The Bobber

In this episode, Hailey explores a Midwest getaway that soothes the senses and leaves you feeling renewed—Fragrant Isle Lavender Farm on Washington Island! This dreamy farm is a destination you’ll want to add to the top of your summer bucket list! With thousands of lavender plants (grown in an all-natural environment), serenity, and phenomenal aroma, Fragrant Isle offers an experience that’s as magical as it is memorable. Keep reading and immerse yourself in this must-visit destination! 

The Bobber is brought to you by Something Special from Wisconsin: https://www.somethingspecialwi.com/

Read the blo...

In this episode, Hailey highlights an adventure like no other! Tucked away in Northeast Wisconsin, Camp 5 is a hidden gem accessible only by the charming Lumberjack Steam Train. Along the way, experience a nostalgic train ride, discover hands-on attractions, and uncover the rich history behind this remarkable place. Ready to find out what makes this trip unforgettable?

The Bobber is brought to you by Something Special from Wisconsin: https://www.somethingspecialwi.com/

Read the blog here: https://discoverwisconsin.com/riding-the-rails-to-history-a-day-at-camp-5/

Farm Corral: https://www.lumberjacksteamtrain.com/farm-corral/; Forestry Museum & Blacksmith Shop: https://www...

In this episode, Hailey shares why to join Something Special from Wisconsin (SSfW)! With the new membership year starting July 1, summer is your chance to tap into a community that’s all about celebrating and supporting Wisconsin businesses. Here are seven reasons why signing up this summer will pay off for your business, long after the season ends.

The Bobber is brought to you by Something Special from Wisconsin: https://www.somethingspecialwi.com/

Read the blog here: https://discoverwisconsin.com/7-reasons-to-join-something-special-from-wisconsin-this-summer-youll-thank-us-later/

The Bobber: https://discoverwisconsin.com/the-bobber-blog/

The Cabin Podcast: https://th...

In this episode, Hailey explores La Crosse County, just off Wisconsin’s Great River Road, where the fun never takes a season off! With every turn of the calendar, you’ll discover new adventures, festivals, and local flavors that make each visit truly one-of-a-kind. Follow along as we explore the best things to see and do all year long!

The Bobber is brought to you by Something Special from Wisconsin: https://www.somethingspecialwi.com/

Read the blog here: https://discoverwisconsin.com/exploring-la-crosse-county-all-year-long/

La Crosse County: https://www.lacrossecounty.org/; Riverside International Friendship Gardens: http...

In this episode, Hailey explores some of Lincoln County’s best golf courses. Whether you’re after challenging holes or scenic fairways, these spots promise unforgettable rounds with stunning views. Let’s tee off and dive into your ultimate Lincoln County golf adventure!

The Bobber is brought to you by Something Special from Wisconsin: https://www.somethingspecialwi.com/

Read the blog here: https://discoverwisconsin.com/top-golf-courses-you-cant-miss-in-lincoln-county/

Merrill Golf Club: https://www.merrillgolfclub.com/; Club X to C: https://clubxtoc.com/; Ishalla Country Club: https://inshallacc.com/; Edgewater Country Club: https://edgewaterccgolf.com/

The...

In this episode, Hailey dives into one of Wisconsin’s fan-favorite traditions! Sauk County’s Land Made Days is a season-long celebration of local farms, community events, and the beautiful outdoors. From farm-fresh breakfasts and parades to quirky contests and tasty BBQ, there’s something for everyone as summer fades into fall. Follow this month-by-month guide to catch all the can’t-miss moments that make Land Made Days so special.

The Bobber is brought to you by Something Special from Wisconsin: https://www.somethingspecialwi.com/

Read the blog here: https://discoverwisconsin.com/your-month-by-month-guide-to-sauk-countys-land-made-days/

Sauk Cou...

In this episode, Hailey celebrates 90 years of outdoor adventure in Wood County! She showcases 5 must-visit parks that bring together rich history, breathtaking scenery, and nonstop fun. From thrilling trails to tranquil lakes, Wood County invites you to hike, bike, fish, and explore in every season! Your next great adventure starts here…

The Bobber is brought to you by Something Special from Wisconsin: https://www.somethingspecialwi.com/

Read the blog here: https://discoverwisconsin.com/celebrate-90-years-5-must-visit-wood-county-parks/

North Wood County Park: https://www.woodcountywi.gov/departments/parks/northpark.aspx; South Wood County Park: https://ww...

In this episode, Hailey heads to West Bend, where the Frisby House stands as one of the oldest and most iconic cream city brick buildings in Washington County. Built in 1865, this Italianate-style home has witnessed over 150 years of local history. Join us as we explore its rich past, ongoing restoration, and exciting future as a vibrant Heritage Welcome Center!

The Bobber is brought to you by Something Special from Wisconsin: https://www.somethingspecialwi.com/

Read the blog here: https://discoverwisconsin.com/the-frisby-house-in-washington-county-a-historic-gem-revived/

Frisby House: https://thetowerheritagecenter.org/historic-sites/1865-frisby-house;

Heritage Center...

In this episode, Hailey ventures just beyond the trees in Lincoln County! This Wisconsin wonderland offers four seasons of fun. Looking for outdoor recreation? How about endless relaxation? Lincoln County checks all the boxes and more! Start exploring now…

The Bobber is brought to you by Something Special from Wisconsin: https://www.somethingspecialwi.com/

Read the blog here: https://discoverwisconsin.com/four-seasons-of-fun-in-lincoln-county/

Camp New Wood County Park: https://www.co.lincoln.wi.us/forestry-land-and-parks/page/camp-new-wood; Merrill: https://www.merrillchamber.org/; Ice Age Trail: https://www.iceagetrail.org/; Tomahawk: https://www.tomahawkchamber.com/; Th...

In this episode, Hailey visits Ishnala Supper Club, a gem nestled in the serene landscapes of Mirror Lake State Park. This beloved Wisconsin tradition has captivated locals and visitors alike since 1953. Ishnala offers a unique blend of rich history, stunning natural beauty, and an unforgettable dining experience.

The Bobber is brought to you by Something Special from Wisconsin: https://www.somethingspecialwi.com/

Read the blog here: https://discoverwisconsin.com/a-legacy-of-fine-dining-in-wisconsin-ishnala-supper-club/

Mirror Lake State Park: https://dnr.wisconsin.gov/topic/parks/mirrorlake; #1 Supper Club in the Midwest: Behind the Counter: #1 Supper Club in the...

In this episode, Hailey calls all craft lovers! If you’re eager to immerse yourself in a year brimming with creativity and local artistry, Lincoln County has you covered. From lively fairs to colorful markets, this county is bursting with talented artists and unique treasures waiting to be discovered. Ready to ignite your creative spark? Here’s your exclusive guide to the craftiest weekends ahead—so be sure to save the dates and prepare for some unforgettable experiences!

The Bobber is brought to you by Something Special from Wisconsin: https://www.somethingspecialwi.com/

Read the blog h...

In this episode, Hailey explores Lake Geneva’s enchanting estates! As gardens bloom, these historic homes come alive with charm. Join us for a stroll along the Shore Path to discover six must-see estates—Blacktoft, Casa Del Sueno, Stone Manor, Flowerside Inn, Black Point Estate & Gardens, and Glen Annie. Each estate showcases the timeless beauty of Lake Geneva. Lace up your walking shoes and let’s begin this springtime discovery!

The Bobber is brought to you by Something Special from Wisconsin: https://www.somethingspecialwi.com/

Read the blog here: https://discoverwisconsin.com/in-full-bloom-the-enchanted-estates-of-lake-geneva/

Geneva...

In this episode, Hailey explores farmers’ markets, festivals, and fairs while supporting local businesses through Something Special from Wisconsin™ (SSfW). With nearly 500 members offering everything from world-famous cheeses and baked goods to handcrafted artisan items and outdoor gear, SSfW makes shopping local an exciting adventure. Ready to discover something truly special? Let’s dive in!

The Bobber is brought to you by Something Special from Wisconsin: https://www.somethingspecialwi.com/

Read the blog here: https://discoverwisconsin.com/spot-the-logo-shop-local-discover-something-special-this-spring/

Brookfield Farmers’ Market: https://brookfieldfarmersmarket.com/; Verona Downtown Farmers Market: https://veronadowntownfarmersmarket.com/; Janesville Farmers Market...

In this episode, Hailey ventures to St. Germain, a true Northwoods must-visit destination. From the hiking and biking trails to explore the many lakes, there is so much to do in the area all summer long! Whether you’re wanting to spend a quiet day on the lake boating or you want to bike the entire Heart of Vilas Trail, you can find your flavor of fun in St. Germain. Let’s dive deeper into the ultimate guide for a summer getaway in St. Germain! 

The Bobber is brought to you by Something Special from Wisconsin: https://www.s...

In this episode, Hailey uncovers Monroe County, which is tucked into the western corner of Wisconsin and is unlike any other county in the entire state. Home to miracle workers, melody makers, and even marsh farmers, these are only a few of the amazing people who make Monroe County a truly unique place. Follow along and uncover their astounding stories first-hand. 

The Bobber is brought to you by Something Special from Wisconsin: https://www.somethingspecialwi.com/

Read the blog here: https://discoverwisconsin.com/uniquely-wisconsin-monroe-county/

Wisconsin Animal Rescue: Chasing Daylight: Wisconsin Animal Rescue: Chasing D...

In this episode, Hailey ventures to the beautiful and exciting Town of Brookfield, nestled on the outskirts of Milwaukee. This little town has become the shopping center of the area with the Corners of Brookfield right in the heart! Not only that, but the Town of Brookfield has many activities, events, and plenty of foodie options to check out while you’re in the area. Let’s dive into how you can plan your next Wisconsin mini-cation in the Town of Brookfield!

The Bobber is brought to you by Something Special from Wisconsin: https://www.somethingspecialwi.com/

In this episode, Hailey celebrates summer’s near arrival—the perfect time to get outside, enjoy the fresh air, boost your Vitamin D levels, and take care of your mental health! After the long and cold winter, it’s time to gear up and get yourself ready for a mentally strong remainder of the year. Let’s dive into how you can get outdoors all throughout the state and take care of yourself, all while exploring nature! 

The Bobber is brought to you by Something Special from Wisconsin: https://www.somethingspecialwi.com/

Read the blog here: htt...

In this episode, Hailey visits Lake Geneva, home to some of the best all-around golf courses in the state, and she’s spilling all the inside details on the must-play courses in the area. Each course is home to its own style, unique layout, and beautiful views! Now… let’s get into six different golf courses in the Lake Geneva area that you need to add to your golf bucket list!

The Bobber is brought to you by Something Special from Wisconsin: https://www.somethingspecialwi.com/

Read the blog here: https://discoverwisconsin.com/lake-geneva-a-hotspot-for-the-golf-enthusiast/

Gran...

In this episode, Hailey discovers everything Chippewa County has to offer! Whether you want to spend a day out on the town shopping, find your favorite foodie stops, or explore the arts and history… Chippewa County has it all! Now let’s get to it! 

The Bobber is brought to you by Something Special from Wisconsin: https://www.somethingspecialwi.com/

Read the blog here: https://discoverwisconsin.com/insiders-guide-to-chippewa-countys-shopping-dining-and-play/

Collective Charm: https://gochippewacounty.com/listings/collective-charm/; Drewmark Boutique: https://gochippewacounty.com/listings/drewmark-boutique/; Spring Street Sports: https://gochippewacounty.com/listings/spring-street-sports/; Green Oasis: https://gochi...

In this episode, Hailey checks out a must-visit destination—the Menomonie Area! Get ready to plan your next trip with all of our tips, tricks, and favorite locations, from the natural attractions to the wonderful family-fun activities! Your weekend getaway awaits…

The Bobber is brought to you by Something Special from Wisconsin: https://www.somethingspecialwi.com/

Read the blog here: https://discoverwisconsin.com/how-to-plan-your-next-weekend-getaway-in-the-menomonie-area/

Devil’s Punchbowl: https://landmarkwi.org/devils-punchbowl/; Red Cedar State Trail: https://exploremenomonie.com/listings/red-cedar-state-trail/; Hoffman Hills: https://dnr.wisconsin.gov/topic/parks/hoffmanhills; WoodWind Park: https://woodwindpark.com/#H...

In this episode, Hailey ventures to Door County, home to many beautiful communities like Egg Harbor, which is on its lifelong journey towards sustainability. From the village striving towards being a Green Tier Legacy Community to the local businesses and restaurants doing their part with composting and using their own produce, Egg Harbor is truly showing how they are on their way to being a green community. 

The Bobber is brought to you by Something Special from Wisconsin: https://www.somethingspecialwi.com/

Read the blog here: https://discoverwisconsin.com/egg-harbor-a-small-community-making-a-big-difference/

Green Tier: https://d...

In this episode, Hailey explores Bent’s Camp, situated right in the heart of the Cisco Chain of Lakes on Maime Lake. First established in 1896, Bent’s Camp has many pieces of history that lie within the lodge, cabins, location, and more. Let’s dig up the historical roots of this resounding resort!

The Bobber is brought to you by Something Special from Wisconsin: https://www.somethingspecialwi.com/

Read the blog here: https://discoverwisconsin.com/a-historic-wisconsin-destination-bents-camp/

The Bobber: https://discoverwisconsin.com/the-bobber-blog/

The Cabin Podcast: https://the-cabin.simplecast.com. Follow on social...

In this episode, Hailey offers a glimpse into Northwoods life. Are you thinking about making your move to the Wisconsin Northwoods your full-time home? Or maybe you’re looking for a summer getaway cottage or even a spot to stay the weekend on a snowmobiling trip? Every season in the Northwoods provides something new for the year-long resident or those who come and go! Either way, our friends at Re/Max Property Pros can help you find the perfect dream home for you! 

The Bobber is brought to you by Something Special from Wisconsin: https://www.somethingspecialwi.com...

In this episode, Hailey ventures to Wauwatosa, which is tucked just minutes from the big city of Milwaukee, with many local hotspots! Wauwatosa is rich in history, beginning in the 1830s, home to the original framework of the old swimming hole, and holds prehistoric treasures. Today, Wauwatosa still holds trending treasures such as prized local shopping and delicious dining, with some Wisconsin flair!

The Bobber is brought to you by Something Special from Wisconsin: https://www.somethingspecialwi.com/

Read the blog here: https://discoverwisconsin.com/wauwatosas-local-treasures/

Hoyt Park: https://www.discoverwauwatosa.com/thing-to-do...

In this episode, Hailey takes the ultimate Wisconsin road trip. Pull out your maps and plan to visit Ashland County, Bayfield County, and Douglas County, located in the Northwestern region of the state! Each county is filled with picturesque nature views and activities, outstanding orchards and farmers’ markets to get your Wisconsin goodies, and parks and campsites to stay for a weekend getaway. Pack up your car and let’s get started on this road trip!

The Bobber is brought to you by Something Special from Wisconsin: https://www.somethingspecialwi.com/

Read the blog here: http...

In this episode, Hailey springs into summer, bringing the iconic farmers’ markets you love! While several farmers’ markets are scattered throughout the state, Jefferson County is a hub of many must-visits. From Watertown to Fort Atkinson, there’s a local farmers’ market waiting for you in Jefferson County! Come along and discover 6 farmers’ markets to add to your list! 

The Bobber is brought to you by Something Special from Wisconsin: https://www.somethingspecialwi.com/

Read the blog here: https://discoverwisconsin.com/6-must-visit-farmers-markets-in-jefferson-county/

Watertown Farmers’ Market: https://www.facebook.com/watertownfarmersmarket/; Palmyra Maker’s Market: https...

In this episode, Hailey visits Lincoln County, a true haven for outdoor enthusiasts. Along the way, she discovers what makes this area special–the Wisconsinites who call it home. From Chris Schotz’s impactful work on local trails and the dedicated individuals behind the Tomahawk Fall Ride to Melissa Omernick’s deep love for dog sledding, each story beautifully captures the essence of this remarkable county.

The Bobber is brought to you by Something Special from Wisconsin: https://www.somethingspecialwi.com/

Read the blog here: https://discoverwisconsin.com/uniquely-wisconsin-lincoln-county/

Ice Age Trail: https://www.co...

In this episode, Hailey is westbound for Wisconsin’s Great River Road–designated as a National Scenic Byway, named an All-American Road, and known as the Happiness Highway. Winding for 250 miles through 33 picturesque communities, the Great River Road has many must-stops along the way. Today, we’re highlighting 10 must-tour towns!

The Bobber is brought to you by Something Special from Wisconsin: https://www.somethingspecialwi.com/

Read the blog here: https://discoverwisconsin.com/10-towns-you-need-to-tour-on-wisconsins-great-river-road/

Dahl Auto Museum: https://www.facebook.com/DahlAutoMuseum/; Freedom Park: https://www.freedomparkwi.org/; Maiden Rock Bluff: https://dnr.wisconsin.gov/to...

In this episode, Hailey embarks on a sightseeing expedition through Jefferson County. But this isn’t just any ordinary sightseeing expedition…we’re on a mission to discover Wisconsin’s native wildlife, stopping by spectacular wildlife areas scattered throughout the county! 

The Bobber is brought to you by Something Special from Wisconsin: https://www.somethingspecialwi.com/

Read the blog here: https://discoverwisconsin.com/sightseeing-in-jefferson-county-wildlife-edition/

Jefferson Marsh Wildlife Area: https://dnr.wisconsin.gov/topic/Lands/WildlifeAreas/jefferson.html; Jefferson Tamarack Swamp State Natural Area: https://dnr.wisconsin.gov/topic/statenaturalareas/JeffersonTamarackSwamp; Koshkonong Wildlife Area: https://d...

In this episode, Hailey ventures to Wood County, a hub of heartfelt and impactful stories. Follow along as we get a glimpse into the local athletes behind Aqua Skiers, hear about the passion behind Powers Bluff, and begin to understand the powerful mission of C2 Makerspace in education today. 

The Bobber is brought to you by Something Special from Wisconsin: https://www.somethingspecialwi.com/

Read the blog here: https://discoverwisconsin.com/uniquely-wisconsin-wood-county/

Behind the Aqua Skiers: Show Ski Capital of the World: Behind the Aqua Skiers : Show Ski Capital of the World; Passion B...

In this episode, Hailey explores Eastern Wisconsin, home to a unique typography known as the Kettle Moraine. Tucked away in that unique typography and nestled between Wisconsin’s biggest cities–Madison and Milwaukee–is a quaint, undiscovered village…the Village of Palmyra–a place of nature and community. Follow along as we embark on a discovery of Palmyra, from past to present. 

The Bobber is brought to you by Something Special from Wisconsin: https://www.somethingspecialwi.com/

Read the blog here: https://discoverwisconsin.com/palmyra-a-place-of-nature-community/

Village of Palmyra: https://villageofpalmyra.com/; Kettle Moraine State Fores...

In this episode, Hailey uncovers Green Lake County, home to heartwarming and inspiring stories from a unique collective of people. In today’s episode, Hailey shares a few stories from fellow Wisconsinites, including The Nortons, Russell Moccasin, and The Soul Hammer.

Read the blog here: https://discoverwisconsin.com/uniquely-wisconsin-green-lake-county/

Norton’s of Green Lake: https://nortonsgreenlake.com/; Norton Fishing Adventures: https://www.nortonsfishingandhuntingadventures.com/; Norton’s Dry Dock: https://www.nortonsdrydock.com/; A Legacy on Green Lake: The Nortons; Russell Moccasins: https://russellmoccasin.com/; Russell Moccasin: A Journey Through Time and Craftsmanship; Soul Hammer: https://soulha...

In this episode, Hailey discovers Northwest Wisconsin, a treasure trove of more than just natural beauty and outdoor recreation. Among the lush forests and sparkling Lake Superior shores are remnants of the area’s once-booming industrial era. Join us as we embark on an unforgettable journey, visiting Northwest Wisconsin’s best-kept landmarks. We’re going beyond the guidebooks, discovering three hidden and historic landmarks, from a brownstone building and the state’s last-standing headframe to an abandoned quarry.

Read the blog here: https://discoverwisconsin.com/secrets-of-northwest-wisconsin-3-hidden-historic-landmarks/

Washburn Cultural Center: https://www.washburnculturalcenter.com/; Wasburn: https...

In this episode, Hailey highlights Ho-Chunk's journey—one of resilience, tradition, and hope. Repeatedly displaced yet never defeated, they have persistently returned to their Wisconsin homeland. Their journey–marked by an enduring spirit–tells a profound story of a people who emerged as a forward-looking community. Unveil the extraordinary narrative, from storied past to vibrant present.

Read the blog here: https://discoverwisconsin.com/enduring-spirit-the-ho-chunk-journey-across-time/

The Bobber: https://discoverwisconsin.com/the-bobber-blog/

The Cabin Podcast: https://the-cabin.simplecast.com. Follow on social @thecabinpod

Shop Discover Wisconsin: shop.discoverwisconsin.com. Follow on social @shopdiscoverwisconsin

D...

In this episode, Hailey shines a light on an iconic Wisconsin tradition—the supper club tradition—which never goes out of style. At The Del-Bar, it’s a tradition defined by over 80 years of business! In today’s blog, we’re exploring the rich family history, delving into the local flavors, and highlighting the signature Del-Bar experience that keeps guests returning year after year. 

Read the blog here: https://discoverwisconsin.com/the-del-bar-a-tradition-of-taste-since-1943/

Country Bumpkin: https://www.countrybumpkinfarm.com/; Nueske’s: https://www.nueskes.com/; Hidden Valley Farms: https://www.facebook.com/HiddenValleyMushrooms/; Menus: https://www.del-bar.com/m...

In this episode, Hailey spills a sweet secret…If you have a sweet tooth, O&H Danish Bakery in Racine, Wisconsin, is a must-visit! Known for its iconic kringles—Wisconsin’s official state pastry—this family-run bakery has been delighting customers with flaky layers and unique flavors since 1949. Listen on and dig into this tasty tale of tradition!

Read the blog here: https://discoverwisconsin.com/wisconsins-kringle-tradition-oh-danish-bakery/

Seasonal Kringle Flavors: https://www.ohdanishbakery.com/seasonal-kringle-flavors; Everyday Kringle Favorites: https://www.ohdanishbakery.com/everyday-kringle-favorites; All Flavors: https://www.ohdanishbakery.com/all-our-kringle-flavors; Locations: https://www.ohdanishbakery.com/locations; Racine's...

In this episode, Hailey visits Jefferson County—a community dedicated to supporting its youth, preserving agricultural traditions, and celebrating craftsmanship. Inspired by residents who are always looking to improve their community, the county features several impactful initiatives, from the miraculous Matz Center and the historic Hoard’s Dairyman Farm to the creative Trek Project One bikes. Listen on to hear each powerful story.

Read the blog here: https://discoverwisconsin.com/uniquely-wisconsin-jefferson-county/

Hoard’s Dairyman Farm: https://www.hoardscreamery.com/; Trek: https://www.trekbikes.com/us/en_US/; Project One: https://www.trekbikes.com/us/en_US/pro...

In this episode, Hailey welcomes you to Washington County, Wisconsin, where winter transforms the ordinary into extraordinary! Winter is a season of more than stunning snowy scapes; it’s a season FULL of spirited festivities, outdoor adventures, and more downhill fun than you can imagine. Come along as we discover Washington County–a playground of winter fun! 

Read the blog here: https://discoverwisconsin.com/winter-fun-awaits-in-washington-county/

Enchantment in the Park: https://www.enchantmentpark.org/; Rotary International: https://www.rotary.org/en; Regner Park: https://visitwestbend.com/park/regner-park/; Little Switzerland: https://www.littleswitz.com/; Terrain-Based Learning: https...

In this episode, Hailey discovers Lake Geneva as the sun sets! It’s always been the place–the place for the unexpected, for romantic getaways, and for families and friends. And by night, Lake Geneva is the place for nightfall fun. Whether you’re looking for calm and charming or thrilling and mysterious, we’ve got an exclusive list of can’t-miss adventures by night in Lake Geneva! Tune in, and let the moonlit adventure begin.

Read the blog here: https://discoverwisconsin.com/discover-lake-geneva-after-dark/

Baker House 1885:https://bakerhouse1885.com/; The Grandview Restaurant: https://www.thegrandviewrestaurant.com/; Gene...

In this episode, Hailey teams up with the WCA Group Health Trust, sharing the ultimate to-do list–tranquil winter treasures across Wisconsin. Winter is here, so bundle up and get ready to explore the outdoors for a newfound sense of serenity. Unlock your next awe-inspiring, outdoor adventure!

Read the blog here: https://discoverwisconsin.com/3-tranquil-winter-treasures-you-need-to-explore/

Bayfield County: https://www.wicounties.org/counties/bayfield-county/; Apostle Islands National Lakeshore: https://www.nps.gov/apis/index.htm; Fond du Lac County: https://www.wicounties.org/counties/fond-du-lac-county/; Northern Unit Kettle Moraine State Forest: https://dnr.wisconsin.gov/topic/pa...