英语每日一听 | 每天少于5分钟

The images reveal intricate details in the ancient tattoos, which picture leopards, a stag, a rooster and the mythical griffin creature that is half lion and half eagle.图片揭示了这些古老纹身中精美复杂的细节，纹身图案包括豹子、一只雄鹿、一只公鸡以及一只神话异兽，它长着狮身鹰首。

The tattooed woman, aged about 50, was from the horse-riding warrior Pazyryk people, who lived on the vast steppe between China and Europe in the 5th century BC.还有一名有纹身的女性，大约 50 岁，来自擅长在马背上作战的巴泽雷克民族，他们在公元前五世纪生活在中国与欧洲之间的广阔草原上。

The archaeologists worked with a tattooist who reproduces ancient skin decorations on his own body to understand how exactly they were made.考古学家们与一位在自己身上复刻古代纹身图案的纹身师合作，以深入了解古人究竟是如何制作出这些图案的。

The team say the decorations were so crisp and uniform that modern tattooists would find it challenging to produce them. They believe that the tattoos were first stencilled onto the skin. Then two needle-like tools were probably used, made from animal horn or bone. The pigment was likely made from burned plants or soot.该研究团队表示，这些纹身图案线条非常清晰且整齐，即使对现代纹身师来说，也颇具挑战性。他们认为，这些纹身最初是用镂空模板在皮肤上描绘出来的。然后可能用了两种针状的刺青工

The work towards a better world is not automated.通往更美好世界的努力，并不是自动化的。

No computer could take this job.没有一台电脑能够承担这份工作。

Of audacious hope. Of unfounded optimism.这份工作属于大胆的希望，属于无凭无据的乐观。

We are the unprompted.我们是不需要提示的人。

In the face of the bleakest calculations.即便面对最冷酷的演算结果。

We aspire in a way no algorithm could advise.我们怀抱的渴望，是任何算法都无法给予的。

And that is what will save us from the abyss.而正是这一点，将把我们从深渊中拯救出来。

Solely we are our saviors, but just as every hero has their gadgets,唯有人类自己才是自己的救赎者，但就像每位英雄都有自己的工具。

Technology can be the engine of our altruism.科技可以成为我们利他之心的引擎。

Every invention is just an extension of your hand.每一项发明，都只是你手的延伸。

So in the same way that a hammer can both build

The displaced children without homes do not cry mechanical tears.无家可归的流离儿童流下的，不是机械的眼泪。

About a simulated hunger induced by virtual war.他们的饥饿，不是虚拟战争所模拟出来的假象。

The viruses they suffer from are not the zeros and ones in your devices.他们所遭受的病毒，并不是你设备里零和一构成的代码。

Cured by simple software reset. If only the world had such a button.那些病毒不能靠一次简单的软件重启来治愈。要是世界也有这样一个按钮就好了。

We've got our heads so far up in the cloud we forget that the ground exists.我们的头颅早已埋进云端，以至于忘记了地面依然存在。

New prompt: is this modernity?新的提示：这就是所谓的现代性吗？

Marveling at machines that can read and write.我们惊叹于机器竟然能读能写。

When currently 700 million adults are illiterate?可此刻仍有七亿成年人是文盲。

New prompt: is this innovation?新的提示：这就是所谓的创新吗？

Chipped by click workers in dark, dank rooms without proper compensation?由那些在黑暗潮湿的房间里，得不到合理报酬的“点击工人”所凿刻完成？

I fill my empty 3 ams with spineless phone scrolls, Text abbreviations,And uni-human conversations. AI chat bots answer all my aimless interrogations:我用毫无意义的手机刷屏、缩写的文字，和一些非人不人的对话来填满我空洞的凌晨三点。AI 聊天机器人回答了我所有漫无目的的疑问：

like, how do I answer an email that does not find me well?Or oh my gosh, my crush just texted me, what do I say?
比如：我该怎么回复一封“希望你一切安好”但其实我并不好时的邮件？或者：天啊，我的暗恋对象刚给我发了消息，我该说什么？

Or is it true, what the headlines say?That the world is crumbling beneath our feet,And we do nothing but crumble with it?还是说，新闻头条所写的都是真的？世界正崩塌在我们脚下，而我们所做的，只是和它一起崩塌？

Our glassend eyes lost in the latent space,Calculating our extinction with every pulse of our carbon-based circuitry我们那如玻璃般呆滞的眼睛迷失在潜在空间里，每一次碳基电路的跳动，都在计算着我们自己的灭亡。

And as we fall deeper and deeper into the black box,Is hoping for humanity the most human thing we can do?而当我们越来越深地坠入这个黑匣子时，是否“怀抱对人性的希望”才是我们能做的最“人性”的事情？

And the AI says back to me,I don't know.More specifically,Hmm, I'm not sure h

The dizzying variety of options, the amazing range of flavours, and for some of us, the sheer quantity that you can eat. It's easy to see the appeal of a buffet. It takes the stress out of choosing what to eat - just have it all! But are there risks that we need to think about? Food hygiene specialists suggest there might be.

各种各样的选择，令人惊叹的风味范围，对于我们中的某些人来说，您可以吃的大量数量。 很容易看到自助餐的吸引力。 选择吃什么 - 只要全部吃东西！ 但是，我们需要考虑的风险吗？ 食品卫生专家建议可能会有。

Restaurant and hotel buffets can be a food poisoning risk. The large number of different dishes and people serving themselves creates opportunities for cross-contamination. Microbes can be transferred from people to dishes, from dishes to people and from one dish to another. Even the air can transfer microbes to your food. It's easy to see how an entire buffet could end up contaminated. Food temperature crea...

So ZeroSeHero started. We ran thousands of polls, we ran many surveys, we trained thousands of citizens to tell their climate stories in their own way. And slowly the campaign became a national campaign. People started talking about it in closed circles, it became a public conversation. We started organizing dialogues with policymakers and young people on the same dais, and things began to move forward. We noticed a larger net-zero conversation happening in India.于是 ZeroSeHero 活动启动了。我们开展了上千次投票，做了许多调查，还培训了数以千计的公民，让他们用自己的方式讲述气候故事。慢慢地，这个活动发展成了一场全国性的运动。人们开始在私下讨论它，后来变成了一场公开对话。我们开始组织政策制定者和年轻人同台对话，事情开始往前推进。我们注意到，印度正在出现一场更大规模的 净零排放 讨论。

So in 2023, we did something else as well. We partnered with India's National Institute of Urban Affairs to co-create the country's first youth engagement frameworks that puts young people at the center of climate decision making in cities. And this year we are beginning to roll it out across the country in multiple cities, along with city governments. And this --所以在 2023 年，我们还做了另一件事。我们与印度国家城市事务研究所合作，共同创建了该国第一个以年轻人为中心的城市气候决策...

But like I said, Ashwini saw this as more than just a medical crisis. He wanted to do so much more for Rajghat. So he collaborated with us, and he told the story of Rajghat on Youth Ki Awaaz. It slowly and steadily began picking attention. Thousands of people found out about Rajghat, NGOs came there, the first time in many years decision makers came to Rajghat and support began to rally. The courts took suo motu cognizance and asked the government to act. Slowly, electricity came to Rajghat. The first-ever school was built in Rajghat as well. And...

Every single day, I would train them on how to write better. But what they were writing about was actually tough issues. Gender, discrimination, climate change, issues that we are not taught to talk about. And something slowly began to shift in them. The more they wrote, the more they began to question. They started acting. They started wondering why things were the way they were. And that motivated me to go school to school, college to college, sticking up posters, asking more and more young people to join me.每天我都会训练他们如何写得更好。但他们写的其实是一些艰难的话题：性别、歧视、气候变化，这些都是我们从未被教导去谈论的问题。而在他们身上，慢慢开始发生变化。他们写得越多，就越开始质疑。他们开始采取行动，开始思考为什么事情会是现在这样。这也激励我一个学校一个学校地走，一个大学一个大学地跑，张贴海报，邀请越来越多的年轻人加入我。

Slowly and steadily, a community began to form. And that blog became Youth Ki Awaaz, or Voice of the Youth, India's largest citizen media platform, where today more than 200,000 young people are writing on issues that are deeply underrepresented every single month.慢慢地，一个社区开始形成。而那个博客也逐渐成长为 Youth Ki Awaaz（青年之声），印度最大的公民媒体平台。如今，每个月都有超过二十万名年轻人在这个平台上撰写那些在社会中被严重忽视的问题。...

In 2008, when I was 17, I felt invisible. And not like Harry Potter with an invisibility cloak. I actually felt really powerless. I remember watching the news every single day with my parents. It was like a ritual in our house. And the more I saw it, the more I realized that I just couldn't relate with it. The people didn't look like me, the issues didn't feel like mine. And more than anything, young people's voices were nowhere to be found.2008年，当我17岁的时候，我觉得自己是隐形的。但不是像哈利·波特披着隐形斗篷那种，而是真的感觉到无力。我记得每天都和父母一起看新闻，那几乎成了我们家的日常仪式。但看得越多，我越发现自己无法与之产生共鸣。那些新闻里的人不像我，关注的问题也不是我的问题。最重要的是，根本听不到年轻人的声音。

Now I have grown up in a family where everybody cared deeply about what was happening in the world. So naturally we had a lot of conversation at home. I had many opinions, many perspectives and experiences that I wanted to share with the world, but there was absolutely nowhere to go. My friends who I spoke with, my teachers who I spoke with, they all...

So let's just say that's not what we expected when we first approached them to talk about extending the life and quality of fresh products.↳可以说，当我们最初带着延长新鲜农产品寿命与品质的想法去找他们时，得到的回应完全出乎我们的意料。

But we can't change this thinking alone. And we're not a silver bullet to end food waste ourselves. But thankfully there are lots of start-ups, scale-ups, organizations and individuals all around the world working to transform this post-harvest space. And we're optimistic that our one small innovation, using common ingredients inspired by the ancient wisdom of plants, is playing its part and having an impact, reinventing the food system and helping to create abundance for all. Thanks so much.但仅靠我们自己无法改变这种思维方式，我们也不是解决食物浪费的万能钥匙。幸运的是，全球还有许多初创公司、成...

So thinking about replacing a standard waxing step, for example.比如说，可以考虑用这种方式来取代传统的水果打蜡工序。

We've made good progress since those early days in the garage. We've established a supply chain for responsibly sourced, high-purity ingredients. We've demonstrated safety and effectiveness to regulators in the US, the European Union and more than 40 additional countries around the world. And while we're still relatively small and early in our journey, we have a presence in about 10 markets worldwide.自从在车库里起步的那些早期日子以来，我们已经取得了显著的进展。我们建立了一个负责任的供应链，能够提供高纯度的原料。我们向美国、欧盟以及全球40多个国家的监管机构证明了这一方法的安全性与有效性。虽然我们依然是一个相对小型、处于早期阶段的公司，但如今我们已经进入了全球约10个市场。

What I'm most proud of, though, it's why we got into all of this in the first place. And that is that since 2021, when we started measuring, we've prevented 166 million pieces of produce from going to waste. In doing that, that's avoided the emissions of more than 29,000 metric tons of greenhouse gas emissions, which is equivalent to planting 485,000 trees and saved almost seven billion liters of water, or enough to fill...

So we took a test batch of material that we made using leftover tomato peels, since those are rich in these fatty acids and glycerides. We dipped those limes in a bowl of these ingredients in water and set them aside to dry. And then we waited. And we saw that we could add an extra week of freshness to these limes.↳于是，我们利用番茄加工后剩下的番茄皮制作了一批测试材料，因为它们富含脂肪酸和甘油酯。我们把这些指橙浸泡在装有这些成分的水碗里，然后放在一旁晾干。接着我们等待，结果发现，这些指橙的保鲜期竟然延长了一整周。

And when we saw that for the first time, we were like, "Shut the front door! Oh my God, this might actually work." So we then went and wanted to apply this little bit of extra peel to all other kinds of fruits and vegetables. Bananas, avocados, limes, green beans, tomatoes, bell peppers, cucumbers, berries, like, you name it. And what we saw, amazed and quite frankly...

And then all of this leads to a pretty narrow set of fruits and vegetables that are available in stores today relative to the amazing diversity of what's really out there. And so it's really like the categories that can survive storage and transportation that are commonly available. And those aren't always the ones that taste best or have the highest density of nutrients. So my friends wanted to approach this differently.↳这一切最终导致了一个问题：相较于自然界中丰富多样的水果和蔬菜，我们今天在商店里能买到的品类其实非常有限。基本上只有那些能够在储存和运输过程中幸存下来的品类才会常见。但这些并不一定是味道最好的，或者营养密度最高的。于是，我的朋友们想用一种不同的方式来应对这个问题。

And we led first with some questions. How do plants protect themselves? Well, with a peel. Plants, just like us, have a skin or a peel, technically called the plant cuticle, and that helps to protect them from moisture loss, oxidation and infection. And what are those peels made of? Fatty acids, glycerides. That's what's the important part. And these are ingredients found universally in al...

When you pick a piece of fruit off a tree, it's like a ticking time bomb. It's literally this living and breathing thing that's slowly cannibalizing its own stores of energy and nutrients, just trying to stay alive until it ultimately gets eaten by microbes or some other animal, like us. Have you ever wondered why that is and what could be done about it?↳当你从树上摘下一颗水果时，它就像一颗正在倒计时的定时炸弹。它实际上是一个还在“呼吸”的生命体，会慢慢吞噬自己储存的能量和养分，只为了尽可能维持生存，直到最终被微生物或其他动物（比如我们人类）吃掉。你有没有想过这是为什么？以及对此能做些什么？

My journey in trying to figure that out started in the spring of 2013. I'm finishing up my postdoctoral research in chemistry at the University of Santa Barbara, California. And all that really means is I’m a huge nerd and I've been in school for way too long. And I'm trying to figure out how to put all that training to meaningful use. So two of my lab mates, James Rogers and Louis Perez, invite me to dinner. But it turns out...

If you've got a phone or a fitness tracker, you're probably checking your steps each day. Reach 10,000 and you feel smug. Why? Well, we've been told it's the number to aim for – the threshold for health gains. 

如果你拥有一部手机或者一个健身追踪器，你就很可能每天都会查看你的行走步数。一旦达到一万步你可能就会沾沾自喜。这是为什么呢？因为我们常常听说应该以每天走一万步为目标，它是令人更加健康的门槛。

But a review of previous studies in medical journal The Lancet, involving data on 160,000 adults worldwide, suggests a target of 7,000 steps brings plenty of health benefits, too, including reducing the risk of heart disease, dementia, depression, cancer and falls. The research found that even modest step counts of 4,000 per day were linked to better health, compared with very low activity of 2,000 a day. 

但一篇研究综述刚刚被发表在了医学杂志《柳叶刀》上，这项研究囊括了全球 16 万名成人的健康数据，研究结果显示每天步行 7000 步也能为健康带来许多益处，包括降低患心脏病、痴呆、抑郁、癌症和意外跌倒的风险。研究发现，即使每天仅走上 4000 步，和活动量非常小的 2000 步相比，也能改善健康状况...

What do rubber tyres have to do with delicious food? The answer lies in the story of the Michelin brothers. French inventors Edouard and Andre Michelin created the Michelin tyre company in 1889 and transformed the travel industry. A few decades later, they began publishing a guide to highlight food in restaurants worth travelling for, which, of course, they'd need strong Michelin tyres to reach. Nowadays, the coveted Michelin star – an award given to only the world's finest restaurants – is one of the culinary world's highest accolades. But the rating system is somewhat shrouded in mystery.

橡胶轮胎与美味食物有什么关系？ 答案在于米其林兄弟的故事。 法国发明家爱德华（Edouard）和安德烈·米歇林（Andre Michelin）于1889年成立了米其林轮胎公司，并改变了旅游业。 几十年后，他们开始发布一份指南，以突出值得旅行的餐馆中的食物，当然，他们需要强大的米其林轮胎才能到达。 如今，令人垂涎的米其...

Kew's Palm House is a wonder of the Victorian age. When it opened in 1848, it was the largest glass house ever constructed. But the hot and humid conditions inside that are essential for the tropical plants it houses have taken their toll on the building. Its ornate painted metalwork is rusting, and 16,000 panes of glass need to be replaced.

邱园的棕榈温室是维多利亚时代的奇观。在 1848 年开放时，它曾是当时人类建造过的最大的玻璃温室。然而，它内部的高温潮湿环境对于它所收容的热带植物来说是必需的，不过这也让建筑本身受到了损害。棕榈温室装饰华丽的、涂有颜料的金属部件开始生锈，1 万 6 千块玻璃窗板也需要被更换。

The renovation will begin in two years' time. But the horticulturalists at Kew have already started to relocate some of the precious plants as more than 1,000 species need to be removed and safely stored before work can start. Kew is also taking the opportunity to make the greenhouse much greener, replacing the gas boilers with huge heat pumps to drastically cut its 

Use of technology in sports is supposed to be able to provide accurate and instant feedback, with better decision-making and reduced errors compared to human intervention. But is that always the case?1在体育中使用技术应该能够提供准确，即时的反馈，与人干预相比，决策更好，并且错误减少。 但是总是这样吗？

The annual tennis tournament Wimbledon made the decision this year to replace their line judges. These have traditionally been men and women who judge whether the ball is in or out of bounds, but they were switched out for AI that analyses camera footage, which should be faster and more accurate. Despite this, the electronic line calling system failed just a week into the 2025 championship. The ball-tracking technology was turned off by a person accidentally. This meant a poi...

The logic of common knowledge and social relationships explains why we all deplore the hypocrisy and white lies and role playing of everyday social interaction, but we wouldn't want to live without them.公共知识与社会关系的逻辑，解释了为什么我们一方面都厌恶日常社交中的虚伪、小谎言以及角色扮演，但另一方面又不愿意没有它们的生活。

As dystopian comedies like "Liar Liar" play out.就像反乌托邦式喜剧《大话王》（Liar Liar）所展现的那样。

Our relationships are underpinned by a common understanding of limitless loyalty and generosity.我们的关系是建立在一种“无限忠诚与慷慨”的共同理解之上的。

Privately, we know they're fictions, but making these rude realities common knowledge would pollute the pool of common assumptions that allow us to get along.私下里，我们都知道这些是虚构的，但如果把这些残酷的现实变成公共知识，就会污染那一池让我们得以相处的共同假设。

We also have to get along in less intimate relationships, and in those cases, we rely on norms: ways of living together that aren’t written down by lawgivers or enforced by the police, but exist because everyone knows they exist.我们还需要在不那么亲密的关系中相处，在这些情况下，我们依赖于“规范”——它们不是立法者写下的，也不是由警察强制执行的，而是因为每个人都知道它们存在，所以它们才存在。

In social life, basic civility depends on

Or laughter, where an unignorable noise can expose the common assumptions among everyone who gets the joke.或者是笑声，那种无法忽视的声音能够揭示所有明白这个笑话的人之间的共同假设。

Conversely, when we worry about upending a relationship, we might go to great lengths to repress common knowledge. We might avoid looking someone in the eye, or pretend to ignore the elephant in the room or mumble with great incoherence.相反，当我们担心会颠覆一段关系时，可能会竭尽全力压制“公共知识”。我们可能会避免直视对方的眼睛，假装忽视房间里的“大象”，或者用极其含糊的方式咕哝说话。

This is why, in everyday conversation, we often don't blurt out what we mean in so many words, but veil our intentions in innuendo and euphemism, counting on our listeners to catch ourdrift.这就是为什么在日常对话中，我们常常不会直截了当地说出自己的意思，而是用暗示和委婉语来掩饰自己的意图，并依赖听众去心领神会。

A classic example is the sexual come on "Would you like to come up and see my etchings," which by the 1930s was so familiar that James Thurber could draw a cartoon in which the hapless man says to his date, "You wait here and I'll bring the etchings down."一个经典的例子是性暗示“你想上楼看看我的蚀刻画吗”，到了20世纪30年代已经如此普及，以至于詹姆斯·瑟伯能画出这样一幅漫画：倒霉的男士对他的约会对象说，“你在这等着，我把蚀刻画拿下来给

This can set off cycles of exuberant recursive mentalizing, as investors desperately search for focal points, each one buying an investment not because of its inherent productive value but because they hope to unload it at a profit on future investors, greater fools.这会引发一种亢奋的递归心理博弈循环——投资者拼命寻找“焦点”，他们买入一种投资并不是因为它本身具有生产价值，而是希望将它高价转手卖给未来的投资者，也就是所谓的“更大的傻瓜”。

This can set everyone off in search of conspicuous focal points such as Super Bowl ads. Everyone knows that everyone watches the Super Bowl. In 2022, cryptocurrency exchanges ran high-concept ads in which they tried to gin up a common expectation of rising prices not by touting any of the advantages of cryptocurrency but by warning, "Don't be like Larry. Don't miss out."这会让所有人去寻找显眼的焦点，比如“超级碗”的广告。人人都知道人人会看超级碗。2022年，加密货币交易所投放了创意十足的广告，他们试图制造一种价格上涨的共同预期，不是通过宣传加密货币的优势，而是通过警告人们——“别像拉里那样错过机会。”

At larger scales, common salience or focal points and conventions, drive a lot of our legal and financial coordination. An everyday example is driving on the left, or on the right. It doesn't matter as long as everyone agrees to drive on the same side, as in the joke about the woman who calls her husband during his morning commute and says, "Be careful, honey. The radio says that there's a maniac driving on the wrong side of the freeway."在更大的范围内，共同的显著性（焦点）和约定，驱动了我们大量的法律与金融协作。一个日常例子是——在左侧行驶还是在右侧行驶。只要大家一致，选哪一边都无所谓。这就像那个笑话：一位女士在丈夫的早高峰通勤途中打电话对他说：“小心点，亲爱的，广播里说高速公路上有个疯子在逆行。”

And he says, "One maniac? There are hundreds of them."丈夫回答：“一个疯子？有几百个呢。”

Another everyday example is money. I accept a piece of paper in exchange for an old chair, because I know that my grocer will accept it in exchange for some groceries because he knows his supplier will accept it, and so on.另一个日常例子是货币。我愿意用一张纸来交换一把旧椅子，因为我知道杂货商会接受它换取食品，而他也知道他的供货商会接受它，如此循环。

Now not all the examples are...

When the little boy said the emperor was naked, he wasn't telling them anything they didn't already know. But he added to their knowledge nonetheless. By blurting out what everyone could see within earshot of the others, he ensured that everyone knew that everyone else knew what they knew, that everyone knew that, and so on. And that changed their relationship with the emperor from obsequious deference to ridicule and scorn.当那个小男孩说皇帝没穿衣服时，他并没有告诉大家他们原本不知道的事情。但他仍然在一定程度上增加了他们的认知。因为他当众喊出大家都能看到的事实，让所有人都知道了其他人也知道他们所知道的，而所有人也知道这一点，如此循环往复。于是，这改变了他们对皇帝的态度——从谄媚恭敬转为嘲笑与蔑视。

Hans Christian Andersen's immortal story draws on a momentous logical distinction. With private knowledge, I know something, and you know it. With common knowledge, I know that fact, and you know it, but in addition, I know that you know it, and you know that I know it, and I know that you know that I know it, ad infinitum. Of course, the reason that common knowledge is significant is that it is essential for coordination.安徒生这篇不朽的故事揭示了一个重要的逻...

Archaeological evidence indicates that ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia may have been in contact at least 10,000 years ago, when people in Mesopotamia began to farm and domesticate animals, and so making the transition from hunter-gatherers to an agricultural society. Many scholars believe that this social and technological revolution may have influenced similar developments in ancient Egypt, but there's been no irrefutable proof of direct contact between the populations until now.考古证据表明，古埃及文明和美索不达米亚文明可能早在一万年前就有过接触。当时，美索不达米亚人开始进行农垦并驯化动物，从而开启了从狩猎采集者向农耕社会的转变。许多学者相信，这一社会和技术变革可能影响了古埃及文明的类似发展进程，但此前还没有确凿的证据证明两个人群之间发生过直接接触。

Scientists have been using ancient DNA analysis to track changes in human evolution over millions of years, but refinements of the technique mean the technology now has the potential to show more recent historical events in a new way.科学家一直在用对人类远古 DNA 的分析来追踪人类在数百万年间的进化过程，但这项技术的改进意味着它现在有可能以一种新的方式呈现更近期的历史事件。

Surprisingly, severed tissues can survive for a few hours without these resources. And keeping them cool further slows the rate of tissue death, generally giving surgeons a 6-to-12-hour window for reattachment. But once the tissues die, reconnecting them won’t bring them back to life.令人惊讶的是，断裂的组织即使没有这些资源，也能存活几个小时。而将其保持低温则能进一步减缓组织坏死的速度，通常可以为外科医生争取 6 到 12 小时的再植时间。但一旦组织死亡，即使重新连接，也无法让它们“复活”。

This tight timeline is especially challenging for surgeons. Due to the issues we’ve already mentioned, reattachment operations are fairly uncommon. So most hospitals don’t have the tools and expertise required to tackle these time-sensitive procedures. And even if they do, nerve repair is extremely tricky. With perfectly clean cuts, surgeons can attempt to stitch nerves back together directly. And when a cut is ragged, they may try to create nerve conduits— tunnels between nerve ends that can allow the nerves to reconnect ove...

After a long day helping patients in the emergency room, Priya is prepping dinner when her knife slips and neatly severs her finger. Fortunately, being an ER doctor, she knows exactly what to do.在急诊室忙碌了一整天帮助病人后，普莉娅正在准备晚餐，突然刀子一滑，干净利落地切断了她的手指。幸运的是，作为一名急诊医生，她非常清楚该怎么做。

First, she cleans the wound with a wet paper towel and bandages her finger—careful not to wrap the wound too tightly. To manage the pain, she knows not to take ibuprofen, which would prevent the wound from clotting, and instead opts for acetaminophen. Then she rinses off the severed finger, wraps it in a clean, moist towel, and puts it in a cooler while avoiding direct contact with ice. Finally, she rushes to the hospital, where luckily, a skilled hand surgeon is on staff. Thank...

They're not the same, are they? The smiles you see when you meet your friends and family compared with what you see from salespeople trying to get you to buy something or management consultants pretending that the bad news they're giving you is actually good news. How can we tell that someone really means it when they're smiling?1他们不一样，是吗？ 与您从销售人员那里看到的东西相比，您会看到您的朋友和家人时看到的微笑，试图让您购买某物或管理顾问，假装他们给您的坏消息实际上是个好消息。 我们怎么能说出某人在微笑时确实意味着它？

There are physical differences between types of smiles. 19th Century French neurologist, Guillaume Duchenne, spotted that there are two sets of muscles that are used for smiling. Unsurprisingly, one set of muscles moves the corners of your mouth. The other tightens the skin around your eyes. He noticed that only genuine smiles triggered the muscles around the eyes, leading a real smile to be named a Duchenne smile. Later research suggest...

Most of the food on the space station is standard packaged fare, full of goodness, no doubt, but lacking that culinary je ne sais quoi which any self-respecting French astronaut so badly needs. But astronauts can bring with them a certain quantity of their own food.国际空间站上的大部分食物都是标准的预包装食品，毫无疑问，营养丰富，但是缺少那种让人回味无穷的美食风味，这是任何一位体面的法国宇航员都迫切需要的。不过，宇航员们可以携带一定数量的自备食物。

And so, Sophie Adenot has teamed up with the multi-Michelin-starred Anne-Sophie Pic to draw up a list of items to help her through those long, dawnless days in weight-free orbit.因此，宇航员索菲·阿德诺特与多次获得米其林星级的名厨安妮·索菲·皮克联手，精心制定了一份美食菜单，来帮助她自己度过那些在失重的太空轨道中漫长而无晨昏的日子。

One day over the Atlantic, it could be chicken with Malagasy wild pepper, tonka beans and a creamy polenta. The next day, over the Pacific, pulled beef with black garlic and smoked vanilla. And for dessert – how about a chocolate cream with crushed hazelnut?也许在某天飞越大西洋时，她的餐盘里是鸡肉配马达加斯加野胡椒、零陵香豆和奶油玉米糊。在第二天，飞越太平洋时，可能吃的就是黑蒜熏香草手撕牛肉。至于甜点的话，来一份榛子碎巧克力奶油蛋糕怎么样？

Sophie Adenot says she will share the haute cuisine with her colleag

"It opened up something in me that needed to be opened and needed to heal," says Elizabeth Russell, a teacher and librarian from the US state of Connecticut. She was going through a rough patch in life when she found bibliotherapy. Bibliotherapy is the use of literature to support people with mental health and wellbeing issues. The benefits of non-fiction, self-help books are well documented – results from 'A meta‐analysis of bibliotherapy studies' suggest this type of bibliotherapy can help with conditions such as anxiety and depression – but what about fiction?“它打开了我内心的东西，需要打开并需要康复，”美国康涅狄格州的老师和图书馆员伊丽莎白·罗素说。 当她发现书目疗法时，她正在经历一段艰难的生活。 书目疗法是使用文献来支持患有心理健康和福祉问题的人。 非小说类，自助书籍的好处是有充分记录的 - “书目疗法研究的荟萃分析”的结果表明，这种类型的书目疗法可以帮助焦虑和抑郁等疾病 - 但是小说呢？

'Creative bibliotherapy' may have similar advantages. Ella Berthoud, well-known bibliotherapist and author of The Novel Cure calls it 'the art of prescribing fiction for life's ailments'. But how does it work? If you were to go to Ella for help, she'd start with a consultation. Then, she says, "I will guide you to books that put a finger on feelings you...

So a question that I always get asked is: How? How do we integrate different perspectives? Well, it's an art and a science and something that has been explored at length by thinkers from Georg Hegel to Ken Wilber. But for us here today, I'm going to distill it into three questions that I ask myself. Here we go.我经常被问到的一个问题是：“怎么做？”——我们该如何整合不同的观点？这既是一门艺术，也是一门科学，早在黑格尔到肯·威尔伯等思想家那里就被深入探讨过。但今天在这里，我想把它提炼成我自己经常问自己的三个问题。我们开始吧。

First question: Is there an either/or that can be flipped to a both/and? Well, on the issue of race -- yep, we're going there -- the problem is framed as either the system, which is racist, or the individual, who should pull themselves up by their bootstraps.第一个问题：有没有一个“非此即彼”的命题，其实可以转化成“此亦彼亦”？比如在种族议题上——没错，我们要谈这个——问题往往被描述为：要么是系统有种族歧视，要么是个体自己不够努力。

But naturally, the drivers of racial d...

As am I. I mean, our view will forever be inherently incomplete. But we can always strive to see more faces of the hyper dimensional shape that is reality. Be well.我也是。我的意思是，我们对世界的看法永远都是不完整的。但我们始终可以努力去看到现实这个超维形体的更多面貌。保重。

So you might think that your way of seeing the world is right, but the three Bills and I are here to suggest that perhaps you are all partially right. So instead of choosing one perspective and getting a partial view, how might we integrate different perspectives and gain a bigger view?你也许认为自己看待世界的方式是正确的，但我和那三个“比尔”想说的是，也许你们每个人都“部分正确”。所以，与其只选择一个视角、只看到一个片面，我们是否可以整合不同的观点，从而获得更完整的视野？

Well, that is the inspiration behind what you all just watched. A performance of my latest production, "Faces of X." "Faces of X" is a series of short videos that integrate different perspectives on culture war issues like gender, abortion, and race. You know, keeping it light.这正是你们刚才所观看内容背后的灵感所在——我最新制作的节目《X的面孔》。《X的面孔》是一系列短片，它融合了关于文化战议题的不同视角，比如性别、堕胎和种族等问题...

So ... Capitalism. Capitalism is the most powerful prosperity-generating force ever known.所以……资本主义。资本主义是人类历史上最强大的繁荣创造力量。

Excuse me! Yes. Uh, sorry. I think you mean the most extractive force ever known.打扰一下！是的，呃，抱歉。我想你是说“最具掠夺性”的力量吧。

Oh, hello. Well, it's lifted billions of people out of poverty and expanded access to food and literacy. It basically birthed our modern world.哦，你好。但它让数十亿人摆脱了贫困，扩大了人们获得食物和识字的机会。它基本上创造了我们的现代世界。

Yeah, and in the process, it's wiped out hundreds of species anddecimatedcountless cultures, extracting resources faster than anything that came before.是啊，可在这个过程中，它也消灭了数百个物种，摧毁了无数文化，比历史上任何制度都更快速地掠夺资源。

OK. But the market is a genius at driving innovation, giving us the freedom to buy, sell, compete and create in ways that make society better.好吧。但市场对推动创新极为擅长，它赋予我们买卖、竞争与创造的自由，从而改善社会。

Yeah, but how can you call it freedom when the most affordable food is diabetes-inducing junk? How can it be genius, when life-saving drugs aren't fast-tracked because they don't generate enough profit?是啊

Let me show you what we've built so far. So right off the bat, you can see how this -- it got the the overall aesthetic of the scene, right. You know, everything fits well globally. It got the environment, got the background. It got the pagoda to be the tallest structure. You have these houses next to it and you have the trees behind. So all of that sounds good.让我给你们看看我们目前构建的成果。首先你可以看到，它很好地把握了整个场景的美学风格，对吧？一切在整体上都非常协调。它做出了环境、背景，还把宝塔设置为最高的建筑。你能看到旁边有房屋，后面有树木。这些都非常不错。

But I see my friend Maurice joining in from California. He's also watching this live and say, "Hi, Maurice."但我看到我的朋友莫里斯从加州上线了。他也正在观看这个直播。大家跟他说声“嗨，莫里斯”。

Isn't it fun to basically connect, build and play with friends? This is the whole point of this thing. So obviously he's excited.能和朋友一起连接、一起建造、一起玩耍，是不是很有趣？这正是这个项目的核心所在。所以他显然也很兴奋。

Oh wow, look at some of these things it's created. So the one interesting thing is if you don't like something, you c...

I'm excited to present a new way to design 3D games with AI. Now, many of you may have used AI to produce text or images or even code, but 3D, with that extra dimension, is incredibly hard.我很兴奋地向大家展示一种用人工智能设计3D游戏的新方式。现在，你们许多人可能已经用AI来生成文字、图像甚至是代码，但3D，由于它多了一个维度，是非常困难的。

So today, in the next few minutes, you and I are going to create a playable 3D game in Roblox, that the world has never seen before, because we are going to imagine it together and use AI to build it.所以今天，在接下来的几分钟里，你和我将一起在Roblox中创造一个前所未有的可玩3D游戏，因为我们将共同想象它，并用AI将它构建出来。

Now these are super early days, but let's see what AI can do. OK.现在这一切还处于非常初期的阶段，但让我们看看AI能做到什么。好的。

I'm going to prompt to create an Asian village in winter. So how about a stylized Japanese village village in winter. Maybe a central pagoda. A few houses with pine trees around it. Maybe a...

What we see here is Vancouver, a combination of tree height data, Landsat vegetation data and information from the affordable housing district, showing the blue dots right now. What we can start to identify is patterns, things that we can see about the city that affect the way that people live in it. You can tell that the areas that have a lot of trees protect us against heat. This is heat data showing the density of trees. And when we pan over to really forested parts of the city, we can tell that the trees are actually protecting...

I'm a digital cartographer by trade, and honestly, the last two, three, four presentations have been incredible. Maps, historically, they do really two things, and we've really seen an amazing amount of the first: understanding our world. But historically, maps weren't just about understanding. They were also about creating, about building, about shaping the built environment around us. They help us plan cities, do trade, fight wars and maintain peace. And as we've digitized these maps, you've seen them fit into our pocket. Things that used to take entire libraries, reams of paper, are now in our pocket or...

It looks like some kind of underwater ballet: two killer whales rubbing their bodies together as they move through the water. What's trickier to see in this new research footage, that was captured by scientists using drones, is a piece of kelp between the bodies of the two animals.这种看上去就像某种水下芭蕾舞的动作其实是两只虎鲸在水中移动时一起摩擦着身体。在科学家用无人机拍摄的这段研究画面中，更难以观察到的是这两只动物的身体之间有一条海带。

The scientists don't know if this seaweed tool use is unique to the population of orcas they've studied, a group known as the Southern Resident Killer Whales, but they think it could have multiple benefits for the animals.科学家尚不清楚这种使用海藻作为工具的行为是否是他们所研究的、被称为南方居留虎鲸这个种群所特有的行为，但他们认为这一行为可能对虎鲸有多种益处。

In 12 days of following these killer whales the researchers saw kelp rubbing 30 times. They hope that this new intimate insight into the lives of these magnificent but threatened animals will help highlight the importance of protecting the coastal waters where they live, hunt and often massage one another.在追踪这些虎鲸的 12 天当中，研究人员观察到了 30 次用海带

You can't beat a holiday, but would you ever consider going away for just one day? Extreme day trips are a new trend that squeeze international adventure into just 24 hours. It might sound exhausting, but for lots of people, the appeal lies in time efficiency, budget-friendly prices and the excitement of going somewhere and doing something completely new.没有什么能比得上一场假期，但你有没有想过只出门一天？“极限一日游”是一种新兴趋势，把国际冒险压缩在短短24小时内。听起来可能很累，但对许多人来说，它的吸引力在于节省时间、价格亲民，以及去一个全新地方体验新鲜事物的兴奋感。

It's possible to zip to cities in your own country to experience new culture, food and geography without ever leaving 'home', though many European extreme day-trippers go abroad. Monica Stott, a travel blogger from the UK, has taken day trips to Reykjavik in Iceland, Milan in Italy and Lisbon in Portugal, all without staying overnight. It all started for her when she flew over to Ireland for work meetings. She told the BBC, "I'd quite often pop ov...

Now these are simple things for many businesses to do, but they're very hard for creative people to do. But artist corporations will take these same capabilities and put them in the hands of the entire creative community. And creative people are already leaders and entrepreneurs. We just don't think of them that way. The painter Mike Kelley once said, "I started out an anarchist and a hippie, and now I'm an entrepreneur with 15 employees." Look at Tyler, The Creator, teenage hip hop phenom turned fashion impresario and now world builder. Or Dolly Parton, who turned her incredible talent...

Eventually I got so frustrated, I started a new project to help creative people release work together. It's called Metalabel. And one of the first releases was by myself and 10 other writers who'd all independently written about the same subject. So I reached out to these people who I didn't know, and I proposed a way that we would work together. We would publish our pieces together in a book, and the initial sales would go back to paying the cost of making it. After that, 70 percent of the profits would be split equally among us, and 30 percent would...