Unlimited Opinions - Philosophy, Theology, Linguistics, & More

Why should we care about prudence? Isn't prudence really just a lack of acting? Surely, it can't be too important! Fr. Garrigou-Lagrange, of course, disagrees! Join us as we discuss the necessity of prudence in every single action, how imprudence leads to very grave sins, and why none of the virtues would work without prudence. We also provide some brief thoughts on Lagrange's support of Vichy France!

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Sense-data is real, and we have a real relation to the sensed thing; so holds Fr. Garrigou-Lagrange. Join us as we discuss what distinguishes real sensation from visions and hallucinations, and why it really matters that we relate to the things we sense.

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How does the mind know that it exists, and what does this have to do with God? Find out as we discuss Fr. Garrigou-Lagrange's thoughts on the Thomistic notion that the mind knows itself through some species while the soul is united with the body, and how this relates to God's knowledge of Himself and the begetting of the Son!

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How can we know anything? Are we just stuck in our own heads, never actually interacting with the physical world? Or are we just material, and what we think is knowledge is actually just the results of chemical reactions? Find out as we discuss Fr. Garrigou-Lagrange's Thomistic view of knowledge, in which the knower, in a way, becomes something other than himself!

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What does it mean to be a philosophical realist? Find out as we discuss Fr. Garrigou-Lagrange's explanation of the classical definition of truth, and how that relates to the law of non-contradiction, efficient causality, and final causality! We also discuss the importance of being itself, and why the subjectivists continue to get things wrong.

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Doesn't everyone view definitions as just common sense? Doesn't everybody agree on what things are? Doesn't everyone agree that things are themselves definable? Surprisingly, the answer to these questions is "no!" Join us as we discuss Aristotle's view of definitions in the Posterior Analytics and St. Thomas' commentary on this view, as told by Garrigou-Lagrange. We discuss why definitions matter so much, how nominalism has likely destroyed much of our culture, how we are not better off in every way than people 800 years ago, and the ever-present question: what is a woman?

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After a long break, we are back for Season 15! Join us as we begin discussing Philosophizing in Faith, a collection of essays by Réginald Garrigou-Lagrange, O.P., a 20th-century neo-Thomist philosopher and theologian. 

In this episode, we provide some historical background of who Garrigou-Lagrange was, and what neo-Thomism is, as well as discussing translator Matthew Minerd's introduction to the book. We then turn to the first essay, "On the Twofold Via inventionis and the Twofold Via iudicii According to St. Thomas", in which Lagrange discusses how we come to know God through temporal things, and how we k...

Did Russell Kirk accurately predict the revival of conservatism in late 20th-century America and England? Not really, but his discussion of the goals of conservatism remain lovely. Join us as we discuss the need for conservative leaders to encourage spiritual revival, encourage leadership, reshape education, provide a purpose to the common man, and stabilize the economy. 

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Santayana: Latin rock guitarist or materialist conservative thinker? Find out as we discuss Irving Babbitt, Paul Elmer More, and George Santayana, exploring what their critiques of early 20th-century American utilitarianism, materialism, and pragmatism mean for political conservatism today. 

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Do conservatives achieve any victories past the 19th century? Find out on this (somewhat depressing) episode of Unlimited Opinions, as we look at how conservatives struggle to make any lasting change in early 20th-century England. We discuss George Gissing's critique of "the science," Arthur Balfour's inability to make any lasting impact, and the truly great insights of W.H. Mallock on religion, culture, and ability.

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What happens to conservatism in a world full of technological and societal change? In this episode, we discuss four pessimistic American thinkers: James Russel Lowell, E.L. Godkin, Henry Adams, and Brooks Adams. While hurt by their pessimism for the American future, they still have deeply relevant thoughts on progress, the media, and economic conditions. We also discuss our run-ins with Stoicism and a self-professed Epicurean.

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Can a coalition of people opposed to the excesses of liberalism, socialism, and utilitarianism really be classified as conservative? At the very least, Russell Kirk sees them as relevant to the history of conservatism! Join us as we discuss the thoughts of James Fitzjames Stephen, Henry Maine, and W.E.H. Lecky, and how they relate to the idea of conservatism. 

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What is the best counter to Marxism? To Disraeli and Newman, imagination. To the former, a richer view of the necessity of the nation; to the latter, a view of education as being oriented toward virtue and God. Join us as we discuss the various approaches to countering 19th-century liberalism in this episode of Unlimited Opinions!

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From Unitarianism to socialism to Roman Catholicism, Orestes Brownson shows the potential of American conservatism founded on a deeper truth. Join us in this episode as we discuss the various philosophical movements in the transitional period of early- to mid-19th century America. Alongside Brownson, we discuss John Quincy Adams, Ralph Waldo Emerson, and Nathaniel Hawthorne, analyzing their relation to conservativism.

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How do we conserve liberty in a society? Is it by curtailing the dangers of democratization? By using religious and social institutions as a bulwark? By increasing technological capabilities? Find out this and more as we discuss Thomas Babington Macaulay, James Fenimore Cooper, Alexis de Tocqueville, Elon Musk, J.D. Vance, Josh Hawley, and more!

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Do Randolph and Calhoun make convincing arguments for a coherent southern conservatism? How can you advocate for a political philosophy while still supporting slavery? More importantly, is love really love? All this and more as we continue discussing Russell Kirk's The Conservative Mind!

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Has conservatism really defeated utilitarianism? Or are modern conservatives just utilitarians at their core? Find out as we discuss Jeremy Bentham, James Mill, John Stuart Mill, Walter Scott, George Canning, and Samuel Coleridge in their war for English politics!

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Was Adams truly the most conservative voice among the Founding Fathers? How does he compare to Alexander Hamilton and Fisher Ames? What has been the impact of Adams' influence on the United States to this day? Find out all this and more as we continue discussing Russell Kirk's The Conservative Mind!

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Is Edmund Burke really the founder of modern conservatism? What do his insights into prejudice, natural law, and divine providence mean for us today? Was he justified in opposing the French Revolution so strongly? Find out as we discuss Chapter 2 of Russell Kirk's The Conservative Mind!

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Season premiere! Join us as we begin discussing Russell Kirk's 1953 The Conservative Mind, reading Kirk's discussion of the history of conservatism from Edmund Burke to T.S. Eliot. In this first episode, we break down Kirk's goal in writing the book, his six canons of conservatism, and the four major claims of its opponents. 

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What do we think of Plato's Republic overall? Find out as we conclude our discussion of this cornerstone work as we read the Book X, in which Plato elaborates on his theory of art and representation; describes how he views the soul as immortal; and provides a case for the practical rewards of being a justice person. 

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Can you pursue happiness by chasing fleeting pleasures? If not, how can we finally demonstrate that? Join us for our thoughts on Plato's conclusion that the pursuit of knowledge leads to the highest form of happiness, demolishing any argument in favor of pursuing any lower goods!

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How does Plato's ideal state collapse? What kind of society does it become, and what does the soul of the person represented by that society look like? Find out as we discuss the origin and development of timarchy, oligarchy, democracy, and tyranny, as well as their corresponding faults!

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The perfect society can only be achieved by banishing everyone over the age of 10 and starting fresh! At least, according to Plato. Join us as we discuss Book VII of the Republic, discussing what the allegory of the cave really means and Socrates' description of the ideal education for the philosopher-king.

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What makes someone truly a philosopher? How does knowledge differ from opinion? Does evil really exist? Find out as we discuss all this and more, breaking down Plato's definition of what a philosopher is, and whether it is possible to put philosopher-kings in place.

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Is this the worst book of the Republic? Does Plato think that anything he is describing is achievable? Find out as we discuss Book V, in which Socrates outlines the sameness of men and women, the benefits of having children in common, and the beginning of what it means to be a philosopher.

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Join us as we discuss Book IV of Plato's Republic, which we (surprisingly) both enjoyed! We continue our discussion by reflecting on the necessity of education for the existence of a culture, whether a state needs to be a certain size for unity to exist, and ultimately how Socrates' imagine state reflects the soul. 

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Is Plato prescribing what he says in the Republic as literal guidance on how to run a state, or is this all just an extreme allegory for the ordering of the soul? Listen to us debate this exact question on this episode of Unlimited Opinions, discussing what messages in art ought to be outlawed; the relation of moral character and beauty; the different classes of citizens; and much more!

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Thrasymachus, didn't do that bad of a job of arguing in favor of injustice, did he? Glaucon and Adeimantus seem to think so! Join us as we consider the stronger argument in favor of acting unjustly, discussing the Ring of Gyges, the origins of society, and the beginning of Socrates' discussion of the education of the Guardians!

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Is it better to be just than unjust, and what makes something subjective? Find out as we discuss Book I of Plato's Republic, breaking down the opening discussion on old age, Polemarchus' traditional definition of justice as doing good to your friends and harm to your enemies, and Thrasymachus' view of justice as what is in the interest of the stronger party. Additionally, we consider what it means to strive for human excellence.

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Join us as we begin our discussion of one of the most foundational texts in Western history: Plato's Republic! In this episode, we talk about our prior knowledge and opinions of Plato, the historical background leading up to the writing of the work, and what we hope to gain from reading it again. In this season, we are reading Sir Desmond Lee's Penguin Classics translation of the work, but will also be pulling insights from the original Greek and Paul Shorey's Loeb translation, as well as Allan Bloom's. We also discuss an opportunity to get a free 1 of 2000 limited e...

In the end, what does Allan Bloom recommend in The Closing of the American Mind? Not much, as it turns out. After an excellent diagnosis of the problems facing American higher education, Bloom ends on a pessimistic note, stating that no reforms can fix the problems in the university. Is this true? Find out as we discuss our thoughts on Bloom's work and ideas on how to fix the university!

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Where have Allan Bloom's descriptions of the modern university gotten us? Where have all of these philosophical trends ended up? Join us as we discuss the first half of the last chapter of The Closing of the American Mind, examining what the fight for the university looked like in 1987, and how that fight has changed (or larger remained the same) for us today.

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Why did all university professors and administrators capitulate to the insane mobs of student radicals in the sixties? Find out as we continue discussing Allan Bloom's The Closing of the American Mind, discussing how the 1960s carried along the most damaging threads in prior educational history, ultimately ripping out the foundations of what education ought to be.

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What does Gulliver's Travels have to do with the development of the modern education system? Why does classical scholarship see renewed interests in periods of philosophical interest? Why spend 70 pages on one chapter detailing various components of philosophic history before getting to your point on education? Find out as we continue discussing Allan Bloom's The Closing of the American Mind!

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Was Socrates really all that great? What does he have to say about education, anyway? Find out as we discuss Socrates' impact on the idea and purpose of philosophy, as well as the reasons for our modern society favoring nameless globalist scientists as the architects of civilization!

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Can education actually exist without tradition? In the equalizing system of democracy, is education ever really valuable? Should we just give up on the whole idea of a university altogether? Join us for this and more as we continue discussing Allan Bloom's The Closing of the American Mind!

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How do we recover Western Civilization from its current state? How do we get people to recognize that there is more to our foundations than we realize, and that America is more than just the past century? Allan Bloom's answer: raising the important questions. Join us for this and more, as we discuss how to create a Turning Point in American history.

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Marxism is boring now. So says Allan Bloom. Join us as we discuss the omnipresence of Marxism among the Left, and why the philosophy of the class struggle may not be exactly the crux of the Left, but a desecration of the dignity and depth of man.

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What happens to a culture when rationalism takes precedence over belief in anything eternal? Exactly what we've seen over the past 70 years, of course! Join us as we discuss Allan Bloom's thoughts on values, the issues of cultural relativism, and what the future holds for societies with unstable foundations.

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