Risky or Not?

40 Episodes
Subscribe

By: Don Schaffner and Ben Chapman

Risky or Not is a short podcast from Professor Ben Chapman from North Carolina State University, and Dr. Don Schaffner from Rutgers University. Dr. Don and Professor Chapman promise to do their best not to waffle, dither, dissemble or equivocate, and to give straight up answers about whether something is risky or not.

Coffee Made in a Coffee Maker Used to "Wash" Underwear
#901
Last Friday at 12:00 PM

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of drinking coffee from a coffee pot used to wash underware.

Dr. Don - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผ
Professor Ben - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผ

health influencer's video / X Urban Dictionary: mann's assumption AeroPress Go Travel Coffee Press | Camping Coffee Maker Neat Traveler Case Complete Travel Kit for Spirits โ€“ Aged&Ore How hot is the water in the brewer? | Knowledge Article


Dried Garlic in Cold Process Soap
#900
Last Wednesday at 12:00 PM

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of making garlic soap.

Dr. Don - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผย 
Professor Ben - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผ

Whisky - Wikipedia Irish coffee - Wikipedia Chumbawamba - Tubthumping - YouTube Wild Waters Soapery Garlic Soap | Don't Eat It! Soap and Skin Care Garlic-in-oil associated botulism: episode leads to product modification. | AJPH | Vol. 80 Issue 11 Garlic-in-oil associated botulism: episode leads to product modification. Conservative prediction of time to Clostridium botulinum toxin formation for use with time-temperature indicators to ensure the safety of foods - PubMed Black Garlic Infused Soap Soap Poisoning | A Christmas Sto...


Wine From Grapes Grazed by Goats
#899
Last Monday at 12:00 PM

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks from drinking wine from grapes grazed by goats.

Dr. Don - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผ
Professor Ben - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผ

Goats Do Roam Red - Fairview Marketplace What is Cรดtes du Rhรดne? | Wine Enthusiast Magazine Mississippi Pot Roast {The BEST Pot Roast EVER} - Belle of the Kitchen Cryptosporidium, an important enteric pathogen in goats โ€“ A review - ScienceDirect A Simple Alcohol-based Method of Oocyst Inactivation for Use in the Development of Detection Assays for Cryptosporidium - ScienceDirect Effect of Organic Acids and Hydrogen Peroxide on Cryptosporidium...


Flipping Veggie Wings With Unwashed Hands
#898
03/06/2026

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks from flipping veggie wings with unwashed hands.

Fedica text: Dr. Don - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผ
Professor Ben - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผ

Vegan Buffalo Nuggets | MorningStar Farmsยฎ Kourosh Dini | Mind, Music, and Productivity


Cooked Brown Rice Infested With Pantry Moths
#897
03/04/2026

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks from eating eating cooked brown rice infested with pantry moths.

Dr. Don - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผ
Professor Ben - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผ

Indianmeal moth - Wikipedia Tyndallization - Wikipedia The Best Way to Cook to Brown Rice Is the Pasta Method | The Kitchn Influence of diets and developmental stages on microbiota associated with the Indian Meal Moth Plodia interpunctella


Not Washing a Cats Water Bowl for a Week
#896
03/02/2026

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks from not washing a pets water bowl for a week.

Dr. Don - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผ
Professor Ben - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผ

How Often Should You Wash Dog Bowls for Food and Water? Clean the Germiest Home Items | NSF Pet feeding habits and the microbiological contamination of dog food bowls: effect of feed type, cleaning method and bowl material - PubMed Survey evaluation of dog owners' feeding practices and dog bowls' hygiene assessment in domestic settings | PLOS One


Caramel Apple That's Been Shipped Priority Mail
#895
02/27/2026

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks from eating a candied or caramel apple that's been shipped priority mail.

Dr. Don - risky โ˜ฃ๏ธ
Professor Ben - risky โ˜ฃ๏ธ

Growth of Listeria monocytogenes within a Caramel-Coated Apple Microenvironment | mBio Fate of Listeria monocytogenes in Fresh Apples and Caramel Apples - ScienceDirect Multistate Outbreak of Listeriosis Linked to Commercially Produced, Prepackaged Caramel Apples Made from Bidart Bros. Apples | Listeria | CDC Listeria and candied and caramel-coated apples | UMN Extension Gourmet Candy Apples | Kandy Apples by K | Raleigh


Pizza Sold by a Person That Broke Into the Restaurant
#894
02/25/2026

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks from Eating pizza sold by a person that broke into a pizza restaurant.

Dr. Don - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผ
Professor Ben - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผ

Burglary - Wikipedia Man breaks into Little Caesars and sells pizzas, NC cops say | Raleigh News & Observer Microbiological Quality and Safety of Pizza Held Out of Temperature Control in University Dining Halls - ScienceDirect Herman Cain - Wikipedia Herman Cain: An implausible candidate - CBS News


Eating an Opened Two-Year-Old 5-Pound Gummy Bear
#893
02/23/2026

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks from eating an opened two-year-old 5-pound gummy bear

Dr. Don - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผ
Professor Ben - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผ

GGB Candies - Giant Gummy Bears - The Original Manufacturer Osmosis Experiment With Gummy Bears Longer Contact Times Increase Cross-Contamination of Enterobacter aerogenes from Surfaces to Food - PubMed


Food From a Distribution Center With a Class II Recall
#892
02/20/2026

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks from food from a distribution center with a class II recall

Dr. Don - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผ
Professor Ben - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผ

Gold Star Distribution Inc., Issues Recall of Certain FDA-Regulated Products in Three States Including Drugs, Devices, Cosmetics, Human Foods, and Pet Foods | FDA Recalled Food List Recalls Background and Definitions | FDA


Using Fresh Garlic in Sous Vide Cooking
#891
02/18/2026

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of using fresh garlic in sous vide cooking.

Dr. Don - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผ
Professor Ben - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผ

FDA Fish and Fishery Products Hazards and Controls Guidance Chapter 13 Conservative prediction of time to Clostridium botulinum toxin formation for use with time-temperature indicators to ensure the safety of foods - PubMed Parameters Determining Inoculated Pack Challenge Study Why you should never use raw garlic for sous vide cooking Sous Vide Short Ribs Recipe (48 hours to tenderness) - DadCooksDinner Sous Vide Short Ribs (Boneless Beef) - Two Kooks In The Kitch


Hairy Bikers Poached Eggs in Dirty Water
#890
02/16/2026

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of using the Hairy Bikers egg poaching method.

Dr. Don - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผ
Professor Ben - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผ

Hairy Fishnuts : r/BloomCounty Hairy Bikers - Wikipedia


Re-Using Chocolate From a Chocolate Fondue Fountain
#889
02/13/2026

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks from re-using chocolate from a chocolate fondue fountain.

Dr. Don - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผย 
Professor Ben - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผ

The (Great) Unwashed Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster Dash Sauce Fountain : Target Chocolate Fountain Operating Manual Up to eleven - Wikipedia 69. Licking a Chocolate Statue โ€” Risky or Not?


Using Smell to Determine When a Food Is Safely Cooked
#888
02/11/2026

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of using smell to determine when a food is safely cooked.

Dr. Don - risky โ˜ฃ๏ธ
Professor Ben - risky โ˜ฃ๏ธ

Super Disco Breakin' (Remastered 2009) - YouTube Global study of variability in olfactory sensitivity - PubMed I can smell the moment food is done cooking : r/Cooking High Fidelity (film) - Wikipedia


Four Year Expired Beef Jerky From a Safe at the Bottom of the Ocean
#887
02/09/2026

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks from eating four year expired beef jerky from a safe at the bottom of the ocean.

Dr. Don - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผ
Professor Ben - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผ

Mystery over safe with beef jerky inside recovered from Shark Bay's ocean floor - ABC News


886. Attending a Pickle Party
02/06/2026

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks from attending a pickle party.

Dr. Don - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผ
Professor Ben - risky โ˜ฃ๏ธ

We can pickle that (Portlandia) - YouTube Fermenting - National Center for Home Food Preservation Pickled Eggs - National Center for Home Food Preservation The Food Section ABC - The Food Section


Snowcream
#885
02/04/2026

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks from snowcream.

Dr. Don - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผ
Professor Ben - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผ

snow - Risky or Not? Instagram reel Ode to Sugar on Snow | Maple Syrup on Snow Recipe - New England Is it actually safe to eat ice cream made from snow? People Are Wondering If Snow Is Edible โ€” I Asked An Expert Locations - Rita's Ice


Using a Screen Porch as a Refrigerator in December in Upstate New York
#884
02/02/2026

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks from using a screen porch as a refrigerator in December in upstate New York.

Dr. Don - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผ
Professor Ben - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผ

Listeriosis Outbreaks Associated with Soft Cheeses, United States, 1998โ€“2014 - PMC Is it Safe to Store Food on the Porch or in the Garage During the Winter? Social Media Analytics and Publishing - Fedica Log In - Libsyn


Eggnog in a Plastic Wine Bottle
#883
01/30/2026

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks from eggnog commercially sold in a plastic wine bottle.

Dr. Don - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผ
Professor Ben - risky โ˜ฃ๏ธ

10 of the Best Finger Lakes Wineries You Must Visit


Ice From the Automatic Ice Maker in a Home Freezer
#882
01/28/2026

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks from a home automatic ice maker ice.

Dr. Don - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผ
Professor Ben - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผ

How clean is your ice machine? Revealing microbial amplification and presence of opportunistic pathogens in hospital ice-water machines - ScienceDirect Microbiological quality of packaged ice from various sources in Georgia - PubMed Outbreaks in Health Care Settings - PMC Guidelines for Environmental Infection Control in Health-Care Facilities


40 Year Old Dry Aged Coffee
#881
01/26/2026

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of consuming 40 year old dry aged coffee.

Dr. Don - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผ
Professor Ben - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผ

Yosemitebear Mountain Double Rainbow 1-8-10 - YouTube Double Rainbow (viral video) - Wikipedia Risky or Not? 310. Really Old Green Coffee Beans โ€” Risky or Not? Instagram What Is Aged Coffee? [TOMT] [Conspiracy Tool] What's it called when you use red string to connect a bunch of pieces of information when trying to unravel a conspiracy? : r/tipofmytongue Starbucks Dua Kali: A Bold Reinvention of Sumatra Coffee : Starbucks Stories Asia


Improperly Stored 44 Year Old Wine
#880
01/23/2026

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of consuming 44 year old wine stored upright.

Dr. Don - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผ
Professor Ben - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผ

Compounds causing cork taint and the factors affecting their transfer from natural cork closures to wine โ€“ a review - SEFTON - 2005 - Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research - Wiley Online Library Should I be concerned about wine bottles stored upright in a wine shop or restaurant? Chambord (liqueur) - Wikipedia Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About Cork Taint | Wine Enthusiast Magazine 1979 Jim Beam Snow Goose AND Blue Goose Dec...


Homemade Egg Nog Over 2 Years Old
#879
01/21/2026

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of drinking homemade egg nog over 2 years old-

Dr. Don - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผ
Professor Ben - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผ

Eggnog - Wikipedia 238. Raw Egg Eggnog Refrigerated for 6 Months โ€” Risky or Not? TAINTED EGGNOG FATAL TO 4 RESIDENTS OF A COUNTY NURSING HOME IN JERSEY - The New York Times Survival of pathogenic microorganisms in an egg-nog-like product containing 7% ethanol - ScienceDirect


Not UV Sterilizing Coffee Scoop After Use
#878
01/19/2026

ย Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of not UV sterilizing coffee scoop after use.

Dr. Don - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผ
Professor Ben - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผ

5 Best UV Phone Sanitizers Cleaning your iPhone - Apple Support Do Not Use Ultraviolet (UV) Wands That Give Off Unsafe Levels of Radiation: FDA Safety Communication | FDA Nightsleeper - Wikipedia


One Liter of Water From an "Uncontrolled" Sintra Portugal Water Fountain
#877
01/16/2026

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks from drinking water from an "uncontrolled" Sintra Portugal water fountain.

Dr. Don - risky โ˜ฃ๏ธ
Professor Ben - risky โ˜ฃ๏ธ

Fountain on Google Maps Energy Drink | 2:1 Fructose | Great Tasting Energy Nutrition | HIGH5 water - Risky or Not? Water ๐Ÿ’ง drinking from faucets? : r/PortugalExpats Google Translate - รกgua nรฃo controlada Water supply and sanitation in Portugal - Wikipedia Sintra Fountains - Tourist Guide Environmental Toxicology II - C. A. Brebbia, M. Zamorano - Google Books Explore Sintra's Beautiful Fountains: History & Landmarks


Continuously Reusing an Unwashed French Press for Coffee and Tea
#876
01/14/2026

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks from continuously reusing an unwashed french press for coffee and tea.

Dr. Don - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผ
Professor Ben - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผ

208. Not Washing Coffee Making Devices โ€” Risky or Not? 37: Tea at Room Temperature โ€” Risky or Not? Determination of potentially mycotoxigenic fungi in coffee (Coffea arabica L.) from Nayarit - PMC Mycotoxins in Coffee - ScienceDirect


OneTrueJustin's Parents Half Eaten Banana
#875
01/12/2026

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks from leaving a half a cut banana at room temperature for 24 hours.

Dr. Don - risky โ˜ฃ๏ธ
Professor Ben - risky โ˜ฃ๏ธ

14: Budnik's Banana โ€” Risky or Not? Justin Ekins on X: "@bugcounter @benjaminchapman My parents routinely leave half-eaten bananas in the bowl for later consumption. Is this risky? Assume 24 hours between splitting and eating the second half. https://t.co/76VwOdFD39" / X Banana peel: a possible source of infection in the treatment of nipple fissures - PubMed


Dry Canning Potatoes
#874
01/09/2026

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks from pressure canning cooked potatoes without added water.

Dr. Don - risky โ˜ฃ๏ธย 
Professor Ben - risky โ˜ฃ๏ธ

Potato Facebook Reel Resources: USDA Complete Guide to Home Canning | National Center for Home Food Preservation "Dry Canning" Isn't Canning - National Center for Home Food Preservation Potatoes, White โ€“ Cubed or Whole - National Center for Home Food Preservation National Botulism Surveillance Summary, 2021 | Botulism | CDC How to Can Dry Packed Potatoes: Step-by-Step Guide | The Canning Diva The Original Canning Rebels | Facebook Facebook certificate of analysis


Leftover Conveyer Belt Sushi
#873
01/07/2026

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks from eating leftover conveyer belt sushi.

Dr. Don - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผ
Professor Ben - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผ

Conveyor Belt Sushi in Japan Conveyor belt sushi - Wikipedia Arrests made after wave of 'sushi terrorism' upends Japan's restaurant industry | Japan | The Guardian Florida Department of Health - Time as a Public Health Control Procedures


Medium Rare Chicken
#872
01/05/2026

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks from eating medium rare (not ground) chicken.

Dr. Don - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผ
Professor Ben - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผ

Archive: National Advisory Committee on Microbiological Criteria for Foods (NACMCF) | Food Safety and Inspection Service Response to the Questions Posed by the Food Safety and Inspection Service Regarding Consumer Guidelines for the Safe Cooking of Poultry Products - ScienceDirect No FODMAP Chicken Paillard - FODMAP Everyday


Eating 1 or 2 Bites of Undercooked Ground Pork
#871
01/02/2026

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks from eating 1 or 2 bites of undercooked ground pork.

Dr. Don - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผย 
Professor Ben - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผ ย 

Meta Platforms - Wikipedia Cook to a Safe Minimum Internal Temperature | FoodSafety.gov What foodborne organisms are in pork? WHO and FAO published a report ranking foodborne viruses | Food Safety News Microbiological risk assessment of viruses in foods Part 1: Food attribution, analytical methods and indicators Presence of hepatitis E virus in commercially available pork products - PubMed


A Smoothie Made With a Cordless Drill
#870
12/31/2025

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks from making a smoothie using a cordless drill.

Dr. Don - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผย 
Professor Ben - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผ ย 

Amazon.com: KatchOn, 2026 Glasses New Year Eve - Pack of 12 | Happy New Year Eyeglasses 2026 for New Years Eve Party Supplies 2026 | NYE Party Glasses | Happy New Years Decorations 2026 | NYE Decorations 2026 : Home & Kitchen Fans of Mr. Monk Group | Natalie making a smoothie with a power drill | Facebook Natalie Makes A Smoothie With A Power Drill | Monk - YouTube Mr. Monk Is on the Run (Part One) | Monk Wiki | Fandom Milwaukee 1 in. X 6 in. L...


Moldy Clay
#869
12/29/2025

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks from moldy clay.

Dr. Don - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผย 
Professor Ben - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผ ย 

Moldy Clay Instagram Dogen's Genjokoan Moldy clay? : r/Pottery Toxic mold in clay? - Clay and Glaze Chemistry - Ceramic Arts Daily Community Ceramics | Office of Environmental Health and Safety


Homemade Caramel Sauce Left Out Over Night
#868
12/26/2025

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks from leaving homemade caramel sauce out over night.

Dr. Don - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผย 
Professor Ben - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผ ย 

David Mitchell (comedian) - Wikipedia Great White North - YouTube Mayor Clint Eastwood | Carmel-by-the-Sea, California Sweetened Condensed Milk Caramel Recipe Shelf stable caramel sauce : r/foodscience Water activity and its relevance Hit Somebody! (The Hockey Song) - YouTube


Using Tongs
#867
12/24/2025

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks from using tongs to pick up food.

Fedica text: Dr. Don - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผย 
Professor Ben - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผ

Post by @bharrap.bsky.social โ€” Bluesky


Thawing Chicken With an Aquarium Pump
#866
12/22/2025

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of using an aquarium pump to circulate the water to aid in thawing a chicken in a cooler of water.

Fedica text: Dr. Don - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผย 
Professor Ben - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผ

Alton Brown Aquarium Pump thawing Instagram 86. Thawing Poultry at Room Temperature โ€” Risky or Not? Quick food thawing with running water versus a recirculating faucet: Comparison of time to thaw and use of water and energy - ScienceDirect


Cleaning a Food Thermometer With Just Water
#865
12/19/2025

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of cleaning a food thermometer with just water.

Dr. Don - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผ
Professor Ben - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผ

Cleaning and Other Control and Validation Strategies To Prevent Allergen Cross-Contact in Food-Processing Operations - ScienceDirect Evaluation of the potential for electronic thermometers to contribute to spread of healthcare-associated pathogens - ScienceDirect


Tap Water From a Sketchy Bathroom Sink
#864
12/17/2025

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks from drinking tapwater from a bathroom sink where the bathroom smells like a bathroom.

Fedica text: Dr. Don - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผ
Professor Ben - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผ

Arc - Robot or Not? #310 - The Incomparable Water Quality : r/Brooklyn The toilet at NYC club CBGB - by Chris Stein : r/UtterlyUniquePhotos CBGB - Wikipedia Cat's Cradle | Live Music and Concerts | Carrboro, NC


Taking a Pill Dropped in the Bathroom Sink
#863
12/15/2025

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks from taking a pill dropped in the bathroom sink for less than five seconds.

Dr. Don - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผ
Professor Ben - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผ

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) - Mayo Clinic Rutgers Researchers Debunk 'Five-Second Rule': Eating Food off the Floor Isn't Safe | Rutgers University SINKSHROOM Ultra Revolutionary Bathroom Sink Dog, Cat & Small Pet Drain Protector, Stainless Steel - Chewy.com SinkShroom Chrome Stainless Steel Drain Protector Mfr# SSULTR321 - Ace Hardware Some realtors no longer using "master" to describe bedrooms and bathrooms - CBS News Bathro...


Wearing "New" Clothes Without Washing
#862
12/12/2025

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of wearing "new" (to you) clothes without washing first.

Dr. Don - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผ
Professor Ben - not risky ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผ

Robot or Not? - a podcast from The Incomparable Ep. 604: "Unintentionalย Curator" - Roderick on the Line - Merlin Mann Potential Skin Pathogens on Second Hand Clothes and the Effectiveness of Disinfection Methods - Semantic Scholar "Public Health Implications of Retailer Resale of Returned Textile Clot" by Antonette M. A. Francis-Shearer Contaminated clothing of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carriers is a potential source of transmission - ScienceDirect Second-Hand C...