Meteorology Matters

The 2025 Atlantic hurricane season was a "very unusual" and paradoxical period, marked by a record-breaking concentration of high-intensity storms alongside a complete absence of U.S. hurricane landfalls for the first time in a decade. The season produced 13 named storms, 5 hurricanes, and 4 major hurricanes, resulting in an Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE) index of 133, approximately 7-8% above average. An unprecedented 80% of the season's hurricanes intensified to major status (Category 3 or higher), a trend fueled by near-record warm Atlantic Ocean temperatures.

Three storms—Erin, Humberto, and Melissa—achieved Category 5 strength, making 2025 only the second season on record with three or m...

Informe sobre la Temporada de Huracanes de 2025 y el Impacto del Huracán Melissa

La temporada de huracanes del Atlántico de 2025 fue un período inusual y paradójico, marcado por una concentración récord de tormentas de alta intensidad, junto con la ausencia total de huracanes que tocaron tierra en EE. UU. por primera vez en una década. La temporada produjo 13 tormentas con nombre, 5 huracanes y 4 huracanes mayores, lo que resultó en un índice de Energía Ciclónica Acumulada (ECA) de 133, aproximadamente entre un 7 % y un 8 % por encima del promedio. Un 80 % de los huracan...

Hurricane Melissa, an extraordinarily powerful and historic Category 5 storm, poses a catastrophic and life-threatening threat to Jamaica and the wider Caribbean. As of October 27, 2025, Melissa is intensifying south of Jamaica with maximum sustained winds of 175 mph, making it the third Category 5 hurricane of a season for only the second time on record. The storm is forecast to make landfall on Jamaica's southwestern coast late Monday night or early Tuesday as a devastating major hurricane, bringing catastrophic winds capable of causing total structural failure, extreme rainfall totals up to 40 inches leading to widespread flash flooding and landslides, and a life-threatening...

El huracán Melissa, una tormenta de categoría 5 extraordinariamente poderosa e histórica, representa una amenaza catastrófica y potencialmente mortal para Jamaica y el Caribe en general. A partir del 27 de octubre de 2025, Melissa se intensificará al sur de Jamaica con vientos máximos sostenidos de 280 km/h, lo que lo convierte en el tercer huracán de categoría 5 de una temporada, por segunda vez registrada. Se pronostica que la tormenta toque tierra en la costa suroeste de Jamaica la noche del lunes o la madrugada del martes como un huracán devastador, con vientos catastróficos capa...

Hurricane Melissa is rewriting the rules of tropical cyclones — a monster Category 4 rapidly intensifying over record-hot waters, threatening to become Jamaica’s worst storm in modern history. In this episode, Meteorology Matters breaks down the science behind Melissa’s explosive growth, the atmospheric setup fueling her strength, and why this storm’s slow movement could bring days of catastrophic flooding, deadly winds, and storm surge reaching historic levels.

We’ll also look at how Melissa compares to Hurricane Gilbert, what makes this event so dangerous for mountainous islands like Jamaica, and what forecasters fear most as it crawls tow...

El huracán Melissa está cambiando por completo las reglas de los ciclones tropicales — un monstruo categoría 4 que se fortalece a una velocidad impresionante sobre aguas más calientes que nunca, y que amenaza con convertirse en la peor tormenta que haya azotado a Jamaica en tiempos modernos.

En este episodio de Meteorology Matters, analizamos la ciencia detrás del crecimiento explosivo de Melissa, la atmósfera que alimenta su poder y por qué su lento desplazamiento podría dejar días de lluvias torrenciales, vientos devastadores y marejadas ciclónicas históricas.

También comparamos a...

FEMA Operations and Disaster Response: An Analysis of Systemic Delays, Inequities, and Administrative Challenges

Recent analysis of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) under the Trump administration reveals a system beset by severe operational challenges that are jeopardizing disaster response capabilities at state and local levels. Key findings indicate that new administrative rules, significant delays in grant funding and post-disaster reimbursements, and a reduction in the agency's workforce have created a state of "grant purgatory" for emergency managers. These issues are causing widespread financial strain on local governments, particularly in the aftermath of major events like Hurricane...

Operaciones de FEMA y Respuesta a Desastres: Un Análisis de Retrasos Sistémicos, Inequidades y Desafíos Administrativos

Un análisis reciente de la Agencia Federal para el Manejo de Emergencias (FEMA) bajo la administración Trump revela un sistema asediado por graves desafíos operativos que ponen en peligro la capacidad de respuesta ante desastres a nivel estatal y local. Los hallazgos clave indican que las nuevas normas administrativas, los retrasos significativos en la financiación de subvenciones y los reembolsos posteriores a desastres, y la reducción de la plantilla de la agencia han creado u...

Meteorology Matters is testing episodes in English and Spanish.

The rapid integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into daily life is driving an unprecedented and escalating demand for computational resources, resulting in a significant and growing environmental footprint. This briefing synthesizes key data on AI's consumption of energy and water, its contribution to carbon emissions and e-waste, and the emerging strategies for mitigating these impacts.

The core of AI's environmental burden lies in the vast data centers required to train and operate its models. These facilities consumed 4.4% of U.S. el...

Meteorology Matters is testing episodes in English and Spanish.

La rápida integración de la Inteligencia Artificial (IA) en la vida cotidiana está impulsando una demanda creciente y sin precedentes de recursos computacionales, lo que genera una huella ambiental significativa y creciente. Este informe sintetiza datos clave sobre el consumo de energía y agua de la IA, su contribución a las emisiones de carbono y los residuos electrónicos, y las estrategias emergentes para mitigar estos impactos.

La principal carga ambiental de la IA reside en los enor...

Bienvenidos a Meteorology Matters en Español, el podcast que explica la ciencia del tiempo y los fenómenos extremos que están cambiando nuestro mundo. Desde olas de calor históricas hasta huracanes que se intensifican rápidamente, aquí encontrarás explicaciones claras, entrevistas con expertos y análisis de cómo estos eventos afectan a nuestras comunidades. Publicado semanalmente, este espacio busca combatir la desinformación y compartir los hechos más importantes sobre la meteorología y sus impactos.

En este episodio de Meteorology Matters, analizamos lo último sobre olas de calor extremas, huracanes y patrones ca...

In this episode of Meteorology Matters, we break down the latest hurricane season update, science behind extreme weather, from record-breaking heatwaves to rapidly intensifying hurricanes, and explore how shifting ocean patterns like La Niña may shape the months ahead. We also examine the growing battles over science, misinformation, and public trust. Stay informed with the facts that matter most in 2025.

Hurricanes don’t just destroy buildings, they reshape communities. In this episode of Meteorology Matters, Rob Jones dives into how storms like Andrew, Katrina, and Ian left behind more than physical damage. From South Florida’s racial and ethnic divides, to gentrification in New Orleans, to today’s booming coastal housing markets, we explore how disasters deepen inequality. Who bounces back and who gets left behind?

Keywords

Hurricane Andrew, Hurricane Katrina, Hurricane Ian, disaster inequality, Florida hurricanes, climate change, housing markets, gentrification, natural disasters, Miami history, racial inequality, hurricane recovery, insurance crisis

In this episode of Meteorology Matters, we dive into how Hurricane Katrina reshaped New Orleans, not just physically, but politically and economically. We uncover how “disaster capitalism” and neoliberal urban policies turned the city into a laboratory for privatization, gentrification, and displacement. From skyrocketing rents and the demolition of public housing to the cultural erasure of long-time Black residents, New Orleans became a model for how crises can accelerate inequality in American cities.

🔑 Keywords: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans recovery, neoliberal urban policy, disaster capitalism, housing crisis, gentrification, inequality, post-Katrina, public housing, urban planning, disaster recovery, racial...

🌪️ Hurricane Preparedness & Forecasting 20 Years After Katrina

Episode Description:

It’s been 20 years since Hurricane Katrina reshaped the Gulf Coast — and the way we forecast and prepare for hurricanes. In this episode of Meteorology Matters, Rob Jones breaks down how forecasting has improved, where the biggest vulnerabilities remain, and why climate change is making storms more dangerous.

You’ll discover:

The Enduring Lessons of Hurricane Katrina and the Current State of U.S. Disaster Preparedness

Date: August 25, 2025

Twenty years after Hurricane Katrina, its lessons remain profoundly relevant, highlighting systemic failures in national preparedness, coordination, and the critical role of federal agencies. While significant strides have been made in hurricane science and forecasting since 2005, particularly through federally funded initiatives, these gains and the overall U.S. disaster response capability are now critically at risk. Current administrative actions, including budget cuts, leadership inexperience, and a proposed reduction in FEMA's role, threaten to roll back two decades of...

A federal judge in Miami has ordered the state of Florida to dismantle the "Alligator Alcatraz" immigrant detention facility in the Florida Everglades within 60 days, citing severe and irreparable environmental harm. This ruling, a significant victory for environmentalists and the Miccosukee Tribe of Indians, prohibits further expansion and mandates the removal of specific infrastructure. The facility, built on the site of a thwarted 1960s jetport, was fast-tracked without required environmental assessments, leading to habitat loss, increased mortality for endangered species, and disruption to a federally protected ecosystem. Florida Governor Ron DeSantis and the Trump administration have vowed to appeal...

Date: August 21, 2025

Current Status and Impacts of Hurricane Erin with Climate Context and Future Outlook

Hurricane Erin, a massive and dangerous Category 2 storm, is currently making its closest approach to the U.S. East Coast after 10 days of churning across the Atlantic. While its trajectory keeps the center offshore, its immense size (a "sprawling 1,000 miles wide," with a tropical-storm-force wind field extending 325 miles from its center) is causing widespread and significant coastal impacts from Florida to Newfoundland, Canada, and will affect Western Europe as a post-tropical cyclone. The storm's rapid intensification from Category 1 to Category 5...

Detailed Briefing: Hurricane Erin and Active Atlantic Tropical Systems (August 19, 2025)

This briefing summarizes the current status and forecast for Hurricane Erin, along with updates on two other developing tropical waves in the Atlantic, based on information from the National Hurricane Center (NHC) and other meteorological sources as of August 19, 2025.

1. Hurricane Erin: Current Status and Forecast Impacts

Hurricane Erin, currently a Category 2 hurricane, is located a couple of hundred miles northeast of the Southeast Bahamas. While its top winds have weakened, the storm has "dramatically [grown] in size" and is expected to "grow even...

August 17, 1025: Hurricane Erin, recently a Category 5 storm, underwent one of the fastest intensifications ever observed, reaching the second lowest pressure ever recorded for an August hurricane after Hurricane Allen in 1980. While the storm is fortunate to be on a path that avoids direct land impact, its powerful energy will still significantly affect coastal areas.

Key Facts about Hurricane Erin:

Hurricane Erin, the first Atlantic hurricane of 2025, has undergone an "unusually rapid intensification," rocketing from a tropical storm to a "catastrophic Category 5 hurricane" in less than 24 hours. While its center is not expected to make a direct landfall on the U.S. mainland, it poses significant threats of heavy rainfall, flash flooding, landslides, life-threatening surf, and rip currents in the Caribbean and along the U.S. East Coast. The exponential nature of hurricane damage potential underscores the severity of even small increases in wind speed.

Key Themes and Most Important Ideas/Facts

1. Unprecedented and Rapid...

The Trump administration is enacting significant policy changes across environmental regulation and space exploration, characterized by a consistent effort to dismantle climate-focused initiatives and streamline regulations, particularly benefiting the commercial space industry. These actions are drawing strong criticism from environmental advocates and scientists, who accuse the administration of climate denial and undermining crucial research

The Trump administration's actions reflect a deliberate strategy to prioritize economic growth and industry expansion, particularly in the commercial space sector, by significantly reducing environmental oversight and dismantling climate-related research and regulatory frameworks. This approach is highly contentious, facing strong opposition from the...

Meteorology Matters discusses the escalating challenges posed by extreme heat and potential mitigating strategies. We include the underestimated health burden beyond mortality, the significant economic and infrastructure strain, and the re-emergence of ancient, sustainable cooling technologies. We highlight a critical need for expanded public health interventions and a re-evaluation of current cooling paradigms, particularly in regions with limited access to conventional air conditioning.

A. Underestimated and Broad Health Impacts of Extreme Heat:

While fatalities due to extreme heat are well-documented, new research reveals a broader, less understood impact on morbidity (rates of disease and poor...

There has been an unusual and concerning surge in Vibrio vulnificus infections and deaths across the southeastern United States, especially in Florida. This bacterium, commonly known as "flesh-eating bacteria," thrives in warm, brackish seawater and can cause severe, rapidly progressing illness, including necrotizing fasciitis, and has a high fatality rate. While infections are generally rare, experts describe the current situation as "certainly not normal" and are investigating potential contributing factors, including the impacts of recent and forecasted hurricane seasons and environmental indicators like plankton and chlorophyll concentrations. Public health officials are emphasizing preventative measures and immediate medical attention for...

Recent reports highlight significant disruptions and policy shifts across several key federal agencies, including the National Weather Service (NWS), Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), under the current Trump administration. These changes, characterized by deep federal cuts, staffing reductions, and attempts to alter climate science narratives, have raised serious concerns about public safety, environmental protection, and the integrity of scientific information. While some efforts are underway to restore staffing, the long-term implications of these policies are a major concern.

As we head through August, it is typical for hurricane season to awaken in the Atlantic Ocean and the models are starting to hint at changes afoot. Elevated Tropical Activity: The Atlantic basin is entering a period of increased tropical activity, consistent with a "backloaded" hurricane season. Conditions are becoming more favorable for development, with warm ocean temperatures and a "La Niña light" influence.

13% of Floridian Deaths can be attributed to hurricanes and tropical storms? Recent research from both South Korea and the United States reveals a significant and largely underestimated public health burden associated with tropical cyclones (hurricanes/typhoons). Beyond the immediate, direct deaths typically reported, these studies demonstrate a substantial "excess mortality" that can persist for weeks, months, and even years after a storm. This hidden death toll disproportionately affects vulnerable populations, including the elderly, those with lower socioeconomic status, and racial/ethnic minorities. The findings highlight the critical need for expanded public health preparedness and policy measures that account for...

Meteorologist in Space

Deborah Martorell, a 54-year-old Puerto Rican meteorologist and journalist with over 30 years of experience, is set to become the "first meteorologist in the world (between men and women) to visit space." Her lifelong dream of becoming an astronaut, which began in childhood and was often "taken as a joke or saw me as this immature girl who wants to be an astronaut," is now becoming a reality.

Key Details of Martorell's Mission:

Review of recent Trump Administration actions impacting the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), with a focus on deregulation, scientific research, and disaster preparedness.

In July 2025, the Trump administration has taken significant steps to dismantle environmental regulations and reduce federal involvement in climate science and disaster response. Key actions include:

Pre-1890:

1890:

1892:

1895:

Early 1900s:

1931:

2016:

Recent studies from the University of Miami Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science and ongoing research by the University of Delaware and Rutgers University are shedding new light on how large sharks respond to hurricanes and their potential utility in predicting these powerful storms. While some shark species flee from approaching hurricanes, others, like tiger sharks, exhibit unexpected behavior, even increasing in number after a storm passes, likely due to increased scavenging opportunities. This newfound understanding of shark behavior, coupled with the development of "mobile marine monitors" using tagged sharks, offers a promising, albeit complementary, method for gathering...

2024:

A persistent "cold blob" in the subpolar North Atlantic, south of Greenland, has defied global warming trends for over a century, cooling by up to 0.3 degrees Celsius while surrounding waters warm. Recent research confirms this anomaly is primarily driven by a weakening of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), a vital system of ocean currents that regulates global climate. The slowdown is attributed to freshwater influx from melting Greenland ice, reducing water density and heat transport. Critically, new research suggests that an "Atlantification" process in the Arctic, specifically the Barents Sea, is creating a "back-up system" for dense water...

The devastating flash floods that swept through the Texas Hill Country on July 4, 2025, resulted in over 111 confirmed deaths and more than 170 missing persons, primarily in Kerr County. This disaster has brought to light critical failures in emergency warning systems, long-standing debates over funding for such infrastructure, and a significant political reluctance to accept accountability. While some areas like Comfort successfully utilized siren systems to prevent casualties, Kerr County, despite being in "Flash Flood Alley" and having a history of deadly floods, lacked effective public warning infrastructure due to cost concerns and political inaction. The incident has sparked a contentious...

Devastating flash floods, fueled by extraordinary rainfall, struck the Texas Hill Country on July 4-5, 2025, resulting in at least 37 confirmed deaths, including 14 children with many people still missing. The floods caused widespread destruction, particularly around the Guadalupe River in Kerr County, and prompted a massive search and rescue operation. A central point of contention has emerged regarding the adequacy of weather forecasts and public warnings, with state and local officials criticizing the National Weather Service (NWS) for a "botched forecast" particularly by the Texas Division of Emergency Management Chief W. Tim Kidd and a perceived lack of urgency, while...

Critical Hurricane Forecast and Sea Ice Monitoring Tool Abruptly Terminated

Date: June 26, 2025

The Empathizing-Systemizing (E-S) Theory and its Relevance

The E-S theory is a central framework discussed in both sources, hypothesizing that individuals possess varying degrees of "empathizing" and "systemizing" cognitive styles.

Meteorology Matters discusses a study indicating that human influence on global climate, specifically stratospheric cooling, could have been detected as early as 1885, preceding the widespread use of automobiles. Researchers conducted an experiment using modern climate models and hypothetical 1860 measurement capabilities to identify this early "human fingerprint" on atmospheric temperatures. The study highlights that stratospheric cooling is a strong indicator due to its clear response to CO2 increases and minimal natural variability, making detection easier than with surface temperatures. The authors of the study emphasize the importance of continued observation of the upper atmosphere for monitoring climate change, especially given...

Meteorology Matters discusses an ongoing lawsuit in Rockland County, New York, challenging the accuracy of the 2024 Presidential and Senate election results, particularly concerning alleged missing votes for Kamala Harris and Diane Sare. The lawsuit, brought by SMART Legislation, seeks a full hand recount due to statistical anomalies and voter affidavits claiming uncounted ballots. A significant point of contention is the "de minimis" software updates to voting machines, which critics argue were untested and lacked transparency. One source further alleges a complex conspiracy involving Eaton, Palantir, and Starlink, claiming these entities manipulated election data remotely and erased digital footprints, suggesting...

Environmental and safety concerns surrounding the Turkey Point nuclear power plant in Miami-Dade County, Florida, particularly its aging infrastructure and cooling canal system. A central issue highlighted is the hypersaline plume originating from the plant's cooling canals, which is threatening Miami's primary drinking water aquifer and the surrounding ecosystem. Environmental groups, such as Miami Waterkeeper, express alarm over the Nuclear Regulatory Commission's decision to extend the plant's operating license given its age and vulnerability to climate change impacts like hurricanes, sea-level rise, and extreme heat. While Florida Power & Light (FPL), the plant's owner, asserts the facility's safety and efforts...