Odin & Aesop

The United States entered the Second World War following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941.  The United States and Great Britain agreed on the need to defeat NAZI Germany before Japan.  U.S. military leaders favored an immediate invasion of Western Europe across the English Channel.  The British argued that Allied forces weren’t ready to land in Europe and instead proposed landing in North Africa.  Landing in North Africa would relieve pressure on the Soviets, secure shipping lanes, and give the Allies an opportunity to decisively defeat a large German force.  President Roosevelt agreed with the British...

James Ellman the author of Patton Reconsidered joins the Odin and Aesop podcast to discuss his latest book.   James conducted exhaustive research into the General George S Patton as wartime commander.  He went back through the primary sources and has tried to correct many of the myths that surround a man that many consider America’s finest combat commander.  Tonight we sit down and discuss his results and get a feel for what he has learned while conducting his research for his recently published book Patton Reconsidered.  

Fidel Catro overthrew Fulgencio Batista and assumed power in Cuba in January 1959.  Relations between Cuba and the United States soured.   Castro's government nationalized American-owned property, implemented land reforms, and established diplomatic and economic ties with the Soviet Union.  By 1960, President Eisenhower had decided to overthrow Fidel Castro.  The Central Intelligence Agency recruited and trained a brigade of Cuban exiles for the job.  Peter Wyden tells the story of what happened in April 1961 when they landed in Cuba in “Bay of Pigs: The Untold Story”. 

By the middle of 1942 Japanese Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto sought a reckoning with the United States Navy.  The Japanese wanted to neutralize the United States Navy and consolidate their early gains.  Yamamoto’s plan was to draw the United States Navy’s aircraft carriers into a decisive battle by threatening the island of Midway 1,300 miles northwest of Hawaii.  The United States Navy took the bait.  It took the bait armed with intelligence of the Japanese plan.  Mark Stille tells the story of what happened when the two fleets clashed in “Midway: The Pacific War’s Most Famous Battle”.

This Pulitzer Prize winning book traces the Central Intelligence Agency’s (CIA) involvement in Afghanistan.  Starting in 1979, it explains how the CIA funneled arms to the Afghan mujahideen through Pakistan’s intelligence service in conjunction with money from Saudi Arabia.  Next, it provides the details and complexities of how the CIA subsequently attempted to confront the rise in radical Islamic militancy, Osama bin Laden and Al-Queda, and the Taliban.  Steve Coll tells the story in “Ghost Wars: The Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan, and Bin Laden”.

The Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan in December 1979.  It was supposed to be a swift operation to install a loyal communist government.  The Soviets were initially successful in gaining control of the cities and major infrastructure but became bogged down and flummoxed fighting against mujahideen guerillas in Afghanistan’s rugged mountains.  The Soviet – Afghan War went on for ten years and cost the Soviet army an estimated 15,000 dead.  After the Soviets withdrew, the government they were backing in Kabul collapsed three years later.  The former British ambassador to Moscow, Rodric Braithwaite, tells the Soviet side of the story in, “Afgantsy: The Russian...

Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nassar announced Egypt was taking control of the British and French owned Suez Canal Company in July 1956.  He took this action to fund the Aswan Dam he wanted built.  In response to Nassar seizing the canal, Britain, France, and Israel secretly planned a joint invasion.  Israel would advance towards the canal through the Sinai Peninsula while Britain and France would intervene and regain control of the canal under the guise of being peacekeepers.  Barry Turner explains why the plan did not work in, “Suez 1956: The Inside Story of the First Oil War.” 

Bill Richardson was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and enlisted in the Army in 1945.  He deployed to Korea when war broke out in 1950 and fought northward up the length of the Korean peninsula as part of the Army’s 1st Cavalry Division.  On November 5th, 1950, Richardson was captured by the Chinese during the Battle of Unsan.  He spent roughly the next three years enduring brutal captivity.  So brutal 38% of American prisoners died.  Somehow Richardson survived with his spirit unbroken.  After being freed and returning to the United States, he served the rest of his 40 years in Army service.  He tells the story...

Among other things, Thomas Edward Lawrence was an author, archeologist, and British Army officer.  During the First World War, he served as a liaison between the British and the Arab tribes fighting Ottoman rule in the western Arabian desert.  Lawrence spent approximately two years and covered hundreds of miles by camel in this role.  His campaign was successful in toppling Ottoman rule yet failed to fully meet the Arab tribes’ aspirations for self-rule.  Lawrence tells the story in “Seven Pillars of Wisdom”.

Within a few short years, drones went from being a niche capability reserved for technically advanced militaries to something ubiquitous on the modern battlefield.  According to the Atlantic Council, Ukraine was producing 200,000 first person view drones per month by early 2025.  The Ukrainians used those drones to inflict up to 80% of Russian battlefield casualties.  That conflict continues and so does its use of drones.  Meanwhile, Hamas used drones to as part of the October 7th attacks.  The Houthis have used drones to attack US Navy ships in the Red Sea and drones are being extensively used by Iran in the ongoi...

Tameichi Hara descended from Japan’s samurai class.  He graduated from the Imperial Japanese Naval Academy in 1921 and began a career at sea.  When war started with the United States in 1941, Hara was serving as the captain of the destroyer Amatsukaze.  He went on to command a destroyer division and participated in major engagements throughout the war.  His last assignment at sea was captain of the light cruiser Yahagi tasked with a suicide mission to attack Allied forces during the Battle of Okinawa.  The Yahagi was sunk but somehow Hara survived.  He was the only Japanese destroyer captain at the star...

On 30 April 1980 six Iranian Arabs seized the Iranian Embassy in the center of London and took 26 people hostage.  They demanded the release of prisoners in Iran and safe passage out of the United Kingdom.  British authorities managed to get five hostages released in return for minor concessions, but time passed, and tensions rose.  On the sixth day, the hostage takers killed one of their captives.  This killing triggered the British to launch an assault to rescue the remaining hostages.  The roughly seventeen-minute assault was carried out by the British Army’s Special Air Service.  Since all this took place in the c...

The A Shau Valley is in the mountainous northwest corner of what used to be South Vietnam.  It is right across the border from Laos.  Because of its location, the A Shau formed a natural hub for the North Vietnamese Army to move their units and supplies into South Vietnam and threaten the more heavily populated coastal plains.  The United States tried multiple times and multiple ways to disrupt what the North Vietnamese were doing.  Some of the Vietnam War's heaviest combat ensued.  Jay Phillips tells the story in "A Shau: Crucible of the Vietnam War"

The island of Crete sits in the Eastern Mediterranean.  In 1941 the Germans decided to seize Crete, “As a base for air warfare against Great Britain in the Eastern Mediterranean”.  The elite paratroopers of Germany’s 7th Air Division were assigned to lead the attack.  They would be reinforced by more troops arriving by sea and air.  It was Germany’s biggest airborne operation of the war by far.  The German attack started on May 20th, 1941.  Approximately German 8,060 troops jumped into Crete or flew in by glider.   Crete’s British, Australian, New Zealand, and Greek defenders knew the Germans were coming.  Antony B...

The 24th Marine Amphibious Unit (MAU) landed in Beirut Lebanon on May 29th, 1983, as part of a peacekeeping force during Lebanon’s Civil War.  Once ashore, the MAU’s battalion landing team, BLT 1/8, took up positions around Beirut International Airport.  Things escalated and the Marines began regularly taking fire.  They suffered their first deaths on August 29th when Staff Sergeant Alexander Ortega and Second Lieutenant George Losey were killed by mortar fire.  Then on October 23rd, the Marine barracks was attacked by a suicide truck bomber.  241 U.S. personnel were killed.  This attack remains the single deadliest day in Marine Cor...

Japan devastated the United States’ fleet with a surprise attack at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii on December 7th, 1941.  The Japanese followed up on their Pearl Harbor attack by seizing Guam, Wake Island, Hong Kong, Singapore, and the Philippines.  The Japanese seemed almost unstoppable while the United States asked itself, “What are we going to do, or what can we do, now?”  With direction from President Roosevelt to strike Japan, the United States came up with a plan.   On April 18, 1942, sixteen U.S. Army bombers took off from the USS Hornet on a one-way mission to bomb Japan.  James Scott explains how this rai...

Rhodesia, now called the Republic of Zimbabwe, used to be a self-governing British colony.   In November 1965, the Cabinet of Rhodesia unilaterally declared independence from Britain in an effort to preserve white minority rule.   The Rhodesian Bush War, also known as the Rhodesian Civil War, followed.  It lasted until December 1979.  This protracted guerilla war pitted Rhodesia’s globally isolated government against the African nationalist Zimbabwe African Nationalist Union (ZANU) and Zimbabwe African People’s Union.  Eventually ZANU prevailed and its leader, Robert Mugabe, was elected Prime Minister in February 1980.   Paul Moorcraft and Peter MacLaughlin tell the story in “The Rhodesian War Fifty Ye...

South Vietnam has a long coastline and lots of waterways, particularly in the Mekong River Delta at the southern tip of the country.  In 1968 U.S. Naval Forces Vietnam had roughly 38,000 sailors serving in country.  Their main tasks were to prevent supplies from reaching the Viet Cong, stopping Viet Cong movements, helping move U.S. Army units along the water, and guarding ports and harbors.  It was dangerous work.  1,631 sailors were killed in action, 935 died from other causes, and 4,178 were wounded.  Lieutenant Commander Thomas Cutler served in Vietnam and tells the story. 

The Germans launched “Operation Citadel” on July 5th, 1943.  They wanted to encircle and destroy Soviet forces in a salient centered on the city of Kursk.  The Soviets knew they were coming and had spent months preparing.  What followed was the greatest land battle in history.  About two million men with 6,000 tanks, 35,000 guns, and 5,000 aircraft fought into late August.  Despite horrific losses, the Soviets stood their ground.  Lloyd Clark tells the story in “The Battle of the Tanks: Kursk 1943”.

John G. Bourke won the Medal of Honor during the American Civil War.  He stayed in the army and graduated from West Point in 1869.  Between 1869 and 1883, Bourke served on the frontier with much of that time spent as an aide to General George Crook.  Bourke saw action in the Apache Wars and Great Sioux War.  He clashed with Sitting Bull, Crazy Horse, and Geronimo.  Bourke was a keen observer and chronicled his varied experiences.  He published them in 1892 under the title of "On the Border With Crook."  This book is a raw, insightful, and fascinating firsthand account of life in Amer...

The Korean peninsula was split into two countries after the Second World War.  The Soviet backed North and the U.S. backed South.  North Korea tried to unify the two by invading South Korea in June 1950.  Initially North Korea had great success.  It pushed South Korea's small military aside and rushed down the peninsula while the United States tried to get forces onto the peninsula.  The North Koreans were finally stopped around the port of Pusan at the very bottom of the Korean peninsula.  While fighting around Pusan was going on, the U.S. commander, General Douglas MacArthur, contemplated his ne...

Japan captured and occupied China’s sea ports at the onset of World War Two.  That lead to hundreds of thousands of Chinese laborers building a road through Burma to get supplies to China.  That road got blocked when Burma fell to the Japanese.  Next, American engineers began building another road through hundreds of miles of steep jungle while pilots flew supplies into China over the Himalayas.  Meanwhile, American and British forces fought to keep the Japanese at bay in remote jungle battles.  All this took place while America’s focus of effort was on defeating Germany first.  Donovan Webster te...

In 1899, the British went to war with the Boer Republics.  This was when the British Empire was close to its blazing zenith and unquestionably the ranking world power.  Any war against the somewhat backward Boers on a remote border of the empire in southern Africa would surely be quick and decisive.  It did not turn out that way.  As Rudyard Kipling put it, the Boers gave the British “no end of a lesson.”  Thomas Pakenham tells the story in “The Boer War.” 

The United States and Soviet Union stood on opposite sides of the Cold War.  Both tried to project strength and both possessed immense arsenals of nuclear weapons.  A fundamental problem for both superpowers was figuring out what the other side was doing.  What were they capable of?  What were they thinking?   The United States relied on its submarines to help answers those questions throughout the Cold War.  The missions these submarine crews went on were months long and involved great risks.  They were also carried out in absolute secrecy.  At least until now.  Sherry Sontag and Christopher Drew tell the story...

The Japanese attacked the Philippines almost simultaneous with their December 7th, 1941 attack on the U.S. fleet at Pearl Harbor.  Following Japanese air attacks, the Japanese 14th Army landed in the Philippines on December 8th.  By January 1942, the Japanese had U.S. and Filipino forces bottled up on the Bataan Peninsula.  Those U.S. and Filipino forces surrendered on May 8th.  It is arguably America’s worst military defeat ever.  Among the roughly 12,000 Americans taken prisoner were four Navy doctors.  John Glusman tells their story in “Conduct Under Fire: Four American Doctors and Their Fight for Life as Prisoners of the Jap...

NAZI scientists relied on heavy water to produce the right uranium isotope for an atomic weapon.  They produced most of their heavy water at a hydroelectric in occupied Norway called Vemork.  In February 1943, a small group of Norwegian commandos slipped into Vemork, blew it up, and made their escape.  This is after months of reconnaissance and preparation in the frozen wilderness.  Neal Bascomb tells the story in “The Winter Fortress.”  

In October 2001, the United States began aerial bombing of Afghanistan in response to the terrorist group Al Queda’s attacks of September 11th.  Special Forces followed up by teaming with the Taliban’s opponents – the Northern Alliance – and by late November / early December 2001 the Taliban had been driven from power.  That didn’t mean the Taliban and Al Queda had gone away or given up.  They had moved and gone underground.  One of the places they went to was Afghanistan’s Shahikot Valley.  In March 2002, the U.S. conducted Operation Anaconda to root them out.  It was the first large scale ground...

William Manchester served in the Marine Corps during the Second World War.  He was wounded during the Battle of Okinawa.  After the war, Manchester established himself as a journalist in Baltimore, an adjunct professor at Wesleyan University, and an author.  In 1978, he returned to the Pacific and visited various places connected either with his service or the Pacific campaign.  That trip forms the basis of this book, “Goodbye, Darkness: A Memoir of the Pacific War.”

Bill Peters was commissioned in the Marine Corps via Officer Candidate School.  After completing the Basic School at Quantico, Virginia, he was assigned to Vietnam as a platoon commander in First Force Reconnaissance Company in 1969.  Peters conducted twenty-three long-range patrols in enemy-controlled territory, was wounded, and decorated for bravery. He tells the story in “First Force Recon Company: Sunrise at Midnight.”

The Algerian War of Independence lasted from 1954 to 1962.  It carried heavy costs for both sides.  Estimates vary but upwards of a million Muslim Algerians died; roughly a million Pied Noir (settlers of European descent) were driven into exile; and France was driven to the brink of civil war.  Alistair Horne tells the story in “A Savage War of Peace.” 

Siegfried Knappe served in the German Army from 1936 until 1949.  He was a member of the German General Staff.  Knappe was wounded multiple times and saw action in France as well as the Eastern and Italian fronts.  He ended the war in and out of Hitler’s bunker during the Battle of Berlin before spending several years in Soviet captivity.  This book provides candid insight into the German Army from the inside out.      

The United States entered World War One on April 6th, 1917. Going to war in Europe meant the United States had to greatly expand its Army.  It had enlist, train, organize, equip, and deploy hundreds of thousands of young men.  One of the units that was part of this expansion was the 79th Infantry Division which was activated in August 1917.  Many of the soldiers in the 79th Infantry Division were draftees from Baltimore, Washington, and Philadelphia.  By the time they were deactivated less than two years later, 6,874 of their Division comrades had been killed or wounded.  Gene Fax tells the story...

Company E, 506th Regiment was part of the U.S. Army’s 101st Airborne Division.  It was formed in 1942 and comprised of young volunteers that were generally new to the army.  Company E received its baptism by fire in June 1944 when it jumped into NAZI occupied France.  It went on to jump into Holland as part of Operation Market-Garden; helped blunt the German advance by holding the town of Bastogne during the Battle of the Bulge; and then drove across Germany to secure Hitler’s final defeat.  During its advance across Europe, Company E sustained 150% casualties.  Stephen Ambrose tells Easy Comp...

Sierra Leone’s civil war lasted from 1991 until 2002.  It was marked by exceptional levels of cruelty and suffering.  During this civil war the United Nations, neighboring West African states, and the United Kingdom launched military interventions into Sierra Leone.  The United Kingdom’s intervention was called Operation Palliser.  In September 2000 eleven British soldiers participating in Operation Palliser were captured by a militia gang known as the West Side Boys.  When it became clear negotiating with the West Side Boys was proving futile, the British decided to take military action to free their soldiers.  William Fowler’s “Operation Barras” tells the story of wha...

On November 20th, 1953 thousands of French paratroopers dropped into a place called Dien Bien Phu.  Dien Bien Phu is a small valley in the northern part of Vietnam close to Laos.  The French plan was to establish a base at Dien Bien Phu, keep it resupplied by air, and then use it as a place to launch operations against the Viet Minh.  The French underestimated the scale of the force the Viet Minh would concentrate around Dien Bien Phu.  Before long, the French were besieged and doomed to defeat.  This battle ended French rule in Indochina.  Bernard Fall explains what h...

The First Allied Airborne Army launched an attack into the German occupied Netherlands on September 17, 1944.  Eventually over the 41,000 troops went in by parachute and glider.  The idea was for this huge airborne force to seize nine bridges stretched across 64 miles of the Netherlands.  Seizing these bridges would allow the British Army’s XXX Corps to advance rapidly across the rivers and into Germany.  It was a bold plan that ultimately failed.  Cornelius Ryan explains why in “A Bridge Too Far”.  

On June 1942, Germany’s Army Group South started an offensive called Case Blue or Plan Blue.  The idea was to sprint out off eastern Ukraine, across the Russian steppe, and into the Caucasus to capture the oil fields there.  As part of this big effort, the German Sixth Army attempted to capture the city of Stalingrad on the Volga River.  The Sixth Army reached Stalingrad in August.  The fighting was ferocious.  In November the Soviets launched offensives of their own north and south of Stalingrad.  Those two pincers linked up and trapped the Germans in a cauldron.  Fighting continued in Stalin...

On June 27, 1976, an Air France flight from Tel Aviv to Paris was hijacked by a group of Arab and German terrorists.  They demanded the release of 53 terrorists and diverted the plane to Entebbe, Uganda.  On July 4th, Israeli commandos disguised as Ugandan soldiers flew over 2,000 miles, assaulted the airport, killed the terrorists, and rescued all but three of the hostages within an hour. The Israeli assault force suffered one fatality: its commander, Yoni Netanyahu (brother of Israel's current Prime Minister).  Saul David’s “Operation Thunderbolt” is a definitive account of what happened.

By the end of 1914, World War One has stagnated into an industrial age nightmare.  The British and French sat opposite the Germans in trenches running through France from the coast to the Alps.  Things weren’t much different in the East where the early Russian advance had been defeated.  The British looked for options.  What could they do to alter the situation?  They looked at the Dardanelles Straits.  This narrow waterway connects the Black Sea with the Aegean Sea.  The Turks had mined the strait and fortified its coastline but if the British could land troops and their ships could for...

Military Assistance Command, Vietnam – Studies and Observations Group (MACV-SOG) was established in January 1964 to conduct unconventional warfare operations.  These included reconnoitering and disrupting North Vietnamese activities in Laos and Cambodia.  Given the sensitive nature of MACV-SOG’s work, its missions were classified.  John Plaster served three years with MACV-SOG and tells the unit’s story in “SOG: The Secret Wars of America's Commandos in Vietnam.”