable to successfully perform a serial 7’s backward count. The NP documents an abnormal finding in the area of: 

A. Speech 

B. Thought process 

C. Judgment 

D. Cognition

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YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uQYdcEqFBLc&list=PLf0PFEPBXfq5HGfNV-GbOlYHtDwd35OeG&index=117

Patients with a deficit in one of six neurocognitive domains to the extent that it represents a deterioration of function from their baseline and makes it impossible for them to live independently are diagnosed with major neurocognitive disorder. 

Which of the following is not one of the six neurocognitive domains? 

A. Learning and memory 

B. Language 

C. Perceptual motor 

D. Cognition and emotion

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YouTube:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b9166JUmJLg&list=PLf0PFEPBXfq5HGfNV-GbOlYHtDwd35OeG&index=116

The PMHNP is evaluating a new patient who has been referred by his employer for evaluation.  His supervisor is concerned about his mental health and his safety. The NP evaluates the patient and does not find criteria consistent with major depressive disorder, but identifies which of the following as particularly concerning for risk of suicide? 

A. Anhedonia 

B. Hopelessness

C. Depressed mood 

D. Weight loss 

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YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sNlBelJr92M&list=PLf0PFEPBXfq5HGfNV-GbOlYHtDwd35OeG&index=115

The PMHNP is called to consult on a patient in the emergency department who has been admitted following a traumatic motor vehicle/pedestrian accident. He was walking across the street when a speeding driver crashed into him at high speed. The patient remarkably does not have serious injuries, the staff noted that he seemed a bit “odd” and decided to call for a mental health consult.  The patient lives alone, has no close friends or family members to call, and appears disinterested in any discussion of interpersonal relationships. 

The PMHNP recognizes that the most appropriate approach to this p...

Which of the following laboratory abnormalities is not consistent with a female patient who drinks more than 3 alcoholic drinks daily? 

A. Elevated high density lipoprotein

B. Elevated macrocytosis 

C. Elevated transaminases

D. Elevated triglycerides

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YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XL6auWRfup8&list=PLf0PFEPBXfq5HGfNV-GbOlYHtDwd35OeG&index=113

The PMHNP is counseling a patient who wants to enter treatment for a substance use disorder. The patient has been using methamphetamine for over one year and freely acknowledges how much he likes the way it makes him feel. However, he is realizing that it is destroying his marriage, his professional reputation, and his health. He genuinely wants to stop using it, and is willing to do whatever he has to do, but admit that he has tried twice before and relapsed. Both he and his significant other do not understand why the desire to use is so powerful...

When managing a patient in the stabilization phase of schizophrenia primary goals and process include which of the following? 

A. Self-management skills 

B. Supported employment 

C. Assertive community treatment 

D. Minimizing stress and supporting recovery

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YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3CM5_CTX69U&list=PLf0PFEPBXfq5HGfNV-GbOlYHtDwd35OeG&index=111

A 50 -year-old female patient has been followed by the PMHNP for over 6 years for a diagnosis of major depressive disorder, recurrent. The patient has achieved a successful remission on sertraline, 75 mg daily.  Today presents complaining of an acute onset depressed mood, tearful days, and difficulty concentrating for the last month. It has become a problem at work, and her boss has suggested that she might need to take some time off to “take care of her problem.”  Further discussion reveals that the patient learned last month that her husband is having an affair with a coworker.  She is so distrau...

A 48-year-old patient who reports a diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder has transferred to your care after moving from out of state. You are unable to obtain medical records and must rely on the patient for information. During the initial appointment the patient says reports a very stressful home life. She has a school-aged daughter with severe chronic illness who requires 24-7 total care, as well as some other stressors related to her other children and finances. The patient says that for several years she has been in exposure-response therapy with intermittent, inconsistent improvement, and took fluvoxamine 300 mg daily which...

A patient with bipolar I disorder is currently being managed with lithium, 60 mg q.h.s. along with quetiapine 300 mg daily. The patient presents today for follow-up and reports that her mood has been very stable. Her work as a pastry chef has been really stressful around the holiday season, but she has handled it well and has no concerns about any mood deviations, either manic or depressive. She is sleeping approximately 7 hours nightly. Her last blood work was 7 months ago, and at the time there were no alarm findings in her lithium level, renal function tests, TSH, or...

A 27-year-old patient presents for evaluation at the suggestion of his intimate partner who thinks he might have depression. During the initial evaluation the patient admits that he is often “down,” has a really hard time feeling happy even when really good things happen. He denies any particular precipitating factor and in retrospect thinks he has been like this for “years.” He denies any difficulty sleeping, although says he never really wakes up feeling “well-rested and ready to go.” His appetite is fine, he denies any thoughts of death, suicide or self-harm, and denies a sense of hopelessness about life. 

The PMHNP is seeing a patient who has been struggling with a collection of anxiety and depressive symptoms. She is resistant to pharmacotherapy and prefers to begin with a psychotherapy approach. As it turns out, the primary source of her symptoms is that she is married to a spouse in the military and has had to move thousands of miles from home, friends and family. 

An attempt to implement solution-focused therapy would include which of the following techniques? 

A. Motivational interviewing 

B. Cognitive restructuring 

C. Social skills training 

D. The m...

The PMHNP is interviewing a new patient, a 32-year-old single female who is presenting for evaluation of underlying anxiety. While collecting a social history the PMNP asks the patient if she has a boyfriend. The patient is uncomfortable with the question as she is lesbian and is now afraid that the PMHNP will not treat her fairly and with dignity. 

The PMHNP is most likely demonstrating which of the following? 

A. An appropriate approach to collecting social history

B.  A manifestation of implicit bias

C. An overt implementation of her value sys...

A 64-year-old patient presents with new onset anxiety. She denies any history of anxiety disorder or any psychiatric disorder previously in her life, but for the last 9 months she has been having episodes that she describes as “attacks.” Out of the blue she will develop a sense of racing heart, hyperventilation, numbness and tingling in her arms, and feeling lightheaded. She worries about this a lot, and now worries virtually all the time about why this is happening. It is causing difficulty with sleeping, and she finds herself being very irritable at home and at work. 

These episo...

The dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia postulates an abnormality in which of the following dopamine pathway as the etiology of symptoms?  Select all that apply. 

A. The mesolimbic pathway

B. The mesocortical pathway

C. The nigrostriatal pathway 

D. The tuberoinfundibular pathway 

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YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oQ42kYfwJU4&list=PLf0PFEPBXfq5HGfNV-GbOlYHtDwd35OeG&index=103

The PMHNP is seeing a patient who presents with a chief complaint of feeling depressed. Further exploration reveals that while the patient does have several symptoms of a depressive episode, he does not quite meet criteria for any of the commonly encountered depressive disorders. The primary issue seems to center around the fact that the client feels as if his life has no meaning. He says he gets up, he gets dressed, goes to work, pays the bills, does all of the things he is supposed to do in life, but he struggles with the question, “what is the po...

The PMHNP is evaluating a 69-year-old patient who has self-referred for evaluation. The patient retired from his professional role as a CEO from a major fortune 500 company 8 months ago and admits that he feels himself sinking into an uncharacteristic depression. For most of his life he has been a high-achiever, and he retired 8 months ago with the intention of enjoying the wealth he worked so hard to build. While he did take some big trips and had a lot of fun at first, now he feels oddly empty and for no good reason feels himself sinking into depression. 

Which of the following medical conditions should be considered when a patient presents complaining of new onset  episodes of anxiety-like symptoms including hypervigilance, tremulousness, tachycardia, and palpitations? 

A. Hypothyroidism

B. Insulinoma

C. Anemia 

D. Hepatitis 

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YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PgcoKYwUNMo&list=PLf0PFEPBXfq5HGfNV-GbOlYHtDwd35OeG&index=100

A PMHNP partners with a local women’s health practice to develop a program to screen pregnant women for depression in an effort to identify patients at high risk for post-partum depression and institute treatment as appropriate. This is an example of which level of prevention? 

A. Primary prevention 

B. Secondary prevention

C. Tertiary prevention 

D. Collaborative prevention

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YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QtlF5hZ5e0U&list=PLf0PFEPBXfq5HGfNV-GbOlYHtDwd35OeG&index=100

The PMHNP is evaluating a patient who has presented for care repeatedly reporting that she is bipolar and has manic episodes. She has been medicated in the past with a number of mood stabilizers without any meaningful improvement. Today a more detailed history reports that what she is calling manic episodes are actually periods of dramatic responses to stressors. When she argues with her significant other, her mother, and even people at work she becomes very animated. In response to stressors she is very dramatic and defensive, will react in an erratic fashion, but then often within hours goes...

A 67-year-old female is being evaluated for complaints of depression. She has always struggled with times where she was down but never liked taking medication and has tried to treat herself with nutraceuticals. Her symptoms have gotten much worse lately because her husband died and she is struggling with that. She has been seeing a therapist for the last few months but is not feeling any real improvement.

When considering pharmacotherapy for her, which of the following medications should be avoided? 

A. Sertraline (Zoloft) 

B. Bupropion (Wellbutrin) 

C. Escitalopram (Lexapro) 

D...

The PMHNP is evaluating a family at the request of county social services. A mother, father, 8-year-old and 2-year-old are present for the evaluation. The NP notes that the 2-year-old clings excessively to the parents, despite the fact that the parents do not seem to be particularly responsive to the child’s caution.  The 2-year-old does not exhibit typical curiosity about his new environment and does not express any curiosity about the PMHNP. 

These behaviors are consistent with:

A. Separation anxiety disorder 

B. Normal behavior

C. Autism spectrum disorder. 

D. Ins...

A 78-year-old man presents for a follow-up visit. Two months ago he was started on sertraline  for major depressive disorder and has been titrated up to 100 mg daily. Today his daughter reports that she cannot really evaluate if his mood has improved because he seems to have become confused. The patient’s daughter reports a distinct new onset confusion and forgetfulness. 

The PMHNP considers the most likely cause of his confusion to be: 

A. Urinary tract infection. 

B. Hyponatremia

C. Alzheimer’s disease 

D. Depression 

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Cognitive assessment in children characterizes stages of development consistent with Piaget’s developmental theory. One of the cognitive principles typically developed during the sensorimotor stage is: 

A. Object permanence

B. Animalistic thinking

C. Phenomenalistic causality 

D. Learning without reasoning. 

YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AIZ5H14yUqI&list=PLf0PFEPBXfq5HGfNV-GbOlYHtDwd35OeG&index=94

A 12-year-old patient is being seen today in follow-up after being started on fluoxetine 1 month ago for a diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder.  The patient and her father both report that while there does appear to be a mild improvement in anxiety, some adverse effects have developed about which they are concerned. 

Which of the following is not an expected adverse effect and is a cause for concern?  

A. Vivid nightmares 

B. Diaphoresis 

C. Restless legs 

D. Impulsivity

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YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6onR...

The PMHNP is evaluating a patient who presents complaining of panic attacks that occur for no identifiable reason. The patients has been treated for these previously with a variety of pharmacotherapies that did not provide any meaningful improvement. Upon further conversation, the NP learns that the patient experienced a near-fatal bicycle accident  4 years ago after being hit by a car. 

When considering a diagnosis of PTSD, the NP explores his history for all of the following diagnostic criteria except: 

A. Intrusion symptoms. 

B. Angry outbursts. 

C. Negative cognition 

D. Avoida...

J.B. is a 41-year-old female patient who is being managed for obsessive compulsive disorder. She has been in exposure response therapy (ERT) for several months with marginal improvement, but she has never approached true remission. At one time she was on fluvoxamine with notable improvement, but after a few months it ceased to produce any notable impact and after conferring with her therapist she was converted to fluoxetine 20 mg qd. After two months she was still struggling with symptoms, so two months ago her dose was increased to 40 mg qd. Today she presents for follow-up, reporting no notable...

The PMHNP is evaluating a patient with significant anxiety and depressive symptoms. In the course of the evaluation the NP further appreciates that the patient is having hypnopompic hallucinations, and that the patient is very concerned about this because his uncle has schizophrenia. 

The PMHNP advises the patient that: 

A. There are a variety of pharmacologic options that can be helpful. 

B. The hallucinations are benign and not a cause for concern.

C. There is no need for intervention unless they are accompanied by sleep paralysis.

D. The sensory sys...

A.J. is an 8-year-old male who is under the care of the PMHNP for ADHD.  His symptoms are profound, and the recommendation is to begin psychostimulant therapy along with behavioral therapy.  The parents are concerned because they have read that psychostimulant therapy can impact growth and final adult height if the child starts taking it before the growth spurt of adolescence.

The most appropriate response to the parents is to say that: 

A. The impact on growth can be minimized by taking breaks from the medication on weekends and over the summer

B...