Ag Geek Speak

We sit down with Chris Sherman of Tech Support Farm to explore how cybercrime targets modern agriculture and what practical steps protect farms and agribusinesses from losses. From avoiding spoofed invoices to equipment lockouts, we share simple defenses any grower, consultant, or retailer can start today.

In this epsiode, we discuss with Chris

• why agriculture is a prime target for cybercrime
• social engineering that targets busy planting and harvest seasons
• real cases of spoofed invoices and wire fraud
• risks in connected equipment and robotics
• password best practicesand password managers
• consumer email vs com...

Sarah and Jodi discuss NAIP aerial imagery and why this high-resolution imagery is invaluable for precision agriculture work in the United States. They share workflows for validating zones, aligning layers, and spotting year-over-year patterns while noting timing pitfalls, thanks to NAIP imagery as a background source.

In this episode, we discuss...

• what NAIP is and who collects it
• benefits of high resolution often associated with newer NAIP imagery
• four-band imagery (RGB with NIR) enabling NDVI
• leaf-on timing and when imagery misleads
• state-by-state differences in resolution and frequency
• FSA and CLU uses that en...

We talk with Matt Krueger about his field-level view of autonomous tillage with a 9R series John Deere tractor, from kit installation to dust-driven safety stops, and how better boundaries and AutoPath boost both uptime and data quality. Matt's story centers on labor flexibility, real costs, and where autonomy should expand next.

In this special hour-long episode we talk:
• autonomy kit details, JDLink Boost connectivity, dual receivers
• autonomy-grade boundaries and safe offsets near obstacles
• dust sensitivity, camera logic, alerts and overrides
• AutoPath benefits for cleaner headlands and data integrity
• remote control of depth, pre...

We dig into why low (acidic) soil pH unlocks aluminum toxicity, how that halts root growth, and which crops suffer first. Then we lay out a practical plan to find acidic patches with smarter sampling, NDVI, and grid-the-zone strategies, and point to lime and buffer pH for the fix.

In this episode, we discuss...
• soil pH as chemical control and pH level of 7 is neutral
• aluminum toxicity risk to crops increases below 6.5 pH 
• wheat relatively tolerant, legumes struggle with nodulation 
• stunted roots and thin stands on slopes and sandier spots 
• acidic areas are patchy an...

Welcome back to the second part of our conversation with Preston Sundeen to explore how a two-year ag program prepares students for precision agriculture careers by building real-world skills across hardware, software, GIS, and agronomy. Sundeen's focus is practical confidence: clean data, sound troubleshooting, critical thinking, and learning to ask better questions.
 

We also talk about...

• defining precision ag as practical, cross-disciplinary work
 • balancing agronomy, GIS, hardware and software fundamentals
 • building file discipline, projections and boundary workflows
 • sourcing NAIP, PLSS, and satellite imagery effectively
 • controller setup, CAN bus basics and diagnostics

We unpack why soybean leaves turn yellow in patches, thanks to soybean IDC (iron deficiency chlorosis) and how to predict IDC risk for management. We share the exact soil tests that matter, how to read the lab results, and where precision mapping saves money and yield thanks to IDC management.

We also discuss...

• defining iron chlorosis
• why iron-rich soils still cause deficiency
• limits of testing for DTPA iron alone
• three key predictors: pH, EC (salts), and CCE (calcium carbonate equivalent)
• why percent CCE beats a simple fizz rating
• thresholds where CCE raises s...

We sit down with Preston Sundean to trace a path from farm kid to precision ag educator and entrepreneur. We dig into teaching ADMS, turning data into fast prescriptions, and why critical thinking matters more than button sequences.

In this episode we discuss...
• Preston's North Dakota farm roots and agribusiness training
• Career moves from ag retail to precision ag education
• COVID pivot into entrepreneurship and insurance
• Running a classroom like a workplace
• The ADMS learning curve and teaching methods
• Turning soil tests into fertilizer prescriptions fast
• Wireless data transfer and mobile office...

We break down what “salty soil” really means and why salinity and sodicity demand different fixes. We share how to properly diagnose a soil as saline, sodic, or saline/sodic through soil sampling and testing, to avoid turning a manageable patch into concrete.

We also discuss....
• defining normal, saline, sodic, saline-sodic with soil test EC and sodium results
• why salinity causes drought-like stress without wrecking structure
• how sodicity drives clay dispersion and pore collapse
• when salts keep clays flocculated in saline-sodic soils
• risks of leaching or tiling without a sodicity management pla...

We map residual herbicide rates with field truth, not guesses, turning five-zone soil maps into targeted prescriptions that cut injury and hit weed spawn sites. We weigh OM, pH, texture, and landscape to protect sensitive crops now and keep rotations flexible next year.

In this episode we discuss...

• base maps from precision soil sampling and scouting knowledge
• modded zones for unique poor areas and weed hotspots
• organic matter, carbonate, and color as soil clues, not absolutes
• extreme pH swings shaping efficacy, injury, and carryover
• decision framework from damage mitigation to suppression
• vari...

We unpack why liquid fertilizer math trips people up and discuss how to figure out how to determine pounds of fertilizer in a liquid fertilizer. We talk real examples and show how small liquid fertilizer densities can drastically affect starter outcomes, especially in cold soils.

In this Tiny Bytes, we talk

• the dry vs liquid mindset shift 
• how density changes gallons into pounds 
• where to find pounds per gallon on fertilizer labels 
• comparing phosphorus from 10-34-0 and 6-24-6 
• implications for starter fertilizer in cold springs 
• simple rules to avoid under or ov...

We sit down (again) with Kyle Okke of Agile Agronomy and explore how to make variable-rate residual herbicides actually work, from nozzle physics to dual-tank setups, and why agronomy must lead every tech decision. We also talk PWM (pulse width modulation), drift control, and mapping weed hot spots for smarter applications.

Additionally...
• Limits of conventional pressure-based rate changes
• Why droplet size, pattern, and drift control matter
• PWM and duty cycle basics
• Turn compensation for consistent coverage
• Mixing residuals with post products without losing efficacy
• DIect injection timing challenges at boom length<...

We unpack why “precision composite soil sampling” isn’t a contradiction and show how GPS-marked points turn an old method into a reliable trend tool. We cover workflows, gear, timing, and when shifting results should push you toward zones.

In this episode we discuss 

• Pre‑GPS composite sampling and its limits
• Marking exact GPS points for repeatability
• Keeping post‑harvest or spring timing consistent
• Tracking year‑over‑year P, K and pH trends
• When composites signal a move to zones
• Benchmarks versus wider composite coverage
• Core counts for quarters and half sections
• Gear...

We explore using precision agriculture to variable-rate apply residual herbicides using soil-driven maps to reduce crop injury on sensitive zones while maintaining strong weed control. Kyle Okke joins us to explain why OM, pH, and texture can set the rate and how sprayer mechanics affect success.

In this episode, we discuss

• Specialty crops that rely on pre-emerge residuals
• Resistant weeds driving need for fall residual applications
• Soil variability across landscape positions
• Reading labels and guidance on applications based on soil OM, pH and texture
• Diagnosing sunflower and pea herbicide injury patterns
• Pre...

We break down soil orders like a field guide, linking what you see in a soil profile to how soils behave and how to manage them. From prairie-black mollisols to red-dirt ultisols, we share traits, regions, and practical tips growers can use today.

• soil taxonomy as a practical framework
• mollisols and their dark, organic-rich surface
• vertisols with shrink–swell clays and timing risks
• spodosols in conifer forests with leached E horizons
• alfisols, clay accumulation, and hardpan concerns
• histosols in peat bogs with high organic matter
• ultisols in the South, iron oxides, and low-activity...

Catch the first part of this episode here: https://www.buzzsprout.com/2297340/episodes/17664422

In part two of introducing Surface Shaping, Kelly walks us through how to turn a watershed map into a buildable surface shaping plan that automatically controls a scraper. Kelly also shares the ADMS tools, soil insights, controller details, and timing tips that make smarter water movement practical and profitable.

• farmer input on outlets, trouble spots, directionality will be important
• ADMS Surface Shaping tools: build wall, cut‑fill hills, morph
• logistics of dirt sourcing and yardage
• fill percentage to counter soil settl...

Matt Kruger joins us to share the fascinating story of creating the world's largest corn maze spanning 121 acres with over 20 miles of pathways using precision agriculture technology. We explore how advanced planting techniques, boundary files, and ADMS technology transformed a traditional corn maze operation into a record-breaking agricultural attraction.

• Valley Corn Maize east of East Grand Forks, MN opens August 23rd through October 19th, celebrating its 10th year of operation
• The main maze covers 121 acres with five different difficulty levels and pathways totaling over 20 miles
• Matt used ADMS software, JD Operations Center, and John Deere planti...

GK Technology introduces Surface Shaping and SD Surface (in conjunction with Rust Sales) which offers land managers an innovative approach to field design. Surface Shaping allows for advanced drainage design, giving farmers the ability to design intentional water flow and directionality, above and beyond normal ditching and "land leveling." Kelly Sharpe explains how this new technology preserves valuable topsoil while eliminating problematic water-holding areas through advanced design and precision implementation.

• Surface Shaping differs from land leveling by focusing on water direction rather than just creating flat surfaces
• Surface maps are created within ADMS, producing cut/fill maps...

Soil is more than just what we see on the surface, on average consisting of 45% mineral components, 5% organic matter, 25% water, and 25% air, with bulk density measuring how much dry soil weighs per volume. 

• Bulk density indicates the space available in soil for air and water
• Sandy soils counterintuitively have higher bulk density than clay soils
• Clay soils typically contain more organic matter which contributes to greater pore spaces
• Bulk density increases as you go deeper into the soil profile
• Tillage initially reduces bulk density but destroys aggregate structure
• No-till transitions require time for new aggre...

Sarah and Jodi continue their conversation about common precision agriculture issues encountered during spring planting, focusing on field boundaries, controller settings, and troubleshooting variable rate applications.

• Field boundaries matter critically for prescription applications – without proper mapping, sections of equipment may shut off unexpectedly
• Prairie Pothole regions require special boundary considerations since water levels change frequently
• Use buffer tools to expand tight boundaries and prevent equipment sections from shutting off at field edges
• Out-of-boundary rates must be set in controllers, not prescriptions, since prescriptions only work with GPS coordinates
• Controllers need specific settings for GPS signal l...

NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetative Index) helps farmers detect how green and/or productive different areas of their fields are by measuring the ratio of near-infrared to red light reflected from plant canopies. This technology creates reliable productivity zone maps when analyzed consistently over multiple growing seasons, enabling targeted input management across variable field conditions.

In this Tiny Byte Sarah and Jodi cover:
• NDVI measures plant canopy density by comparing near-infrared light reflection to red light absorption
• Chlorophyll absorbs visible light while plant cell structures reflect near-infrared light
• NDVI values range from -1 to 1 (or ~0-100 i...

Sarah and Jodi reflect on the fast-paced spring planting season of 2025, sharing their experiences supporting customers with ADMS software and troubleshooting common prescription issues while managing rapidly changing field conditions.

Situations and questions they cover: 
• When to dissolve prescriptions during the export process to optimize controller compatibility
• Understanding the difference between hard breaks and interpolation in prescription maps
• Why you should never dissolve a fully interpolated map without applying rate increments first
• How controller limitations affect prescription exports and formatting requirements
• The importance of creating test prescriptions before heading to the field

Using the correct UTM (Universal Transverse Mercator) zone is crucial when working with GIS data mapped to a UTM zone. We explain how projections work to translate locations from Earth's spherical surface to flat maps, and why UTM zones are critical for accurate agricultural mapping.

• UTM divides Earth into 60 zones, each six degrees of longitude wide
• UTM choice errors cause maps to appear in completely wrong locations, like oceans
• Creating maps in the wrong UTM zone leads to unusable prescriptions for field operations
• Maps created in one UTM zone but opened in another will show inc...

Travis Yeik joins us for part two of our deep dive into the interaction of artificial intelligence and humans in agriculture, exploring current applications and future possibilities of this transformative technology in farming.

We chat about... 

• Weather forecasting is already utilizing AI to provide crucial planning information to farmers
• Precision agriculture applications include weed identification, disease monitoring, and targeted spraying
• Livestock operations benefit from AI monitoring of animal health, feed consumption, and production metrics
• Irrigation management systems use AI to optimize water usage and placement
• Biogenetics represents a revolutiona...

Precision agriculture focuses on treating different parts of a field according to their unique yield potential instead of applying the same approach everywhere. Variable rate applications start with establishing realistic yield goals for different areas within a field based on their consistent performance patterns.

In this episode, Sarah and Jodi discuss:

• Using historical yield data to determine which areas consistently yield higher or lower
• Combining yield history with grid soil sampling data to create targeted fertilizer applications
• Assigning variable rate yield goals by zone when managing variability
• Being realistic about lo...

We explore the future of human decision-making in precision agriculture and the role artificial intelligence might play in supporting – not replacing – farmers.

• Travis Yeik brings unique perspective from his background in farming, agronomy, and software development
• AI has existed since the 1950s but recent advances in computing power and algorithms have accelerated development
• Farmers must make complex decisions integrating agronomy, mechanics, business, finance and weather variables
• Current AI excels at specific tasks but cannot integrate all the complex knowledge domains needed for comprehensive farm management
• The true potential of AI is as a decision-suppo...

We tackle a common technical prescription writing question in this Tiny Byte: what does it mean to place a prescription on the root of a drive and why does it matter. Understanding this simple concept can solve many frustrating issues when loading prescriptions onto different monitors.

• The "root" of a drive is the main directory—the blank space you see when first opening the drive
• Different farm equipment requires prescription files in specific locations
•  Page 203 of the 2025 ADMS User Manual lists out where prescriptions need to be saved on different monitors
• Some monitors require files direc...

Hudson Fuller, computer scientist and GK Technologies' newest software developer, discusses the upcoming ADMS software updates and his agricultural background while sharing insights into his current projects and future aspirations.

• Working on transitioning ADMS to the new .NET framework after Microsoft's discontinuation of the current framework
• Emphasizes that users will notice minimal differences with the update, possibly just crisper-looking buttons
• Explains the importance of diverse bug testing as programmers tend to test consistently while users interact with software unpredictably
• Began his agricultural journey at age three showing Baby Doll Southdown sheep at the Watertown Farm Sho...

We explore the fundamentals of digital storage and how it powers precision agriculture, covering basic bytes to the massive petabyte servers at GK Technology that store agricultural imagery and data.

• A byte equals eight binary bits and typically represents a single character or piece of data in computer language
• Digital storage units progress from kilobytes (thousand) to megabytes (million) to gigabytes (billion) to terabytes (trillion) to petabytes (thousand terabytes)
• GK Technology's Halstead office maintains a petabyte of storage containing agricultural data for most of the United States and three Canadian provinces
• Storage includes shapefile formats...

Hudson Fuller, GK Technology's newest full-time employee and computer science graduate, shares his journey from baseball player to agricultural data specialist working on the ADAPT standard integration.

• Hudson's connection to GK began through family ties and company retreats before pursuing internships during college
• Completed a computer science degree at Dakota State University while playing college baseball
• Created an AI baseball pitch predictor that achieved 80% accuracy in predicting pitch outcomes
• Currently coaches high school baseball and plays for the local amateur team
• Working on implementing the ADAPT standard to unify agricultural data formats across different...

Plant tissue testing offers farmers and consultants valuable insight into crop nutrient status and helps diagnose field issues when properly conducted. We explain the science behind tissue testing and share practical tips for getting actionable results.

• Tissue testing can help to evaluate nutrient status to understand crop health at various growth stages
• Troubleshoot field issues by comparing samples from healthy and problematic areas
• It is important to sample the correct plant part according to the crop's growth stage
• Mobile nutrients show deficiency in lower leaves while immobile nutrients affect upper leaves first
• Remember to remove...

We continue our conversation this week with precision ag geek Shawn Kasprick of Simplot. Shawn shares how precision agriculture capabilities have evolved from floppy disks to satellite imagery, letting farmers see their operations all the way through from farm to field application.

Some topics we cover in this episode:

• Adapting precision agriculture for orchards with specialized equipment that applies fertilizer between rows
• Creating variable rate soil-applied herbicide maps based on soil property levels
• Using satellite imagery to identify wild oat patches before soybean emergence for targeted herbicide applications for subsequent wheat crops
• Developi...

Farmer Sarah and Yodi talk drainage coefficients and how they affect water removal from fields. Drainage coefficients (typically 3/8" to 1/2") in field drainage systems describe how quickly water can be removed from a field, with a 1/2" coefficient removing 1/2" of water from the soil in one day.

• Drainage coefficient measures how fast water can be removed from a field in a given time period
• Soil type dramatically affects water movement - 50 inches of water can move through sand in a day while clay drains less than half an inch
• Multiple factors affect drainage systems' drainage coefficient: tile spacin...

Shawn Kasprick shares his journey from farm kid to precision agriculture pioneer with Simplot Grower Solutions, detailing how early developments in the field shaped the technology farmers use today.

In the episode, Sarah and Jodi sit down with Shawn and discuss

Field boundaries serve as the digital cookie cutters of precision agriculture, defining where field operations begin and end for optimal resource management. Understanding their purpose and creation methods allows consultants and growers to implement more precise applications and better predict input needs.

• Boundaries determine where equipment turns on and off during field operations
• Accurate boundaries help predict input requirements and prevent waste
• Vector files (typically shape files) define the digital representation of field boundaries
• Water management requires different boundary considerations than nutrient management
• Creating boundaries can be done through driven collection with RTK-enabled vehicles

Kurt Turner and Lane Bothwell from Ag Genesis share their innovative "gridding the zone" approach that combines traditional zone mapping with targeted grid sampling to address pH variability in eastern South Dakota fields. They've discovered that their most productive field zones often hide significant pH problems that can be economically addressed through this hybrid sampling method.

• Field topography in Eastern South Dakota creates extreme yield variability (corn yields ranging 100-240 bushels per acre)
• Traditional zone sampling works well for most nutrient management in their variable landscape
• Low pH problems tend cluster in high-productivity zones, not poor-p...

Awareness of nutrient mobility in plants drastically improves in-field diagnosis of crop issues. In this episode, we dive deep into plant nutrient mobility and how nutrient mobility impacts visual symptoms in the field.

• Discussion on the concept of nutrient mobility 
• Insights into mobile vs. immobile nutrient deficiencies 
• Importance of tissue testing for accurate diagnoses 

Relatively immobile nutrients (symptoms will appear on newest leaf tissue): S, Zn, Fe, Cu, B, Ca, Mn, Mo, Ni

Relatively mobile nutrients (symptoms will appear on oldest leaf tissue): N, P, K, Mg

Don't forget to subscr...

Engaging with the evolving world of precision agriculture, this discussion sheds light on the unique relationship between technology and crop consulting. Our guests, Kurt Turner and Lane Bothwell of Ag Genesis Inc, bring their expertise to the table, sharing insights into the operational dynamics of the perfect duo: a precision ag and computer geek and soil sampling enthusiast. 

We discuss
- Introduction of Ag Genesis and its creation
- Key role of ADMS software in the crop consulting business
- Importance of soil sampling and mapping 
- Effects of tile drainage on...

Jodi and Sarah explore the crucial distinction between mobile and non-mobile nutrients in soil. Understanding how these nutrients behave not only aids in effective soil sampling but also enhances soil fertility management, providing fertilizer users with the knowledge they need to maximize returns on their fertilizer dollars. 

They cover
• Mobile vs. non-mobile nutrients
• Nutrient behavior based on soil charge 
• Cation exchange capacity (CEC) and nutrient adhesion 
• Sampling strategies for mobile vs. non-mobile nutrients 

https://gktechinc.com/

Ag with Emma, a leading voice in agriculture, shares her journey from novice to practical mastery in field mapping with ADMS. Through engaging anecdotes and expert guidance from mentors like Kyle Okke, Emma's passion for mapping shines through. She emphasizes the unique blend of science and artistry involved in creating accurate agricultural maps, while also highlighting the importance of personalized learning approaches in mastering these complex systems.

Our conversation dives deep into the meticulous process of soil fertility analysis and sampling, revealing surprising insights into how historical elements like tree rows can impact soil nutrient levels. Emma...

Jodi and Sarah talk about what's available in GK Technology's expansive imagery library.  The library offers subscribers access to Landsat, Sentinel, NAIP, and Lidar data layers.

They discuss further...
• Significance of multi-layer data in agriculture 
• GK Technology's robust imagery library 
• Different types of imagery available and their resolutions 
• Importance of ongoing updates to data for accuracy 
• Discussion on the geographical coverage of data
• Emphasis on accessible resources for all agricultural practitioners 

Access data layers easier and faster with GK Technology's imagery library!

Resources on accessing and downloading publicly available...