The Multifamily Real Estate Experiment Podcast
“Multifamily Real Estate Investing for the Career Professional.” Join Shelon "Hutch The Marine Investor" Hutchinson who talks to military veterans and real estate professionals about the results of their journey and multifamily real estate experiments. Each week, Hutch discusses Multifamily Real Estate Investing for Career Professionals and military veterans to help you build wealth and financial independence. Questions about Multifamily real estate investing are systematically dissected as your host works through observations and data to answer the week's question.
MFREE 130 Full Episode with Stewart Heath: Are You Looking Beyond the Numbers When You Invest?
Aloha, It’s Shelon "Hutch" Hutchinson here! If you’re enjoying 'The Multifamily Real Estate Experiment' podcast, please like, comment, and share our episodes to help us reach and inspire more people. Thank you for your support!
On the Multifamily Real Estate Experiment podcast, host Shelan Hutcheson interviews Stewart, a longtime CPA turned real estate investor/operator, about how sophisticated investors evaluate deals and risk. Stewart’s mantra is “you make your money on the buy,” emphasizing disciplined underwriting, firm maximum pricing, and starting with low offers; he notes price impacts loan costs, fees, insurance, and overall returns. H...
MFREE 130 Trailer # 5 with Stewart Heath: Are You Evaluating Risk Like an Investor or a Promoter?
Aloha, It’s Shelon "Hutch" Hutchinson here! If you’re enjoying 'The Multifamily Real Estate Experiment' podcast, please like, comment, and share our episodes to help us reach and inspire more people. Thank you for your support!
Risk is not just about whether an investment looks good on paper. It is about understanding what could cause you to lose money and preparing for it before you invest. 🧠📊
For Stewart, one of the biggest areas to watch is leverage. Debt can be a useful tool, but taking on too much can quickly change the risk profile of an inve...
MFREE 130 Trailer # 4 with Stewart Heath: Could “Boring” Be One of the Smartest Mindsets in Investing?
Aloha, It’s Shelon "Hutch" Hutchinson here! If you’re enjoying 'The Multifamily Real Estate Experiment' podcast, please like, comment, and share our episodes to help us reach and inspire more people. Thank you for your support!
Big wins get attention, but Stewart believes real progress is usually built somewhere much less exciting. 📈🧠
It comes from doing the basics well, day after day.
That is where his philosophy of “boring is beautiful” comes from. Instead of always chasing the newest or most exciting opportunity, Stewart values consistency, discipline, and understanding what you own. 🏢
There is a b...
MFREE 130 Trailer # 3 with Stewart Heath: Are You Negotiating With Enough Conviction?
Aloha, It’s Shelon "Hutch" Hutchinson here! If you’re enjoying 'The Multifamily Real Estate Experiment' podcast, please like, comment, and share our episodes to help us reach and inspire more people. Thank you for your support!
Stewart shares a negotiation lesson that has stayed with him for years:
“If you're not embarrassed by your first offer, you're offering too much.” 😅
The point is not to throw out random numbers. It is to know your numbers well enough to make an offer with confidence, even when it feels uncomfortable. 📊
Sometimes the answer will be...
MFREE 130 Trailer # 2 with Stewart Heath: What Really Shapes Success Beyond the Numbers?
Aloha, It’s Shelon "Hutch" Hutchinson here! If you’re enjoying 'The Multifamily Real Estate Experiment' podcast, please like, comment, and share our episodes to help us reach and inspire more people. Thank you for your support!
The Focus Round gave us a different look at Stewart. 🎯
From walking real estate for fun 🏢 to the late-night tax season realization that pushed him toward investing, his journey has been shaped by paying attention to what was happening around him.
One lesson became especially important along the way: communicate early and communicate often. 🗣️
Stewart admits...
MFREE 130 Trailer # 1 with Stewart Heath: What Separates Good Investors From Exceptional Ones?
Aloha, It’s Shelon "Hutch" Hutchinson here! If you’re enjoying 'The Multifamily Real Estate Experiment' podcast, please like, comment, and share our episodes to help us reach and inspire more people. Thank you for your support!
“You make your money on the buy, not the sell.” 🏢💭
For Stewart Heath, that mantra comes down to one thing: discipline before the decision.
Exceptional investors do the work on the front end. They study the numbers, understand the asset, and decide what they are willing to pay before emotion or competition enters the picture. 🔍📊
Because once you a...
MFREE 129 Full Episode with Keith Gillispie: What Does It Really Take to Build a Life of Success?
Aloha, It’s Shelon "Hutch" Hutchinson here! If you’re enjoying 'The Multifamily Real Estate Experiment' podcast, please like, comment, and share our episodes to help us reach and inspire more people. Thank you for your support!
Host Shelon “Hutch the Marine Investor” Hutchinson interviews Marine veteran and real estate investor Keith Gillispie about building a business that can run without the owner. Gillispie shares his mantra “keep the most important thing the most important thing,” rejects the idea of static work-life balance, and explains how he used a one-hour lunch break in Hawaii—hotspot, headphones, 50–55 minutes of seller calls...
MFREE 129 Trailer # 5 with Keith Gillispie: What Changes the Balance of a Negotiation?
Aloha, It’s Shelon "Hutch" Hutchinson here! If you’re enjoying 'The Multifamily Real Estate Experiment' podcast, please like, comment, and share our episodes to help us reach and inspire more people. Thank you for your support!
In this part of the podcast, Hutch and Keith explore a business lesson that completely changed the way Keith viewed money, opportunity, and negotiation.
Most people assume capital is the most valuable piece of any transaction. But what happens when the opportunity itself is far more difficult to find? 💰🏠
Through a simple example about scarcity, Keith explains w...
MFREE 129 Trailer # 4 with Keith Gillispie: What Really Unlocks the Right Real Estate Deal?
Aloha, It’s Shelon "Hutch" Hutchinson here! If you’re enjoying 'The Multifamily Real Estate Experiment' podcast, please like, comment, and share our episodes to help us reach and inspire more people. Thank you for your support!
In this part of the conversation, Keith breaks down the decision-making framework he uses before choosing what to do with a property.
A deal is not decided by one number alone. The seller’s situation, the needs of the business, personal priorities, market conditions, and the property’s potential all influence the final decision. 🏠📊
The key is knowing how...
MFREE 129 Trailer # 3 with Keith Gillispie: How Do You Create Opportunity Inside a Busy Life?
Aloha, It’s Shelon "Hutch" Hutchinson here! If you’re enjoying 'The Multifamily Real Estate Experiment' podcast, please like, comment, and share our episodes to help us reach and inspire more people. Thank you for your support!
In this part of the podcast, Hutch and Keith unpack what it really looks like to pursue a new future while serving on active duty, traveling overseas, and trying to remain present for your family.
There was no perfect schedule. Mornings were already spoken for. Evenings came too late. Sleep was disappearing, and the pressure was becoming unsustainable. 🌍💭
The t...
MFREE 129 Trailer # 2 with Keith Gillispie: How Do You Stay Grounded While Building More?
Aloha, It’s Shelon "Hutch" Hutchinson here! If you’re enjoying 'The Multifamily Real Estate Experiment' podcast, please like, comment, and share our episodes to help us reach and inspire more people. Thank you for your support!
In the Focus Round, Hutch puts Keith Gillespie on the spot with a series of questions about business, leadership, communication, investing, and life.
Keith shares how he resets before carrying the weight of leadership, the lessons that helped him stop operating without direction, and the real estate decision he wishes he had made much earlier. 📚🏠
But the conver...
MFREE 129 Trailer # 1 with Keith Gillispie: How Do You Provide Without Losing Your Purpose?
Aloha, It’s Shelon "Hutch" Hutchinson here! If you’re enjoying 'The Multifamily Real Estate Experiment' podcast, please like, comment, and share our episodes to help us reach and inspire more people. Thank you for your support!
In this episode, Hutch sits down with Keith Gillispie and asks what quote or mantra keeps him focused.
Their conversation quickly moves beyond real estate and into leadership, fatherhood, faith, health, marriage, and the responsibility to provide and protect. 🧭
But what happens when the pursuit of success starts pulling you away from the people you are working...
MFREE 128 Full Episode with Kevin Yoder: Is Your Identity Quietly Limiting Your Success?
Aloha, It’s Shelon "Hutch" Hutchinson here! If you’re enjoying 'The Multifamily Real Estate Experiment' podcast, please like, comment, and share our episodes to help us reach and inspire more people. Thank you for your support!
Host Shelon “Hutch” Hutchinson interviews real estate veteran and coach Kevin Yoder about why high achievers plateau despite knowing the right strategies, arguing the real limiter is identity/self-image rather than market, tactics, or competition. Yoder emphasizes self-regulation and the idea that “the size of the problem determines the size of the person,” explaining self-image as a thermostat set point that demands...
MFREE 128 Trailer # 5 with Kevin Yoder: Is Sales Really a Transfer of Energy?
Aloha, It’s Shelon "Hutch" Hutchinson here! If you’re enjoying 'The Multifamily Real Estate Experiment' podcast, please like, comment, and share our episodes to help us reach and inspire more people. Thank you for your support!
In this conversation, Kevin Yoder joins Hutch to unpack a lesson he first learned from Bob Proctor: “Sales is a transference of energy.” ⚡
Kevin explains that effective communication is not only about scripts, tactics, or overcoming objections. It begins with the belief you have in yourself and the value of what you are presenting. 🧠
Whether you a...
MFREE 128 Trailer # 4 with Kevin Yoder: Is Your Self-Image Setting Your Financial Ceiling?
Aloha, It’s Shelon "Hutch" Hutchinson here! If you’re enjoying 'The Multifamily Real Estate Experiment' podcast, please like, comment, and share our episodes to help us reach and inspire more people. Thank you for your support!
In this episode, Kevin Yoder sits down with Hutch to unpack the idea of a financial thermostat—the internal setting that can quietly influence how much success we believe we can sustain. 🌡️
Kevin explains that this setting is often shaped early through family conversations, childhood experiences, and the beliefs we absorb about money, success, and possibility.
That i...
MFREE 128 Trailer # 3 with Kevin Yoder: Can Alignment Make Consistency Easier?
Aloha, It’s Shelon "Hutch" Hutchinson here! If you’re enjoying 'The Multifamily Real Estate Experiment' podcast, please like, comment, and share our episodes to help us reach and inspire more people. Thank you for your support!
In this part of the episode, Kevin Yoder explains why consistency comes from alignment—not willpower. 🧠
He breaks alignment down through the TFAR framework: thoughts, feelings, actions, and results. When these four areas are moving in the same direction, consistent action becomes more natural.
But that alignment needs a meaningful destination. Without a clearly...
MFREE 128 Trailer # 2 with Kevin Yoder: Is Fear Blocking Your Breakthrough?
Aloha, It’s Shelon "Hutch" Hutchinson here! If you’re enjoying 'The Multifamily Real Estate Experiment' podcast, please like, comment, and share our episodes to help us reach and inspire more people. Thank you for your support!
In this part of the episode, Kevin Yoder shares the lesson he wishes he had learned earlier: fear of rejection is often a false barrier that keeps people from taking necessary action. 🧠
Early in his real estate career, hesitation kept him from making calls, pursuing opportunities, and doing the uncomfortable work required to grow. Over time, he lear...
MFREE 128 Trailer # 1 with Kevin Yoder: What Skill Helps Entrepreneurs Handle Bigger Problems?
Aloha, It’s Shelon "Hutch" Hutchinson here! If you’re enjoying 'The Multifamily Real Estate Experiment' podcast, please like, comment, and share our episodes to help us reach and inspire more people. Thank you for your support!
In this episode, Kevin Yoder shares why self-regulation may be one of the most important skills an entrepreneur can develop.
Entrepreneurship brings problems every day. The difference is not whether challenges appear, but how well you manage your emotions, protect your focus, and keep moving forward when they do. 💪
Kevin explains that the problems that ke...
MFREE 127 Full Episode with Will Harvey: How Do Disciplined Investors Decide Where Their Capital Goes?
Aloha, It’s Shelon "Hutch" Hutchinson here! If you’re enjoying 'The Multifamily Real Estate Experiment' podcast, please like, comment, and share our episodes to help us reach and inspire more people. Thank you for your support!
Host Shalon “Hutch” Hutchinson interviews Will Harvey about disciplined capital allocation in real estate and why “you make money when you buy, not when you sell,” emphasizing margin of safety, patience, and avoiding big losers through conservative underwriting and clear exit strategies. Will shares his path from the mortgage business (starting in 2015) to rentals, passive multifamily syndication investing for bonus depreciation...
MFREE 127 Trailer # 5 with Will Harvey: What Can a Tough Real Estate Lesson Teach You About Ownership?
Aloha, It’s Shelon "Hutch" Hutchinson here! If you’re enjoying 'The Multifamily Real Estate Experiment' podcast, please like, comment, and share our episodes to help us reach and inspire more people. Thank you for your support!
In this part of the conversation, Hutch shares a personal lesson from selling a property during a difficult market cycle.
What looked like a painful real estate experience at the time ended up teaching him something bigger: real estate has always played an important role in how families, investors, and even the government think about long-term stability. 🏡
Hutch...
MFREE 127 Trailer # 4 with Will Harvey: Do You Know Your Exit Before You Enter the Deal?
Aloha, It’s Shelon "Hutch" Hutchinson here! If you’re enjoying 'The Multifamily Real Estate Experiment' podcast, please like, comment, and share our episodes to help us reach and inspire more people. Thank you for your support!
In this part of the conversation, Will Harvey III breaks down one of the biggest mistakes he sees newer borrowers and investors make: they do not think clearly enough about their exit strategy.
A lot of people focus on the upside. They think about the profit, the best-case scenario, and how well the deal could go. But Will remi...
MFREE 127 Trailer # 3 with Will Harvey: Are You Investing With Patience or Pressure?
Aloha, It’s Shelon "Hutch" Hutchinson here! If you’re enjoying 'The Multifamily Real Estate Experiment' podcast, please like, comment, and share our episodes to help us reach and inspire more people. Thank you for your support!
In this part of the conversation, Will Harvey III shares a lesson that came from experience: sometimes the mistake is not a bad deal — it is talking yourself into an okay deal because nothing else is happening.
He breaks down the idea of waiting for the “fat pitch,” a lesson often connected to Warren Buffett’s investing mindset. In baseball...
MFREE 127 Trailer # 2 with Will Harvey: Are You Building Wealth With Purpose or Just Motion?
Aloha, It’s Shelon "Hutch" Hutchinson here! If you’re enjoying 'The Multifamily Real Estate Experiment' podcast, please like, comment, and share our episodes to help us reach and inspire more people. Thank you for your support!
In this section of the podcast, Hutch brings Will Harvey III into the focus round — a faster, more personal part of the conversation where the answers go beyond just real estate.
Will talks about family, faith, sobriety, storytelling, diversification, and what success looks like today.
One of the biggest takeaways is that success is not only about...
MFREE 127 Trailer # 1 with Will Harvey: Can the Right Buy Protect You From the Wrong Market?
Aloha, It’s Shelon "Hutch" Hutchinson here! If you’re enjoying 'The Multifamily Real Estate Experiment' podcast, please like, comment, and share our episodes to help us reach and inspire more people. Thank you for your support!
“You make money when you buy, not when you sell.” 💰
In this episode, Hutch asks Will Harvey III about the quote or mantra that guides the way he makes decisions in real estate.
Will’s answer points to one of the most important lessons in investing: the price you pay matters.
When you buy with discipli...
MFREE 126 Full Episode with Ryan Gibson: Are You Reading the Flight Plan or Guessing the Destination?
Aloha, It’s Shelon "Hutch" Hutchinson here! If you’re enjoying 'The Multifamily Real Estate Experiment' podcast, please like, comment, and share our episodes to help us reach and inspire more people. Thank you for your support!
Host Shalon “Hutch” Hutchinson interviews Ryan, former commercial pilot and now CIO at Spartan Investment Group, on how elite investors think about risk using aviation principles like checklists and the ability to “set the parking brake” and walk away. Ryan describes transitioning from airline flying and single-family rentals to building a self-storage platform with about $1B in acquisitions and becoming the 29th lar...
MFREE 126 Trailer # 5 with Ryan Gibson: Are You Buying Assets or Buying Responsibilities?
Aloha, It’s Shelon "Hutch" Hutchinson here! If you’re enjoying 'The Multifamily Real Estate Experiment' podcast, please like, comment, and share our episodes to help us reach and inspire more people. Thank you for your support!
A lot of people hear the word passive and think it means hands-off.
But Ryan Gibson challenges that idea in this conversation. 🧠
In this episode Hutch and Ryan talk about the difference between owning real estate and truly investing passively.
Ryan explains that even assets people often call “hands-off” can still require decisions, calls, capital, an...
MFREE 126 Trailer # 4 with Ryan Gibson: Could Better Operations Create Better Results?
Aloha, It’s Shelon "Hutch" Hutchinson here! If you’re enjoying 'The Multifamily Real Estate Experiment' podcast, please like, comment, and share our episodes to help us reach and inspire more people. Thank you for your support!
One of the biggest lessons from this part of the conversation is simple:
Not every “fixed” expense is truly fixed. 💭
In this episode Hutch and Ryan Gibson talk about the importance of looking deeper into the operating side of a business or real estate asset.
Ryan explains that customers may never notice certain backend changes — l...
MFREE 126 Trailer # 3 with Ryan Gibson: Are You Building Wealth or Just Building Another Job?
Aloha, It’s Shelon "Hutch" Hutchinson here! If you’re enjoying 'The Multifamily Real Estate Experiment' podcast, please like, comment, and share our episodes to help us reach and inspire more people. Thank you for your support!
Real estate can create income while you are awake, asleep, present, or somewhere else entirely. 🏡💭
That idea is what first attracted Ryan Gibson to real estate.
In this episode Ryan shares how he started by doing what many people believe they are “supposed” to do — buying single-family homes.
And the deals were working.
They produced...
MFREE 126 Trailer # 1 with Ryan Gibson: When Should a Leader Set the Parking Brake?
Aloha, It’s Shelon "Hutch" Hutchinson here! If you’re enjoying 'The Multifamily Real Estate Experiment' podcast, please like, comment, and share our episodes to help us reach and inspire more people. Thank you for your support!
You don’t have to take off if something doesn’t feel right. ✈️
In this episode Hutch sits down with Ryan Gibson to talk about a lesson from aviation that still shapes how Ryan makes business and investment decisions today.
As a pilot, Ryan learned that the responsibility ultimately falls on the person in command. Before accepting an...
MFREE 126 Trailer # 2 with Ryan Gibson: What Does Real Self-Reflection Look Like in Leadership?
Aloha, It’s Shelon "Hutch" Hutchinson here! If you’re enjoying 'The Multifamily Real Estate Experiment' podcast, please like, comment, and share our episodes to help us reach and inspire more people. Thank you for your support!
Adrenaline may get your attention…
…but discipline, people, and communication shape the direction you actually go. ✈️💭
In this episode Hutch continues the conversation with Ryan Gibson about life after the airlines, the people who influence your growth, and the risks investors should understand more clearly.
Ryan shares how backcountry flying gives him a new kind of excitem...
MFREE 125 Full Episode with Shams Merchant: What Drives Success in Modern Real Estate?
Aloha, It’s Shelon "Hutch" Hutchinson here! If you’re enjoying 'The Multifamily Real Estate Experiment' podcast, please like, comment, and share our episodes to help us reach and inspire more people. Thank you for your support!
In a lightning-round “focus run,” an attorney who works on real estate syndications and capital markets shares that his idea of fun is investing and sourcing deals and sponsors. He describes the biggest inflection point in his career as leaving a large law firm representing institutional clients and high-profile individuals to join a boutique firm to deliver more value and build an...
MFREE 125 Trailer # 5 with Shams Merchant: Are You Ready to Work With Serious Capital in Real Estate?
Aloha, It’s Shelon "Hutch" Hutchinson here! If you’re enjoying 'The Multifamily Real Estate Experiment' podcast, please like, comment, and share our episodes to help us reach and inspire more people. Thank you for your support!
In this episode, Shams breaks down a shift many operators aren’t prepared for. Raising from family offices is not the same as raising from retail investors.
With larger capital comes higher expectations. More structure. More accountability. And more detailed conversations around how the deal is actually built.
While most investors focus on returns, the experienced ones p...
MFREE 125 Trailer # 4 with Shams Merchant: Are You Being Transparent or Just Hoping No One Notices?
Aloha, It’s Shelon "Hutch" Hutchinson here! If you’re enjoying 'The Multifamily Real Estate Experiment' podcast, please like, comment, and share our episodes to help us reach and inspire more people. Thank you for your support!
In this episode, Shams touches on something a lot of operators avoid talking about. There’s no “fake it till you make it” in this business.
When you’re dealing with investors and securities law, clarity and honesty are not optional. They’re required.
Being upfront about your experience, your structure, and your process builds real credibility. T...
MFREE 125 Trailer # 3 with Shams Merchant: Are You Making Your Deals Too Complicated for Investors to Say Yes?
Aloha, It’s Shelon "Hutch" Hutchinson here! If you’re enjoying 'The Multifamily Real Estate Experiment' podcast, please like, comment, and share our episodes to help us reach and inspire more people. Thank you for your support!
In this episode, Shams breaks down a mistake many operators make. Overcomplicating the deal structure.
The reality is simple. If investors can’t understand it, they won’t invest.
Even institutional players, with all their experience, still aim to keep things clear and structured. Yes, they add layers when needed, but not at the expense of understa...
MFREE 125 Trailer # 2 with Shams Merchant: How Do You Build, Operate, and Grow in Real Estate Over Time?
Aloha, It’s Shelon "Hutch" Hutchinson here! If you’re enjoying 'The Multifamily Real Estate Experiment' podcast, please like, comment, and share our episodes to help us reach and inspire more people. Thank you for your support!
In this focus round, Shams keeps it real. There’s no separation between work and fun when you actually enjoy the game. For him, investing is the downtime.
He also shares a major career shift. Leaving a big law firm to build something more intentional. More value. More alignment. It wasn’t easy, but it changed everything.
On the...
MFREE 125 Trailer # 1 with Shams Merchant: Are You Investing With the Crowd or Thinking for Yourself?
Aloha, It’s Shelon "Hutch" Hutchinson here! If you’re enjoying 'The Multifamily Real Estate Experiment' podcast, please like, comment, and share our episodes to help us reach and inspire more people. Thank you for your support!
In this episode, Shams shares a simple but disciplined approach to investing. Don’t follow the crowd. Understand it.
It’s easy to get pulled into what everyone else is doing, especially when the market feels loud or uncertain. But strong investors take a step back and think before they act.
When others are selling, take a closer...
MFREE MFREE 124 Full Episode with Brandon Cobb: What Do Most Investors Miss About Land Development?
Aloha, It’s Shelon "Hutch" Hutchinson here! If you’re enjoying 'The Multifamily Real Estate Experiment' podcast, please like, comment, and share our episodes to help us reach and inspire more people. Thank you for your support!
Host Hutch interviews land developer Brandon Cobb about how sophisticated investors find and evaluate land worth developing. Cobb shares a guiding quote about stress and explains how fatherhood forced him to be present rather than resist life’s events. He recounts being fired from medical device sales, which pushed him into entrepreneurship and real estate, progressing from flips to new constr...
MFREE MFREE 124 Trailer # 5 with Brandon Cobb: What Are You Really Solving For in Your Deals?
Aloha, It’s Shelon "Hutch" Hutchinson here! If you’re enjoying 'The Multifamily Real Estate Experiment' podcast, please like, comment, and share our episodes to help us reach and inspire more people. Thank you for your support!
In this episode, we get into how Brandon Cobb approaches land and development from a different angle.
It starts with understanding this.
Not all land is equal. What matters is what it can become and who actually wants it.
The focus is not just on the deal. It is on the end user.
Br...
MFREE MFREE 124 Trailer # 4 with Brandon Cobb: What Changes When Your Perspective Gets Bigger?
Aloha, It’s Shelon "Hutch" Hutchinson here! If you’re enjoying 'The Multifamily Real Estate Experiment' podcast, please like, comment, and share our episodes to help us reach and inspire more people. Thank you for your support!
In this episode, we walk through how Brandon Cobb got started and how his thinking evolved over time.
His first deal, he went all in. Liquidated retirement accounts, took the risk, and made it work. Not recommending that path, but it shows the level of commitment early on.
From there, he reinvested everything back into the busi...
MFREE MFREE 124 Trailer # 3 with Brandon Cobb: Are You Relying on a Job That Was Never Meant to Secure You?
Aloha, It’s Shelon "Hutch" Hutchinson here! If you’re enjoying 'The Multifamily Real Estate Experiment' podcast, please like, comment, and share our episodes to help us reach and inspire more people. Thank you for your support!
In this episode, we unpack a pivotal moment with Brandon Cobb that changed the direction of his life.
He shares how he finally broke into medical device sales, landed his dream role, and was performing at a high level.
Then one day, it was over.
No warning, just a conversation that forced a hard rese...