Business Breakdowns

This is Matt Reustle. Today’s episode looks a little different. We are exploring whether podcasts can be a source of investment alpha, sparked by a Wall Street Journal article about portfolio manager Steve Schurr's success mining podcast transcripts for Millennium Management. I analyze performance data from over 200 companies covered on Business Breakdowns since 2021, revealing that while the overall "podcast portfolio" has lagged the S&P 500, individual standouts like AppLovin (540% outperformance) and General Electric (300%+ gains) tell a more compelling story. I examine momentum patterns, discuss both winners and losers, and share insights on using podcasts for investment pattern recognition ra...

 This is Zack Fuss. Today, we are breaking down Nexstar Media Group. Nexstar controls more local television stations than any other company in the US. This industry has experienced substantial consolidation, which has reshaped itself over the past decade and ultimately culminated in the emergence of businesses like Nexstar as the preeminent station group outside of the Big Four. 

My guest today is Simeon McMillan, founder of media-focused research firm Accrued Interest. He's held roles as a banker and executive within prominent television, cable, and radio businesses, including Univision Networks and Media Co. In this discussion, we wil...

 This is Matt Reustle. Today we are breaking down EQT, the Swedish global investment organization. Right off the top, I need to mention our guest today, Sean Barrett, who couldn't have been more perfect for this breakdown. Sean has been investing in the Alts since Blackstone christened this asset class just over a decade ago.

Sean is the founder of Counter Global, and alt investing is ingrained in its DNA. We cover the massive, yet lesser-known EQT, the Wallenberg family ties, and how this business has continued to generate returns at scale. Beyond the EQT conversation, you ar...

This is Zack Fuss. Today, we're tackling a giant in a controversial and incredibly complex industry, UnitedHealth Group. At its recent apex, UNH was a half-trillion-dollar market cap business, the 15th largest listed business in the United States. Today, that market cap sits at just $275 billion.

The company generates an excess of $400 billion in sales annually and produces $40 billion in EBITDA as it touches every facet of the American healthcare system. To break down UnitedHealthcare, I'm joined by Stephanie Niven, a co-PM of the Global Sustainable Equity Strategy within the Sustainable Equity Team at Ninety One.

Today we are breaking down Moncler, the high-end outerwear brand. Known for their down jackets and  stylized M logo, it’s a mix of style and substance that blends into the brand history and evolution of Moncler. 

I am joined by Chris Davies, investment manager at Baillie Gifford to cover Moncler’s story, particularly in the hands of Remo Ruffini. We get into its push to define luxury outerwear and extend outward into other product categories while keeing that core DNA of fashion and function. This is a particularly interesting episode for anybody interested in the luxury market...

Today, we are replaying our Breakdown on Vulcan Materials. Vulcan is America's largest producer of construction aggregates. This includes all of the crushed rock, sand, and gravel, which gets used for the foundation of nearly everything around us. Think of all of the buildings, the roads, and the infrastructure that define the physical footprint of America.

To break down Vulcan, I am joined by Rob Hansen, Senior Analyst at Vontobel Asset Management. Rob shares what makes this relatively simple business so successful. We get into the dynamics of operating quarries, the logistics of moving...

Today we are breaking down the work management software platform monday.com. Founded in February 2012, today monday.com has a market cap of over $14 billion. The platform has transformed a simple task management tool to a versatile platform serving numerous industries and use cases. 

I am joined by Ben Hensman, Portfolio Manager of the Global Tech Fund at Square Peg. He takes us through the story of monday.com and how they emerged as a winner amidst plenty of competition. There are critical lessons to be learned from its successful expansion into larger enterprise markets. We cover i...

This is Zack Fuss. Today, we are breaking down Interactive Brokers, widely recognized as IBKR. Founded in 1978, Interactive Brokers evolved from a market maker on the American Stock Exchange to a global, cutting-edge electronic brokerage firm. Its founder, Thomas Peterffy, remains far and away its largest shareholder and has earned his place as one of the wealthiest people in the world.

To break down IBKR, I'm joined by Freddie Lait and Jacopo Di Nardo of Latitude Investment Management. We explore the journey of IBKR from its early days as Timber Hill to its current status as a...

This is Zack Fuss. Today we are breaking down Chemed. Chemed represents the union of two seemingly distinct businesses: end-of-life healthcare and plumbing services. As our guest aptly puts it, old houses and old people. The two underlying businesses, VITAS and the widely recognized Roto-Rooter, both offer interesting stories in their own right.

The strength of this business has been its intentional and well-executed capital allocation strategy, which has resulted in a 21% EPS CAGR since 2003, a market cap of $8.5 billion, and a net cash balance sheet. 

On the one h...

Today we are breaking down Ecolab, a global sustainability leader offering water, hygiene, and infection prevention solutions that protect people & the resources vital to life. As of this recording, Ecolab has a $66 billion market cap and protects over 36% of the world's packaged food supply and over 44% of the global milk supply.

My guest is Todd Wenning, founder of KNA Capital Management, who has a knack for finding interesting businesses. We get into Ecolab's very on-brand origin story, how the business kept that core focus throughout its history, and how it became one of two vendors that any...

Today, we explore the world of tools to break down Snap-on. Snap-on has been around for over 100 years and operates with over a $17 billion market cap. It has continuously evolved the straightforward model of selling tools to specialists, like mechanics, into a durable business model while carving out a leadership position in the professional tools market.

My guest is Matt Fleming, portfolio manager at William Blair. Matt gets into what makes Snap-on stand out, the early days of tool innovation, the relationship-focused sales team built around a franchise model, and a financing program that dates back to...

Today we are breaking down Goosehead Insurance. I always enjoy hearing about how a new entrant has effectively carved out a niche in a world of incumbents and Goosehead fits that billing perfectly. 

I'm joined by Geoff Collette, founder and PM of Aeon Capital Partners, and he walks us through the story of Goosehead identifying a bottleneck in the home-buying process. 

We also cover the evolving market, where captives like State Farm and Allstate are leaving opportunities for independent players like Goosehead to provide value. 

There's a lot to learn from Goosehead and its...

Today, we are breaking down the food catering giant Compass Group. Whether it's your corporate cafeteria, the food stands at a sporting event, or the old hospital food tray, the food services industry is all around you. Compass is the giant in this space, with a history that dates back to the emergence of this outsourced trend.

My guest is Asif Jeevanjee, Chief Executive of Oakmount Capital. Asif talks through both the business and the sector. How does the ecosystem work? What do contracts typically look like? And why had I heard of Aramark...

Today we are breaking down EssilorLuxottica, a global leader in the eyewear industry, formed by the merger of Essilor and Luxottica in 2018. Today the business sports a nearly $130 billion market cap. EssilorLuxottica represents a vertically integrated business, encompassing design, manufacturing, distribution, and retail operations across both vision care and eyewear fashion segments.

To break down EssilorLuxottica, I am joined by Swetha Ramachandran who manages the Artemis ‘leading consumer brand’ strategy and is co-manager of the ‘global select’ and ‘global focus’ strategies. 

Swetha analyzes the strategic rationale behind the merger, assessing how it shaped the co...

Today we are breaking down Watsco, the market leader in HVAC distribution with a unique value proposition. If you've ever had an air conditioning issue, there's a decent chance it was a Watsco distributor on the other side of that phone call.

My guests today are Lucy Adams, Investment Director at Caledonia Investments, and Alan Murran, Co-Head of Public Companies at Caledonia Investments. Lucy and Alan help track the history of Watsco like the initial pivot from manufacturer to distributor and how Watsco formed relationships with the major OEMs like Carrier. We also dissect their re...

 ​Today, we are breaking down the  global alternative asset manager, Apollo. I reflected on my personal experiences with Apollo for this episode, and there's a saying that hard work can beat talent when talent doesn't work hard. Well, Apollo has talent, and Apollo works really damn hard. They will do everything they can to protect their capital, so if you're on the other side of the table from them, you never feel fully comfortable.

I am joined by Hunter Hopcroft, a financial analyst and writer based in New York. We get into what makes Apollo, Apollo, and Hunter...

Today we are breaking down machine vision leader, Cognex. Cognex Corporation is an American manufacturer of machine vision systems, software and sensors used in automated manufacturing to inspect and identify parts, detect defects, verify product assembly, and guide assembly robots. It is not your typical reoccurring revenue story. They are a self proclaimed cyclical that has tended to focus on a specific customer segment over time, looking for S curves that might trigger their next growth era.  

Our guest today is Brett Larson from NZS Capital. Brett and I covered Trane Technologies last year, and today he gi...

Today, we are breaking down Rolls-Royce. A fair warning to those expecting to hear about luxury automobiles, that division was split from this business in the 1970s. But as we discuss the history of Rolls-Royce on this episode, you will hear how the DNA of this company still ties together from its early 1900s origins.

Our guest is Graeme Forster from Orbis Investments. Graeme walks us through the core business of Rolls-Royce in the aerospace market, the evolving duopoly of the wide-body aircraft engine manufacturers, and the ups and downs of properly capturing the economic opportunity. I...

Today, we are replaying one of our favorites, breaking down the industrial conglomerate AMETEK. AMETEK is a great pairing with last week's episode on Jack Henry. These are two businesses with very long track records executing a playbook.

AMETEK is one of eight companies that Mark Leonard and his team at Constellation Software studied as they built their own empire. And it's one well worthy of a discussion as you'll hear. 

To break down AMETEK, I'm joined by Nael Fakhry, Co-CIO of the Osterweis Capital Management Growth and Income Strategy. Nael has spent a significant amo...

Today, we are breaking down Jack Henry. If you're not familiar with it, Mark Leonard of Constellation Software once referred to this business as their ‘gold standard.’ Jack Henry is a true best in class operator within the vertical market software space. 

To break down the business, I'm joined by Bob Desmond, Portfolio Manager and Head of Claremont Global. Jack Henry sells full operating system software that powers small and mid-sized banks. Like many great vertical market software businesses, M&A has been a piece of the puzzle, but Jack Henry puts a very delib...

This is Zack Fuss. Today, we are breaking down APi Group, a leading provider of life safety and specialty services to buildings and construction projects. While not necessarily a household name, APi's services play a vital role in the buildings where we live and work. 

With over 100 acquisitions under their belt, they've strategically built a business that exceeds a billion dollars in EBITDA and sports a market cap exceeding $10 billion dollars.  The evolution of the business has come via an intentional shift from one-off construction projects to a recurring revenue model, generating a steady stream of income by...

This is Zack Fuss. Today, we are breaking down Kaspi, a leading financial technology company based in Kazakhstan best known for its super app. Kaspi plays a central role in the lives of millions of Kazakh citizens by offering a seamless ecosystem that combines payments and digital wallets, e-commerce, and financial services. 

Its success is often attributed to its ability to solve pain points specific to the Kazakh market, such as low financial inclusion and limited access to traditional banking infrastructure. To break down Kaspi, I'm joined by the company's CEO and co-founder, Mikhail Lomtadze.  Over the pa...

Today's episode is the third in our three-part miniseries on video game consoles. Here, we are breaking down Nintendo. Our guest is Ryan O'Connor, the founder of Crossroads Capital. He has a wealth of knowledge about Nintendo, and you will hear it throughout this episode. 

We discuss the history of the brand and business, including how it revitalized the industry in the 1980s, some of its strategic decisions, and how the Nintendo Switch is a new economic opportunity for the business. That ties into the console thesis, which we have discussed in the previous two episodes.

This is the second episode of our multi-part series on the video game console market. If you've yet to listen to Episode One, Sia Kamalie is the founder and fund manager at Skycatcher. Join me in breaking down the video game console market and his thesis for why it's an inflecting opportunity. 

In this episode, we go micro and Sia is back to break down Sony. Sia and I spend a lot of time talking about catalysts and some of the dynamics that are happening under the hood of this massive conglomerate. Please enjoy this Breakdown on S...

Today's episode is the first in a multi-part series on the video game console market. Our guest is Sia Kamalie, the founder and fund manager at Skycatcher. Skycatcher describes itself as focused on capturing asymmetry at the internet frontier, and Sia has very strong conviction that the video game console market is entering a major paradigm shift with an app store model set to hit its inflection point.

We start with an overview of the video game console market, laying out its size and current state. In episodes two and three, we explore this theme in even...

This is Zack Fuss. Today, we're breaking down Arm Holdings. Arm designs the architecture powering billions of devices, from smartphones and data centers to IoT devices and automotive systems. In this episode, we'll explore Arm's unique value proposition and how it thrives as a licensing giant in a market dominated by leading-edge manufacturers.

To break down Arm, I am joined by Jay Goldberg, who is the CEO and lead analyst at D2D Advisory, a technology and strategy consultancy. We discuss its business model, the partnerships that drive its growth, and its role in enabling companies like...

Today, we are breaking down the global luxury group Kering. You know Kering from its brands Gucci, YSL, Bottega Veneta, Balenciaga, and the list goes on. It's a luxury house similar to LVMH, but LVMH over the past five years is up over 40% and Kering is down over 60%.

To break down Kering, I am joined by Jonathan Eng, portfolio manager at Causeway. We cover the owners and operators of Kering, the Pinault family. We also discuss wholesale distribution versus retail distribution and brand margin profiles. But Kering's core brand, Gucci, is different from much of what you...

Today we have a special year-end episode of Business Breakdowns, running through some of the best ideas that were featured on the podcast. The goal of the podcast is to detail whatever business we're covering that day. But when you think about the best investors, the best business builders, they're constantly borrowing insights from the success stories that are happening around them. 

We start with a high-level theme and then explore a business's life cycle, from establishing a niche with Gartner to building a culture at Live Oak to refining operations via the lens of Trane. We g...

Today we‘re breaking down FilterBuy. From time to time, I come across a compelling founder who is willing to cover everything about their business and David Heacock, founder of FilterBuy, is exactly that.

We explored the psychology of David's transition from Goldman options trader to starting an air filter business in Alabama just over 10 years ago. Since then, the business has grown into something that generates over $250 million in revenue as of today, 2024. 

We discussed the economics of air filters, and David shared a great story about how he found this specific market and wha...

Today we are covering the world of fast fashion. If you don't know the name Inditex, you certainly know Zara, the core business inside Inditex. My guest, Alistair Wittet, recently launched Aecus Partners, an equity boutique specializing in European and global equities, and has followed Inditex for decades. 

He gets into how the company pivoted its business over the years from the initial store expansion, the e-commerce evolution, and what has allowed Inditex to succeed where other fast fashion peers have struggled. There are so many interesting themes here: success in no-growth industries, the power of thoughtful v...

Today we are breaking down commercial real estate lending with Josh Zegen, co-founder and managing principal of Madison Realty Capital. 

Josh and his team at Madison launched in 2004 and evolved from a hard money lender when there really was no alternative industry called commercial real estate lending. They've developed into a single-source capital provider today with more than $21 billion in AUM.

Josh gets into great detail here about how it's not an all-or-nothing story when it comes to real estate. We covered some of the basics on construction loans, the life cycle of capital, and n...

Today we are breaking down SpaceX. Luke Ward from Baillie Gifford was the perfect match for this episode, as he and his team first invested in SpaceX in 2018.

We cover the story of SpaceX and its scientific magic, but we really key in on the business model. We focus on the cost curve of launches, separating manufacturing from reusability. Luke gets into how Starlink represents a key component in making the Starship program and the broader economic model click. We then use our intellectually honest galaxy brains to imagine what the space economy could look like in...

Today, we are covering the increasingly thematic market of venture secondaries. My guest is Ravi Viswanathan, founder and managing partner of NewView Capital. 

We cover some of the basics around these transactions because so much of private markets are bespoke. And while Ravi confirmed that the bespoke nature makes each individual secondary deal unique, there are consistencies in terms of how they approach the opportunity. 

We discuss the various players in the market and their motivations for buying and selling, whether they are VC sellers, founders, employee sellers, or VC buyers. Ravi lays out the st...

Today we are breaking down Informa. At its core Informa is a live events business headquartered in the UK. While media conversations often revolve around consumer giants like Disney, Informa operates in a different realm entirely - dominating the world of business-to-business connections through the largest portfolio of trade shows and events globally.

I am joined by Nick Shenton from Artemis Investment Management. With nearly 1,000 live events across industries ranging from pharmaceuticals to maritime, Informa creates the meeting places where entire supply chains come together to exchange knowledge, build networks, and do business. These industry events come...

This is Zack Fuss. Today we're breaking down Fastenal. Starting as a small fastener retailer in Minnesota, the company has evolved into a mission-critical supply chain partner for its industrial customers. Today, the business sports a nearly $50 billion market cap and produces nearly $8 billion in sales. 

The impact of Fastenal's founder, Bob Kierlin, on Fastenal's commercial success can't be overstated. The industrial vending machine was his original idea, a vision he made a reality years later through its network of local branches, onsite locations, embedded with customers and innovative inventory management technologies.

I'm joined by D...

Today, my guest is Fernando De Leon, founder of Leon Capital Group. Fernando operates 14 different businesses under the Leon Capital umbrella, which vary across real estate, healthcare, and financial services. But as you will hear in our conversation, the businesses are connected and instruct one another. The connective tissue throughout this conversation is how demographic insight sits underneath everything and is the foundation of what makes this business possible. 

As you will hear, there's no better person to talk about demographic dynamics than Fernando. Please enjoy this Breakdown on the demographics driving real estate. 

This is Zack Fuss. Today we are breaking down Merck, one of the world's largest and oldest pharmaceutical companies. The company has been shaping medicine and fostering innovation for over 130 years. From its humble beginnings as a small family pharmacy in Germany, today's iteration of Merck has transformed into a nearly $300 billion market cap business with particular strength in oncology. 

At the heart of Merck's recent success is Keytruda, arguably the world's most important cancer drug. This single medication now generates over $25 billion in annual revenue. But, Merck's story is not only about Keytruda, it's about a c...

Today we are breaking down American Tower: the REIT, the communications giant, and the infrastructure asset. To break down American Tower I'm joined by William Heard, founder and CIO of Heard Capital Management. William founded Heard Capital in 2011. 

Today, the firm manages $2 billion in assets, holds about 15 to 20 names, and has very specific criteria for investing in companies. We cover AMT from all angles—the long life, physical assets that underpin the business, the contracted and highly visible revenue stream, the secular growth story, and some of the micro dynamics. American Tower represents so many things in the...

Today, we are breaking down the insurance giant AIG. AIG's story is one of a remarkable turnaround, a tale of a global insurance giant emerging from near collapse during the great financial crisis. Over nearly two decades, AIG has transformed itself into a more focused and efficient property and casualty insurer.  

To grasp the magnitude of AIG's journey, consider this: During the financial crisis, the company required a $180 billion bailout from the U. S. government, a sum it fully repaid with interest. 

To help tell the story of AIG's transformation and its current position, I'm joi...

Today we are getting into the world of coffee with Gregory Zamfotis, the founder of Gregorys Coffee. We breakdown the New York City born coffee chain that now spans across twelve US states. 

This is a true look into what it takes to open up a coffee shop and the economics behind it. We get into what it's like to innovate in an industry where innovation can last a week before a competitor releases the same thing on their menu. And Greg also shares all of the challenges around going from one store to a second store t...