Business Breakdowns

Today, we are breaking down Toast, a name we have covered before but are revisiting because the story has changed enough to be worth telling again. Most listeners will have tapped a Toast terminal without thinking much about the business behind it. 

Our guest is Sean Barrett, founder, managing partner, and chief investment officer of Counter Global, who holds Toast as one of his largest positions and walks us through how a restaurant point of sale company became the operating system that runs the restaurant.

He argues that Toast is best understood as the operating s...

Today, we are breaking down Auto1, and this is an interesting episode because we are tackling a business that most US listeners will not be familiar with, even though it resembles names they already know well.

Our guest is Harrison Moot, co-founder and CIO of Sandstone, who walks us through Europe's largest vertically integrated online marketplace for used cars. Auto1 is often shorthanded as the Carvana of Europe, and the comparison directionally fits, but the differences are what make the company worth understanding on its own terms.

The core of the conversation is how Harrison...

Today, we are breaking down Opendoor, and this is a unique episode. We recorded with Kaz Nejatian, the CEO of Opendoor, shortly after the company reported its first quarter 2026 earnings, and we covered both what is happening inside the business right now and how he is thinking about Opendoor from the seat after coming over from Shopify. 

The core of the conversation is how Kaz frames the company. He argues that Opendoor is a market maker rather than a prop desk or an asset manager, and that the model only works when you optimize for velocity instead o...

Today, we are breaking down PriceSmart, the membership warehouse club operating across Central America, the Caribbean, and South America. I came away from this episode with a new appreciation for how a single retail concept and a single family have shaped the way much of the world shops.

When you learn that Sol Price invented the modern club store, influenced Sam Walton, the founders of Home Depot, and the founders of Target, that his Price Club merged with Costco in 1993, and that his grandson now runs a separate company replicating the model across 12 emerging market countries, you...

Today, we are breaking down Altius Minerals, a Canadian royalty company that stands apart from the precious metals and oil and gas names that usually define the category. 17 people in Newfoundland control royalties over Canadian potash mines that supply 90 percent of the potash used in the US, along with 2.9 gigawatts of operating renewable power.

I am joined by Luke Bridgeman, portfolio manager at Hosking Partners based in London. We start with Brian Dalton founding the business in a university dorm 29 years ago and how the company built its edge through a project generation model that turned $13 million...

Today, we are breaking down Givaudan, the Swiss fragrance and flavor giant hiding in plain sight. I came away from this episode with a new way of seeing the world around me. When you learn that a single company is behind the scent of your shampoo, the taste of your burger, and the smell of your laundry, you start to realize just how much of daily life runs through a company most people have never heard of.

I am joined by Jeremie Fastnacht, a fund manager at Banque de Luxembourg Investments based in Luxembourg. We get into...

This episode was originally recorded in March 2025.  ​Today, we are breaking down the  global alternative asset manager, Apollo. I reflected on my personal experiences with Apollo for this episode, and there's a saying that hard work can beat talent when talent doesn't work hard. Well, Apollo has talent, and Apollo works really damn hard. They will do everything they can to protect their capital, so if you're on the other side of the table from them, you never feel fully comfortable.

I am joined by Hunter Hopcroft, a financial analyst and writer based in New York. We get in...

This conversation was originally released in February of 2025. We’re replaying this episode because Cognex sits right at the intersection of AI and robotics. As the market focuses more on physical AI and automation in 2026, machine vision is becoming an increasingly important part of that story.

Today we are breaking down Cognex, the leader in machine vision. Cognex builds the cameras, sensors, and software that allow factories and logistics systems to see. Their technology inspects products, detects defects, reads barcodes, and guides robots across manufacturing lines and warehouses around the world.

Cognex is not your ty...

This conversation was originally released in June of 2023.

Today we return to the semiconductor value chain with one of the most important companies in modern technology: ASML. The company began life as an unwanted spin-out from Philips with no real product and little expectation of success. Today, it builds the only machines capable of manufacturing the most advanced chips in the world.

To break down ASML, I’m joined by Tom Walsh, portfolio manager at Baillie Gifford. Tom walks through how photolithography works, what’s happening inside an extreme ultraviolet machine, and how a small Dutc...

 Today we are breaking down the cybersecurity giant, Cloudflare. 

Today, Cloudflare controls over 20% of the world’s web traffic, and more impressively, absorbs 2.5mn cyber attacks per second.

My guest is Sam Eden, Investor at Square Peg’s Global Tech Fund. And while I understood on the surface what Cloudflare does, Sam helped me get into the weeds on how the digital pipes actually work.

So we go through the rise of Cloudflare and how they differentiated themselves vs. the incumbents and fellow upstarts. Through this story, Sam details the product offerings that led to...

Today we have a special episode breaking down how investors are using AI. 

This is a question I get from many of you, and while there is no shortage of content on the implications of AI, I know there's an appetite to learn more about tangible use cases, how to make sure you're getting the most out of these tools, how to think about advancements in the technology, and ensuring that you're keeping pace with the innovation curve.

So my guest today is David Plon, Founder of Portrait Analytics. Now, David and Portrait have been p...

Today we are breaking down Games Workshop. This episode is another examination of the business of IP. Whether it's Disney, Electronic Arts, or Nintendo, there are so many businesses built around core IP. And while Games Workshop and its Warhammer franchise may not be as familiar to our North America listeners - this episode will tell you why that may be changing very soon.

My guest is Todd Wenning, President and CIO of KNA Capital. Todd shares his own personal story uncovering Games Workshop many years ago, he gets into the fun evolution of this business which...

Today we’re breaking down Databricks, a $130B private company that helps companies collect, store, and process very large amounts of data, and then use that data to run analytics and train machine learning models.

Databricks sits in the middle of modern data systems, connecting raw data pipelines to the tools teams use to analyze information and build AI. If you’ve worked on large-scale data or AI projects, there’s a good chance Databricks was part of the stack, often operating behind the scenes.

My guest is Alan Tu, portfolio manager and analyst at WCM In...

Today we are breaking down Amadeus, the dominant infrastructure powering global travel bookings. If you've used a travel agent or corporate booking system, you've likely interacted with Amadeus's technology—though most of what they do happens behind the scenes in airline operations, hotel inventory management, and logistics coordination.

Ben Needham, portfolio manager at Ninety One Asset Management, explains how Amadeus built its market-leading position, common investor misconceptions about the business, and the company's value proposition across the travel ecosystem. We also explore AI's potential impact on the industry and how Amadeus's balance sheet strength positions it relative to...

Today, we are breaking down one of the more impressive B2B media businesses I have come across, Doximity. It's been called “the LinkedIn for doctors.” 

Jim Jones, partner and analyst at William Blair Asset Management, helped explain exactly how Doximity works as a business. Jim gets into the community engine that works for and around medical professionals. And yes, there is a social network, but it's the add-ons, such as the required continued education that doctors can complete on the platform, including script signing, and all of those little tools that make a doctor's or medical profe...

Today we are breaking down GE Aerospace. We did cover GE several years ago, but that episode focused on Larry Culp's turnaround of the conglomerate. 

Ramesh Narayanaswamy, co-founder and portfolio manager of Tourbillon Partners, joins me to explore what is now a pure-play aerospace business. We discuss the unique dynamics of the aerospace supply chain and the long-cycle nature that differentiates this industry. We also explore the complexity of aircraft engine manufacturing and how GE exemplifies the powerful model of selling services attached to equipment. Please enjoy our conversation on GE Aerospace.

F...

 This is Matt Reustle. Today, we are back to talk about increased access to alternative investing. My guest is Josh Clarkson, managing director at Prosek Partners. You may remember that Josh joined us last year in our primer series on private credit. He is back today to discuss what this development could mean for all the counterparties involved.

We put some numbers around the opportunity, cover what asset managers might be best positioned to capture it, the strategies that most naturally fit, and some of the risks to the investor base. It is a fascinating theme that I...

This is Matt Reustle. Today we are breaking down Robinhood. My guest is Arthur Olson, founding partner at Ravenswood Partners. We get into how Robinhood grew from a mobile-native brokerage idea that faced many challenges along the way into the third-largest broker in the USA. 

Arthur educates on how the business model has evolved and diversified away from a pure pay-for-order market. We discuss how product velocity is the foundation behind everything in Robinhood’s continued penetration and how new talent has made a material difference. Please enjoy this Breakdown of Robinhood

For the full sho...

This is Matt Reustle. Today we are breaking down CompoSecure, a company that manufactures premium metal credit cards and payment cards. My guest is Parsa Kiai, Managing Partner at Steamboat Capital. What really made Parsa the ideal guest is that he has a history with CompoSecure from before the Dave Cote era, which started sometime in 2024. 

We get into all of this: the niche market of premium metal credit cards, how CompoSecure has such a dominant position in that industry, the opportunity in digital storage, and perhaps most importantly, what Dave Cote's involvement means for the company—his...

 This is Matt Reustle. Today, we are breaking down the industrial giant Amphenol. Amphenol pairs two of my favorite business frameworks that are often discussed on Breakdowns. Firstly, I am drawn to any company that specializes in selling mission-critical parts, which represent a small percentage of a manufacturer's total production cost. And secondly, Amphenol has a track record of M&A success underpinned by s decentralized model. There is a lot to learn from Amphenol for serial acquirers who have a proven track record and playbook for integrating businesses.

I am joined by Andy Gardner, Portfolio Manager at...

This is Matt Reustle. Today, we are exploring the world of media deals. My guest is Blake Saunders. Blake has been in media investment banking for almost two decades. When I first met him, he was a banker, so I wasn't expecting to lean into this relationship, but I often introduce Blake to others as the banker.

We delve into the current deal landscape and some of the realities of the media market, exploring how companies are navigating this new era, and then determine who's best positioned for the next chapter. Please enjoy this Breakdown of Media...

 This is Zack Fuss. Today, we are breaking down Exor. The origins of Exor date back to the end of the 19th century when Giovanni Agnelli founded the Auto Company Fiat. Over the company's 100-year-old history, a lot has changed. While some of the core assets remain the same today, Exor serves as an investment holding company. Its largest and most notable assets include Ferrari, CNH, Stellantis, Philips, and a number of other notable household-name companies. 

I am joined by Krishna Mohanraj, a portfolio manager of the International Strategy at Diamond Hill. Today, Exor is led by Joh...

 This is Matt Reustle. Today we are breaking down the recent IPO WaterBridge. I am joined by James Davolos from Horizon Kinetics. 

We start with HK's history with these very unique businesses that are off the radar for many with TPL, Landbridge and now Water Bridge. James gets into the weeds and nuances of what this business actually doesa and why the service that they're providing is so incredibly important, particularly with US Shale and where they are in the Permian Basin. This is an interesting and timely conversation from all different angles. Please enjoy this breakdown of...

 This is Matt Reustle.  Today we are breaking down the Latam e-commerce Giant, Mercado Libre. My guest is Daniel Wu of Bristlemoon Capital.

I was introduced to MELI about 15 years ago when it was still the eBay of Latam, and similar to a place that you revisit after a long time away, MELI looks a lot different than those early days.

Just consider that with a $120 billion market cap, MELI is three times the size of eBay today and has clearly evolved since those early days. Daniel walks us through the business as it stands toda...

 This is Matt Reustle. Today, we are breaking down the real estate broker Compass. Compass itself is a fascinating business and historically a controversial stock. It was founded in 2012 by Robert Reffkin and has scaled in that short period of time to become the largest real estate brokerage in the United States. 

Geoff Collette, founder of Aeon Capital Partners, is back as a guest. After his Breakdown on Goosehead, we thought it was fitting to cover another flavor of broker. Geoff and I cover the history, some of Compass’s early pivots, and the different critiques of the co...

 This is Matt Reustle. Today's Breakdown caters to both public and private investors alike. My guest is Aaron Cohen, head of the Financial Services and Technology Group at GTCR, and our topic is insurance Brokers. I was initially intrigued by Aaron and GTCR after seeing their announced $13 billion sale of Assured Partners to Arthur J.Gallagher, an incredible success story in the insurance brokerage space that we covered in a previous breakdown. 

But, what I failed to appreciate, and you'll hear Aaron politely correct me in the episode, is that not only did GTCR own Assured through two...

 This is Matt Reustle and today we are breaking down the Chicago Mercantile Exchange. My guest is Adam Chandler, co-PM at Claremont Global, and together we get into the nitty gritty of exchanges. We all know how integral exchanges are to the financial system but we rarely stop to understand how they operate, how they make money, and how they shape the flow of dollars. This episode aims to do just that. Please enjoy this breakdown of the Chicago Mercantile Exchange.

For the full show notes, transcript, and links to the best content to learn more, check ou...

 This is Matt Reustle. Today, we are breaking down Agilent. If you aren't familiar with Agilent, it is a $30 billion market cap company at the time of this recording, and they focus on one of the more interesting niches: equipment and instruments sold into laboratories.

Its equipment is being sold to the life sciences sector, diagnostics, applied chemical markets, and some very unique R&D work. My guest is Mark de Vos, fund manager at Troy Asset Management, and he brings us through the story of Agilent. It was born within Hewlett-Packard, which spun off a little mo...

This is Matt Reustle. Today we are replaying our Breakdown of Patek Philippe. You never own a Patek Philippe. You merely watch over it for the next generation. I'll say it's the best marketing campaign in history, a campaign appropriate for the world's premier watchmaker and a watchmaker worthy of a Business Breakdown.

Our guest today is John Reardon from Collectability. John has worked at Sotheby's, the auction house, and spent a decade at Patek Philippe in the early 2000s. He continues to write for Patek Philippe Magazine while he has launched Collectability, a brand dedicated to...

This is Matt Reustle. Today’s episode looks a little different. We are exploring whether podcasts can be a source of investment alpha, sparked by a Wall Street Journal article about portfolio manager Steve Schurr's success mining podcast transcripts for Millennium Management. I analyze performance data from over 200 companies covered on Business Breakdowns since 2021, revealing that while the overall "podcast portfolio" has lagged the S&P 500, individual standouts like AppLovin (540% outperformance) and General Electric (300%+ gains) tell a more compelling story. I examine momentum patterns, discuss both winners and losers, and share insights on using podcasts for investment pattern recognition ra...

 This is Zack Fuss. Today, we are breaking down Nexstar Media Group. Nexstar controls more local television stations than any other company in the US. This industry has experienced substantial consolidation, which has reshaped itself over the past decade and ultimately culminated in the emergence of businesses like Nexstar as the preeminent station group outside of the Big Four. 

My guest today is Simeon McMillan, founder of media-focused research firm Accrued Interest. He's held roles as a banker and executive within prominent television, cable, and radio businesses, including Univision Networks and Media Co. In this discussion, we wil...

 This is Matt Reustle. Today we are breaking down EQT, the Swedish global investment organization. Right off the top, I need to mention our guest today, Sean Barrett, who couldn't have been more perfect for this breakdown. Sean has been investing in the Alts since Blackstone christened this asset class just over a decade ago.

Sean is the founder of Counter Global, and alt investing is ingrained in its DNA. We cover the massive, yet lesser-known EQT, the Wallenberg family ties, and how this business has continued to generate returns at scale. Beyond the EQT conversation, you ar...

This is Zack Fuss. Today, we're tackling a giant in a controversial and incredibly complex industry, UnitedHealth Group. At its recent apex, UNH was a half-trillion-dollar market cap business, the 15th largest listed business in the United States. Today, that market cap sits at just $275 billion.

The company generates an excess of $400 billion in sales annually and produces $40 billion in EBITDA as it touches every facet of the American healthcare system. To break down UnitedHealthcare, I'm joined by Stephanie Niven, a co-PM of the Global Sustainable Equity Strategy within the Sustainable Equity Team at Ninety One.

Today we are breaking down Moncler, the high-end outerwear brand. Known for their down jackets and  stylized M logo, it’s a mix of style and substance that blends into the brand history and evolution of Moncler. 

I am joined by Chris Davies, investment manager at Baillie Gifford to cover Moncler’s story, particularly in the hands of Remo Ruffini. We get into its push to define luxury outerwear and extend outward into other product categories while keeing that core DNA of fashion and function. This is a particularly interesting episode for anybody interested in the luxury market...

Today, we are replaying our Breakdown on Vulcan Materials. Vulcan is America's largest producer of construction aggregates. This includes all of the crushed rock, sand, and gravel, which gets used for the foundation of nearly everything around us. Think of all of the buildings, the roads, and the infrastructure that define the physical footprint of America.

To break down Vulcan, I am joined by Rob Hansen, Senior Analyst at Vontobel Asset Management. Rob shares what makes this relatively simple business so successful. We get into the dynamics of operating quarries, the logistics of moving...

Today we are breaking down the work management software platform monday.com. Founded in February 2012, today monday.com has a market cap of over $14 billion. The platform has transformed a simple task management tool to a versatile platform serving numerous industries and use cases. 

I am joined by Ben Hensman, Portfolio Manager of the Global Tech Fund at Square Peg. He takes us through the story of monday.com and how they emerged as a winner amidst plenty of competition. There are critical lessons to be learned from its successful expansion into larger enterprise markets. We cover i...

This is Zack Fuss. Today, we are breaking down Interactive Brokers, widely recognized as IBKR. Founded in 1978, Interactive Brokers evolved from a market maker on the American Stock Exchange to a global, cutting-edge electronic brokerage firm. Its founder, Thomas Peterffy, remains far and away its largest shareholder and has earned his place as one of the wealthiest people in the world.

To break down IBKR, I'm joined by Freddie Lait and Jacopo Di Nardo of Latitude Investment Management. We explore the journey of IBKR from its early days as Timber Hill to its current status as a...

This is Zack Fuss. Today we are breaking down Chemed. Chemed represents the union of two seemingly distinct businesses: end-of-life healthcare and plumbing services. As our guest aptly puts it, old houses and old people. The two underlying businesses, VITAS and the widely recognized Roto-Rooter, both offer interesting stories in their own right.

The strength of this business has been its intentional and well-executed capital allocation strategy, which has resulted in a 21% EPS CAGR since 2003, a market cap of $8.5 billion, and a net cash balance sheet. 

On the one h...

Today we are breaking down Ecolab, a global sustainability leader offering water, hygiene, and infection prevention solutions that protect people & the resources vital to life. As of this recording, Ecolab has a $66 billion market cap and protects over 36% of the world's packaged food supply and over 44% of the global milk supply.

My guest is Todd Wenning, founder of KNA Capital Management, who has a knack for finding interesting businesses. We get into Ecolab's very on-brand origin story, how the business kept that core focus throughout its history, and how it became one of two vendors that any...

Today, we explore the world of tools to break down Snap-on. Snap-on has been around for over 100 years and operates with over a $17 billion market cap. It has continuously evolved the straightforward model of selling tools to specialists, like mechanics, into a durable business model while carving out a leadership position in the professional tools market.

My guest is Matt Fleming, portfolio manager at William Blair. Matt gets into what makes Snap-on stand out, the early days of tool innovation, the relationship-focused sales team built around a franchise model, and a financing program that dates back to...