Philosophies for Life
Philosophies for Life is all about giving ancient wisdom for modern living. We are dedicated towards giving out life-changing philosophical ideas that will help you improve all the aspects of your life - spirituality, finance, relationships, mental and emotional.
How to Want Less and Live More - Epicurus (Epicureanism)
Do you ever feel like the harder you work, the more trapped you become? You get a raise, upgrade your lifestyle, and suddenly you're locked into a stressful job just to pay the bills.
In this video, we explore the ancient philosophy of Epicurus and his concept of autarkeia (self-sufficiency). Far from promoting wild hedonism, Epicurus taught that the secret to a stress-free life is actually learning to want less. We break down his famous three buckets of desire—natural and necessary, natural and unnecessary, and unnatural and unnecessary—and look at how you can use practical wisd...
Lao Tzu - Why Discipline Feels Hard (And How to Make It Effortless) (Taoism)
8 Ways to Build Discipline. In this podcast we will be talking about 8 Ways to Build Your Self-Discipline from the philosophy of Lao Tzu. Lao Tzu was an ancient Chinese philosopher who is known to be the founder of Taoism and the writer of Taoism’s most sacred text, the Tao Te Ching.
So with that in mind, here are 8 Ways to Build Your Self-Discipline from the philosophy of Lao Tzu -
01. Check Your Motive
02. Discover Your Timing
03. Clear the Clutter
04. Create Empty Space
05. Shape Your Environment
06. Shrink the Target
07. Flow Around Ro...
Voltaire - Take Good Care Of Yourself (No Money Required) (Philosophy Of The Enlightenment)
In this podcast we will be talking about How To Take Care Of Yourself from the philosophy of Voltaire. Voltaire, was an 18th-century French philosopher who viewed self-care as a practical way to protect yourself against a world that is fundamentally chaotic.
So here are 7 Ways To Take Care Of Yourself from the philosophy of Voltaire.
01. Cultivate Your own Garden
02. Look for solid proof
03. Drop Your Utopian Expectations
04. Use Humor
05. Trust Science over Fatalism
06. Enjoy the Earthly Pleasures
07. Set Boundaries
Hope you enjoyed this podcast and find these insights on...
7 Ways To Make Your Life Ridiculously Simple - Diogenes (Cynicism)
7 Ways To Make Your Life Ridiculously Simple - Diogenes (Cynicism)
In this podcast we will be talking about How to Simplify Your Life from the philosophy of Diogenes. Diogenes was a 4th-century philosopher and the most famous face of Cynicism.
So here are 7 ways to Simplify Your Life from the philosophy of Diogenes.
01. Deface the Currency
02. Live According to Nature
03. Be Self-Sufficient
04. Be Shameless
05. Build your Resilience
06. Act
07. Speak Truth
Hope you enjoyed this podcast and find these insights on how to live on your own terms helpful.<...
Seneca - Stop Wasting Your Time On Things That Just Don’t Matter (Stoicism)
In this podcast we will be talking about 6 Ways To Stop Wasting Your Time from the writings of Seneca. Seneca was an ancient Roman philosopher, writer, and statesman. He was one of the most influential teachers of Stoicism.
So here are 6 Ways To Stop Wasting Your Time from the philosophy of Seneca -
01. Guard your Time Like your money
02. Stop Trying to Impress People
03. Stop Waiting for the Future
04. Stop Waiting for the Future
05. Stop Overthinking the Past
06. Stop Existing, start living
Hope you enjoyed listening to this podcast and fin...
How To Live A Radically Rich Life (For Free) - Epicurus (Epicureanism)
In this podcast, we will be talking about 8 Free Everyday Habits That Make Life Radically Rich from the philosophy of Epicurus. His philosophy is often referenced as Epicurean hedonism or simply Epicureanism.
So here are 8 Free Everyday Habits That Make Life Radically Rich from the philosophy of Epicurus -
01. Natural Necessities
02. Simple, Satisfying Food
03. Freedom from Bodily Pain
04. Daily friendships
05. A Safe Retreat
06. An Unnoticed Life
07. Good Memories
08. Philosophy
I hope you enjoyed listening to this podcast and hope these 8 Free Everyday Habits That Make Life Radically Rich fro...
Seneca - Stop Wasting Your Time On Things That Just Don’t Matter (Stoicism)
In this podcast, we will be talking about 6 Ways To Stop Wasting Your Time from the writings of Seneca. Seneca was an ancient Roman philosopher, writer, and statesman. He was one of the most influential teachers of Stoicism.
So here are 6 Ways To Stop Wasting Your Time from the philosophy of Seneca -
01. Guard your Time Like your money
02. Stop Trying to Impress People
03. Stop Waiting for the Future
04. Stop Waiting for the Future
05. Stop Overthinking the Past
06. Stop Existing, start living
Hope you enjoyed listening to this podcast and fin...
Epictetus - How To Fix Your Life (No Money Required) (Stoicism)
In this podcast, we will be talking about 9 Ways to Fix Your Life from the philosophy of Epictetus. Epictetus was one of the most influential teachers of the later years of the school of Stoicism.
So here are 9 ways from Epictetus’s discourses, that will help you to fix your life -
01. Control What You Can
02. Test Your Thoughts
03. Remember Everything Ends
04. Love Your Fate
05. Cut Out Toxic People
06. Play Your Role Perfectly
07. Look Foolish
08. Act, Don't Speak
09. Review Your Day
Hope you enjoyed listening to this podca...
How To Be Happy With An Ordinary Life - Michel de Montaigne
In this podcast, we will be talking about 6 Ways To Be Happy With An Ordinary Life from the philosophy of Michel de Montaigne. Michel de Montaigne was a 16th-century French philosopher.
So here are 6 Ways To Be Happy With An Ordinary Life from the philosophy of Michel de Montaigne-
01. Stop Trying to Sound Smart
02. No One Will Remember You
03. It’s Okay to Be a Mess
04. Accept Your Animal Nature
05. Embrace the Ordinary
06. Be Present
We hope you enjoyed listening to this podcast and hope this video, from the philosophy of M...
Baruch Spinoza - Stop Comparing Yourself To People Who Have More (Rationalism)
In this podcast we will be talking about 6 Ways To Stop Comparing Yourself To People Who Have More from the philosophy of Baruch Spinoza . Baruch Spinoza was a 17th-century Dutch philosopher who approached human emotions as if they were a mathematical problem. This philosophical approach is known as rationalism.
So here are 6 Ways To Stop Comparing Yourself To People Who Have More from the philosophy of Baruch Spinoza -
01. There Are No Alternate What Ifs
02. Ignore the Scoreboard
03. Understanding the "One Substance"
04. Find Your Conatus
05. Focus on active emotions
06. Redefining True Wea...
How To Live A Rich Life At Home (Works On Any Income) - Henry David Thoreau (Transcendentalism)
In this podcast we will be talking about 8 Ways To Live A Rich Life At Home from the philosophy ofHenry David Thoreau . Henry David Thoreau was a 19th-century American philosopher who was a key figure in the Transcendentalist movement.
So here are 8 Ways To Live A Rich Life At Home from the philosophy of Henry David Thoreau-
01. Calculate the Real Cost of Your Purchases
02. Practice Voluntary Simplicity
03. Bring the "Wild" Indoors
04. Rely on Yourself
05. Find joy in the ordinary
06. Stop Trying to Keep Up
07. Enjoy Solitude
08. Invest in Intellectual P...
7 Ways To Be In Flow And Enjoy Your Life - Rumi (Sufism)
In this podcast we will be talking about 7 Ways To Enjoy the Flow of Your Life from the philosophy of Rumi. Rumi lived from 1207 to 1273 and he was not only an amazing poet, but also a theologian, a philosopher, an Islamic scholar, and one of the most prominent figures in Sufism.
So here are 7 Ways To Enjoy the Flow of Your Life from the philosophy of Rumi-
01. Let Go of the False Ego
02. Trust the Divine
03. Chase the Essence, Not the Form
04. Become the "Child of the Moment"
05. Welcome every Guest
06. Act...
Montaigne - Simplify Your Life (Works On Any Income)
In this video we will be talking about 8 Ways To Simplify Your Life from the philosophy of Michel de Montaigne. Michel de Montaigne was a 16th-century French philosopher.
So here are 8 Ways To Simplify Your Life from the philosophy of Michel de Montaigne-
01. Reject Artificial Desires
02. Stop worrying about Public Opinion
03. Shrink Your Inner Circle
04. Be Authentic
05. Establish Your "Arrière-Boutique"
06. Stop Having an Opinion on Everything
07. Communicate Plainly and Honestly
08. Accept the Natural Rhythm of Reality
We hope you enjoyed watching the video and hope this video, fro...
6 Ways To Stop Worrying About Anything (Works On Any Income) - Plato (Platonic Idealism)
In this podacst we will be talking about 6 Ways To Stop Worrying About Anything from the philosophy of Plato . Plato was an ancient Greek philosopher who, along with his teacher Socrates and his student Aristotle, built the foundation for almost all Western philosophy.
So here are 6 Ways To Stop Worrying About Anything from the philosophy of Plato -
01. Act as the Charioteer of Your Soul
02. Apply the "Dice" Method
03. Step out of your cave
04. Look at a bigger picture
05. Value Your Character
06. Practice "Philosophical Preparation"
We hope you enjoyed listening to...
Baruch Spinoza - How To Be Happy (Even If You Have Nothing)(Rationalism)
In this podcast we will be talking about 6 Ways To Be Happy from the philosophy of Baruch Spinoza . Baruch Spinoza was a 17th-century Dutch philosopher who approached human emotions as if they were a mathematical problem. This philosophical approach is known as rationalism.
So here are 6 Ways To Be Happy from the philosophy of Baruch Spinoza -
01. Equate 'God' with Nature
02. Acknowledge Your Core Drive
03. Shift from 'Inadequate' to 'Adequate' Ideas
04. Cultivate Active Joy
05. View Life 'Under the Aspect of Eternity'
06. Achieve the Intellectual Love of Nature
We hope you lis...
Sartre - Be Authentic (And Stop Caring What Others Think) (Existentialism)
In this podcast we will be talking about 6 Ways To Live Authentically from the philosophy of Jean-Paul Sartre. Jean-Paul Sartre. Jean-Paul Sartre was a 20th-century French philosopher who defined authenticity as the terrifying realization that you are completely free and responsible for your own choices.
So here are 6 Ways To Live Authentically from the philosophy of Jean-Paul Sartre -
01. Existence Precedes Essence
02. Stop Playing a Character
03. Accept Your Reality
04. Stop Trying to Control How People See You
05. Embrace the Vertigo of Total Freedom
06. Act
We hope you enjoyed listening to this...
7 Ways To Live Like A King (Even If You Make Less) - Marcus Aurelius (Stoicism)
In this podcast we will be talking about 7 Ways To Live Like A King from the philosophy of Marcus Aurelius. Marcus Aurelius was an emperor of Rome and a devout student of the philosophy of Stoicism. He constructed a series of autobiographical writings, now known as the Meditations.
So here are 7 Ways To Live Like A King from the philosophy of Marcus Aurelius -
01. Deconstruct the Illusion of Luxury
02. Use money as a tool
03. Focus on what you can control
04. Take a "View from Above"
05. Reclaim your Present
06. Choose discomfort
07. Do y...
Dostoevsky - Stop Caring What Others Think (About Your Status Or Finances) (Existentialism)
In this podcast, we will be talking about How To Stop Caring What Others Think About Your Status Or Finances from the philosophy of Fyodor Dostoevsky. Fyodor Dostoevsky was a 19th-century novelist and philosopher whose ideas helped shape the philosophy of existentialism.
So with that in mind, here are 7 Ways To Stop Caring What Others Think About Your Status Or Finances from the philosophy of Fyodor Dostoevsky -
01. Money is just a tool, nothing more
02. Reject the Illusion of "Financial Salvation"
03. Financial hardship is just a situation
04. Nobody is watching you
05. Be Or...
Miyamoto Musashi - Master Any Skill By Yourself (No Money, No Teacher)
In this podcast we will be talking about 7 Ways to Master Any Skill by Yourself from the philosophy of Miyamoto Musashi. Miyamoto Musashi is remembered as one of the greatest swordsmen Japan has ever produced.
So here are 7 Ways to Master Any Skill by Yourself from the philosophy of Miyamoto Musashi -
01. The World is Your Sensei
02. Discard the Aesthetic
03. Pick your sword
04. Kill All Distractions
05. The Thousand-Day Grind
06. Break the "Rules" of the Curriculum
07. Paint with the Sword
We hope you enjoyed listening to this podcast and hope this p...
8 Ways to Quit Rat Race And Enjoy Your Life - Michel de Montaigne
In this podcast we will be talking about 8 Ways to Quit Rat Race And Enjoy Your Life from the philosophy of Michel de Montaigne. Michel de Montaigne was a 16th-century French philosopher
So here are 8 Ways to Quit Rat Race And Enjoy Your Life from the philosophy of Michel de Montaigne-
01. Build Your "Arrière-Boutique"
02. Stop Guarding Your Money
03. Lower the Stakes of Your Own Importance
04. Embrace Intellectual Humility
05. Travel Without a Destination
06. Practice Radical Presence
07. Seek Soul-Deep Connection
08. Confront your Mortality
We hope you enjoyed listening to this...
Albert Camus - Enjoy Your Life To The Fullest (Works On Any Income) (Absurdism)
In this podcast we will be talking about 6 Ways To Enjoy Your Life To The Fullest from the philosophy of Albert Camus. Albert Camus was a French-Algerian philosopher who built his life's work around the philosophy of absurdism.
So here are 6 Ways To Enjoy Your Life To The Fullest from the philosophy of Alber Camus -
01. Stop Waiting for Life to Give You a Meaning
02. Kill "Hope"
03. Embrace the Daily Grind
04. Prioritize the "Quantity" of the Present Over the "Quality"
05. Reconnect with the physical world
06. Rebel
We hope you listening to...
Nietzsche - 5 Things You Should Never Buy (If You Want to Be Extraordinary) (Existentialism)
In this podcast we will be talking about 5 Things You Should Stop Wasting Your Money on from the philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche. Friedrich Friedrich Nietzsche was a German philosopher and a precursor of existentialism.
So here are 5 Things You Should Stop Wasting Your Money on from the philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche -
01. The "Herd" Aesthetic
02. "Anesthetics" for the Soul
03. The "Last Man's" Comforts
04. Ideological "Indulgences"
05. Cheap Education
We hope you enjoyed listening to this podcast and hope this video, from the philosophy of Nietzsche, helps you to stop wasting your money on...
Zhuangzi - How To Flow Happily With Your Life (Taoism)
In this podcast we will be talking about 7 Ways To Flow Happily With Your Life from the philosophy of Zhuangzi. Zhuangzi was an ancient Chinese philosopher, often remembered as the playful and imaginative voice of Taoism.
So here are 7 Ways To Flow Happily With Your Life from the philosophy of Zhuangzi -
01. Stop Measuring Your Life Against Others
02. Live According to Your Nature
03. Flow Effortlessly With Reality
04. Live Fully, But Stay Detached
05. Simplify your Desires
06. Be Useless
07. Don’t Take Yourself So Seriously
We hope you enjoyed listening to thi...
Seneca - Stop Letting Money Control Your Emotions (Stoicism)
In this podcast we will be talking about 7 Ways To Stop Letting Money Control Your Emotions from the writings of Seneca. Seneca was an ancient Roman philosopher, writer, and statesman. He was one of the most influential teachers of Stoicism.
So here are 7 Ways To Stop Letting Money Control Your Emotions from the philosophy of Seneca -
01. Identify the 3 Money Traps
02. Distinguish appetite from need
03. Practice the 24 hour pause
04. Name the emotion
05. Audit your evenings
06. Practice downward gaze
07. Practice voluntary poverty
Hope you enjoyed this podcast and find these i...
Diogenes - Live on Your Own Terms (Without Worrying About Money or Status) (Cynicism)
In this podcast we will be talking about 5 ways to live on your own terms from the philosophy of Diogenes. Diogenes was a 4th-century philosopher and the most famous face of Cynicism.
So here are 5 ways to live on your own terms from the philosophy of Diogenes.
01. Deface the Currency
02. Practice Autarkeia
03. Be brutally honest
04. Be Shameless
05. Practice Askēsis
Hope you enjoyed this podcast and find these insights on how to live on your own terms helpful.
Diogenes was a 4th-century philosopher and the most famous face of C...
Napoleon Hill - 6 Fears That Keep You Poor (Think and Grow Rich)
Napoleon Hill - 6 Fears That Keep You Poor (Think and Grow Rich). Napoleon Hill in his book Think and Go Rich talks about what he calls the "Six Ghosts of Fear" that keep you poor. In this podcast, we’re going to go through each of these six fears and look at practical ways to overcome them.
Napoleon Hill was an American self-help writer who spent about twenty years studying what really makes people rich. During that time, he met and learned from some of the biggest business figures of his era, including Andrew Carnegie and Henry Fo...
Epictetus - Stop Worrying About Money (Works On Any Income) (Stoicism)
In this video we will be talking about 7 Ways to Stop Worrying About Money from the writings of Epictetus. Epictetus was one of the most influential teachers of the later years of the school of Stoicism.
So here are 7 ways from Epictetus’s discourses, that will help you to stop worrying about money -
01. Apply the Dichotomy of Control Rigorously
02. View Property as a Temporary Loan
03. Calculate the "Price of Tranquility"
04. Shrink the Denominator
05. Recognize Money as a "Preferred Indifferent"
06. Perform the "Worst-Case" Analysis
07. Refuse to Play the Comparison Game
H...
Epicurus - Live Like A God On An Average Salary (Epicureanism)
Epicurus - How To Live Like A God On An Average Salary (Epicureanism). In this video we will be talking about How To Live Like A God On An Average Salary from the philosophy of Epicurus. His philosophy is often referenced as Epicurean hedonism or simply Epicureanism.
So here are 5 ways to live like a God from the philosophy of Epicurus -
01. Categorize Your Desires
02. The "Cheese" Principle
03. Prioritize “Aponia” and “Ataraxia"
04. Invest in your "Garden"
05. Master the "Fear of Lack"
I hope you enjoyed watching the video and hope these 5 ways to li...
Albert Camus - 6 Ways To Enjoy Your Life To the Fullest (Philosophy of Absurdism)
In this video we will be talking about 6 ways to enjoy your life from the philosophy of Albert Camus. Albert Camus is one of the most representative figures of the philosophy of “absurd” or “absurdism".
Here are 6 ways you can enjoy your life from the philosophy of Albert Camus-
01. Embrace absurdism
02. Embrace the present moment
03. Cultivate passions and hobbies
04. Choose love
05. Travel
06. Connect with others
I hope you enjoyed watching these 6 ways you can enjoy your from the philosophy of Albert Camus and find them helpful in your life.
Albert C...
How To Find Meaning In A Meaningless Life - Albert Camus (Philosophy of Absurdism)
Albert Camus - How To Find Meaning In Life (Philosophy of Absurdism)
In this video we will be talking about how to find meaning in life from the philosophy of Albert Camus. Albert Camus is one of the most representative figures of the philosophy of the “absurd” or “absurdism,” and his philosophy has inspired a lot of people in dealing with the absurdity of life. We often feel uprooted, having to choose between more options than ever before, being bombarded by technological devices, innovations, and information, each demanding our attention. So, to help you find your direction, in this v...
Albert Camus - How To Live Freely In This Meaningless World (Philosophy Of Absurdism)
Albert Camus - How To Live Freely In This Meaningless World (Philosophy Of Absurdism). In this podcast we will be talking about how to be free from the philosophy of Albert Camus. Albert Camus is one of the most representative figures of the philosophy of the “absurd” or “absurdism".
The main theory of Camus is to embrace the absurdity of life as a simple fact, without falling into despair. This ability to embrace absurdity means to be free. According to Camus, there are 2 types of freedom: Common Freedom, defined as the ability to choose between different options - for e...
Albert Camus - How To Live In The Present (Philosophy of Absurdism)
In this podcast we will be talking about how to live in the present from the philosophy of Albert Camus. Albert Camus is one of the most representative figures of the philosophy of the “absurd” or “absurdism".
Here are 7 ways you can make most of your present from the philosophy of Albert Camus-
01. Have a motivation for living
02. Be yourself at all times
03. Live intensively
04. Live like a rebel
05. Focus on practical things
06. Accept the unpredictability of life
07. Find happiness in every phase of your life
I hope you enjoyed l...
Why You Have a Toxic Relationship With Money (and how to heal) - Carl Jung
Why You Have a Toxic Relationship With Money (and how to heal) - Carl Jung
Carl Jung was a Swiss psychologist who believed that the way you handle money—whether you’re hoarding it, wasting it, or terrified of it - is actually a mirror reflecting your deepest feelings about yourself. Jung famously said that until you make the unconscious conscious, it will direct your life and you will call it 'fate.' This is why you might keep hitting the same financial walls, make the same financial mistakes and blame it on bad luck or a bad...
7 Life Lessons From Albert Camus (Philosophy of Absurdism)
7 Life Lessons From Albert Camus (Philosophy of Absurdism)
In this podcast we will be talking about 7 Life Lessons From Albert Camus. Albert Camus is one of the most representative figures of the philosophy of the “absurd” or “absurdism,” and his philosophy has inspired a lot of people in dealing with the absurdity of life.
So with that in mind, here are 7 important lessons that we can learn from Albert Camus -
01. Create your own meaning for life
02. Don’t make happiness a distant goal
03. Don’t be ignorant
04. Be a rebel
05. Spend ti...
How To Get Rich Ethically (And Stay Rich) - Buddha (Buddhism)
Buddha - How To Get Rich Ethically (Buddhism). In this video we will be talking how to get rich ethically from the philosophy of Buddha. Gautama Buddha was a philosopher, meditator, spiritual teacher, and religious leader who is credited as the founder of Buddhism.
The Buddha didn't see wealth as a sin; in fact he saw it as a "skilful means" to protect your family, support your community, and find a deeper spiritual freedom. It is recorded that Buddha spent much of his time advising successful merchants, financiers, and kings on how to grow their empires. He...
5 Buddhist Ways Of Living A Good Life - Buddha (Buddhism)
Buddha - How To Live A Good Life (Buddhism)
After reaching enlightenment, the Buddha, Siddhartha Gautama, wrote out some basic rules to be followed in daily practice which he called “The Five Precepts”. These five precepts of Buddhism can be seen as a representation of Buddhist values and principles. They have a lot of depth, and involve renouncing some behaviours, while developing other, more wholesome qualities. Hence following these precepts helps us build our moral character, and by developing our moral character we accumulate good karma and as such are able to live a good life. The teach...
How To Attract Money Effortlessly (Without Chasing) - Lao Tzu (Taoism)
How To Attract Money Effortlessly (Without Chasing) - Lao Tzu (Taoism). In this podcast we will be talking about how to attract money without chasing from the philosophy of Taoism. Lao Tzu was an ancient Chinese philosopher who is known to be the founder of Taoism and the writer of Taoism’s most sacred text, the Tao Te Ching.
So with that in mind, here are 6 ways to attract money without chasing from the philosophy of Lao Tzu -
01. Find the the direction of your River
02. Respect your money
03. Repair the crack
04. Balance The Yi...
5 Ways To Overcome Your Fears - Epictetus (Stoicism)
5 Ways To Overcome Your Fears - Epictetus (Stoicism)
In this podcast, we will be talking about 5 Ways To Overcome Your Fears from the philosophy of Epictetus. Epictetus was one of the most influential teachers of the later years of the school of Stoicism.
So with that in mind, here are 5 ways we can overcome our fears the wisdom of Epictetus -
01. Make Sense of Fear
02. Embrace life trials
03. Believe in your ability to do wonders
04. Don’t fear other people’s judgment
05. Get rid of the fear of death
We hope y...
Lao Tzu - How to Buy Your Freedom Back (Without Getting Rich)
Lao Tzu - How to Buy Your Freedom Back (Without Getting rich) (Taoism). In this video we will be talking about how to how to buy your freedom without getting rich from the philosophy of Taoism. Lao Tzu was an ancient Chinese philosopher who is known to be the founder of Taoism and the writer of Taoism’s most sacred text, the Tao Te Ching.
So with that in mind, here are 5 ways to buy your freedom without getting rich from the philosophy of Lao Tzu-
01. Practice Zhi Zhu
02. The Strategy of the Low Point
03...
How To Let Go Correctly - Shiva (Philosophy of Tantra)
How To Let Go - Shiva (Philosophy of Tantra). In this video we will be talking about how to let go correctly from the tantric philosophy of lord Shiva.
In Hindu mythology, there is an idea that sometimes the universe becomes too full. Over time it gathers the weight of billions of human desires, habits, and egos. People cling to things that should have ended long ago, and old systems keep running long after they stop working. Slowly, everything becomes heavy and rigid—until nothing new can grow, because nothing old is allowed to disappear.
When thi...