Beyond the Breakers
Beyond The Breakers is a podcast about shipwrecks, loss, and lessons learned from maritime disasters.
Episode 160.1 - Tirpitz, Pt. I
This episode is part one (of two) on the life and times of the German battleship Tirpitz.
The Sameer Project
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Sources:
Hansen, Kenneth P. “Raeder Versus Wegener: Conflict in German Naval Strategy.” The Naval War College Review, vol. 58, no. 4, Autumn 2005.
Knowles, Daniel.Tirpitz: The Life and Death of Germany's Last Great Battleship. Fonthill Media, 2018.
Steinberg, Jonathan. Yesterday’s Deterrent: Tirpitz and the Birth of the German Battle Fleet. Macmillan, 1965.
Symonds, Craig L. World War II at Sea: A Global History. Oxford University Press, 2018.
Zetterl...
Episode 159 - Padre Eterno
This week it's the tale of the Portuguese galleon Padre Eterno, launched in the Bay of Guanabara in 1663. More the story of a ship that did wreck at some point and the world she inhabited rather than a nuts-and-bolts 'shipwreck' yarn.
The Sameer Project
Sources:
Blackburn, Robin. The Making of New World Slavery: From the Baroque to the Modern, 1492 - 1800. Verso, 1998.
Camenietzki, Carlos Ziller. “O galeão Padre Eterno.” BN Digital Brasil. https://bndigital.bn.gov.br/dossies/historia-da-ciencia/o-galeao-padre-eterno/
Costa, Fernando Dores. A Guerra da Restauração, 1641 - 1668 (Temas de Hi...
**unlocked** 'The Ignoble Means by Which That Wealth Was Accumulated' - The Slaving Brig Henriqueta and the Illicit Slave Trade to Brazil (March 2025 2nd Mate Bonus)
We've unlocked a bonus episode for everyone, since there's some useful information here for an upcoming main episode dealing with Portugal/Brazil.
Sources:
Blackburn, Robin. The Making of New World Slavery: From the Baroque to the Modern, 1492 - 1800. Verso Books, 1998.
Silva, Daniel Neves. "Escravidão no Brasil." Universo Online, https://mundoeducacao.uol.com.br/historiadobrasil/escravidao-no-brasil.htm
Tinnie, Dinizulu Gene. “The Slaving Brig Henriqueta and Her Evil Sisters: A Case Study in the 19th Century Illegal Slave Trade to Brazil.” The Journal of African American History, vol. 93, no. 4, Fall 2008, pp. 509 - 531.
"Tr...
**bonus preview** "To Defeat Such Unreasonable Purposes": Lord Dunmore's Floating Town - A Maritime Misadventure of the American Rebellion
This is a short preview of our most recent $3 bonus episode - sign up on Patreon at the $3 Able Seaperson tier for an extra episode each month, or the $5 2nd Mate tier for two extra episodes.
Patrons also get main episodes a few days early, plus occasional bits of the main episode that are edited out on the main feed release.
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Episode 158 - SS Pacific
We're back to discuss the career of the SS Pacific (not that one, the other one!) We'll even throw in a rail disaster for free.
Sources:
https://web.archive.org/web/20091215121426/http://www.theshipslist.com/ships/descriptions/ShipsP-Q.html
https://web.archive.org/web/20100120135812/http://www.theshipslist.com/ships/lines/collins.html
https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/service/ll/usrep/usrep062/usrep062372/usrep062372.pdf
https://web.archive.org/web/20141024184337/http://www.barnstablepatriot.com/h...
Episode 157.4 - "We're Living Now, Aren't We?": HMCS Karluk, Pt. IV ft. Jessica Watkins
Here we have the long-awaited conclusion to our epic series on the saga of HMCS Karluk
Don't forget that there is a bonus Part V available for patrons, covering Stefansson's later ill-fated attempt at colonizing Wrangel Island
Major thanks to Jess (@jesslovesboats) for guiding us through this story!
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Sources:
Cavell, Janice. “The Karluk’s Lost Men: The Alexander Anderson and Alister Forbes Mackay Parties, 1914.” The Journal of the Hakluyt Society, March 2025, pp. 1 - 31.
Diubaldo, Richard J. Stefansson and the Canadian Arctic. McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1978.
Jennes...
Episode 157.3 - "I Don't Know How This Will End": HMCS Karluk, Pt. III ft. Jessica Watkins
Jess (@jesslovesboats) is back to navigate us through Part Three (of Four) in the saga of the Karluk!
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Sources for Part II:
Cavell, Janice. "The Karluk's Lost Men: The Alexander Anderson and Alister Forbes Mackay Parties, 1914." The Journal of the Hakluyt Society, March 2025, pp. 1 - 31.
Diubaldo, Richard J. Stefansson and the Canadian Arctic. McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1978.
Levere, Trevor H. “Vilhjalmur Stefansson, the Continental Shelf, and a New Arctic Continent.” The British Journal for the History of Science, vol. 21, no. 2, June 1988, pp. 233 - 247.
Levy, Buddy. Empire o...
Episode 157.2 - "A Nice Mess": HMCS Karluk, Pt. II ft. Jessica Watkins
Jess is back as we get further into the saga of the Karluk (emphasis on the second syllable). If you've been waiting for the shipwreck, wait no more!
Sources for Part II:
Cavell, Janice. "The Karluk's Lost Men: The Alexander Anderson and Alister Forbes Mackay Parties, 1914." The Journal of the Hakluyt Society, March 2025, pp. 1 - 31.
Diubaldo, Richard J. Stefansson and the Canadian Arctic. McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1978.
Levere, Trevor H. “Vilhjalmur Stefansson, the Continental Shelf, and a New Arctic Continent.” The British Journal for the History of Science, vol. 21, no. 2...
Episode 157.1 - “Like Small Black Specks Against The Everlasting White”: HMCS Karluk, Pt. I ft. Jessica Watkins
We're joined by longtime listener and longer time polar exploration enthusiast Jessica (@jesslovesboats) for a tale that would be a certified goofball comedy if not for the overwhelming tragedy of it - it's the story of the Karluk, the Canadian Arctic Expedition, and the men, women, and (yes!) children who fought to survive in some of the cruelest conditions that Planet Earth has to offer.
*This is Part One of a four-part series; there will also be an Able Seaperson-tier bonus episode related to this series
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Sources for Part I:
<...Episode 156 - USS Oklahoma
This week it's the story of a battleship so famous that they made an entire musical about her.
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Don't forget to check out our guest appearance on We Always Lie to Strangers where we are introduced to the 1953 Springfield Missouri Cobra Scare.
Sources:
Evans, David C. The Japanese Navy in World War II: In the Words of Former Japanese Naval Officers, 2nd Edition. Naval Institute Press, 2017.
Toll, Ian W. Pacific Crucible: War at Sea in the Pacific, 1941 - 1942. Norton, 2012.
"Salvage of the USS Oklahoma, 1942 - 1944." Naval...
Episode 155 - Drum Major
This week it is the story of the narrowboat Drum Major and her 1998 foundering on the Leeds & Liverpool Canal that resulted in multiple deaths.
*there is about 19 minutes of intro in this one so skip accordingly if you want to get into things right away
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Sources:
Clarke, Mike. The Leeds & Liverpool Canal: A History and Guide. Carnegie Publishing, 1994.
Farrington, J.H. “The Leeds and Liverpool Canal: A Study in Route Selection.” Area, vol. 1, no. 1, 1969, pp. 22 - 23.
“Report on the investigation of the foundering of the narro...
Episode 154 - R.J. Hackett ft. Kaylee Matuszak
Honorary third host of the podcast Kaylee is back this week to join us in discussing the R.J. Hackett, a vessel that changed the way bulk cargo was transported on the Great Lakes and laid the groundwork for the designs we still see today.
gazafunds.com
Sources:
Baker, Newton D. “Transportation on the Great Lakes.” The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, vol. 171, Jan 1934, pp. 204 - 210.
Bowlus, Bruce. “Bold Experiments: The Evolution of the Great Lakes Ore Carrier.” Michigan Historical Review, vol. 22, no. 1, Spring 1996, pp. 1 - 17.
“Steame...
Episode 153 - The I-40 Bridge Disaster ft. We Always Lie To Strangers
We are joined by the baddest boys in the Ozarks - We Always Lie To Strangers - to discuss the I-40 Bridge Disaster, which saw the towboat Robert Y. Love impact a bridge over the Arkansas river near Webbers Falls, Oklahoma, on May 26 2002.
(Wish we could claim the foresight to have scheduled this for the anniversary but that is entirely 100% coincidental)
You can find everything WALTS-related here
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Sources:
"5NEWS Vault | I-40 Bridge Collapse in Webbers Falls (Part 2)." 5NEWS, 25 Apr 2022. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PKQVicEbWak
**Bonus Preview** "Weep Long and Bitterly": The Globe Mutiny, Part III
This is a short preview of a bonus episode available at the Able Seaperson ($3) and 2nd Mate ($5) tiers
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Episode 152.2 - "An Innocent Child of Nature": The Globe Mutiny, Part II
Here we conclude the main story of the mutiny on the whaleship Globe where everyone lives happily ever after in a tropical paradise. Or something like that.
*meant to cut in a minor edit for this episode - George Comstock was 15 by the time the Globe sailed, and Samuel was 20
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Sources:
Couper, Alastair. “Dangers, Mutinies, and the Law.” Sailors and Traders: A Maritime History of the Pacific Peoples.” University of Hawai’i Press
Gibson, Gregory. Demon of the Waters: The True Story of the Mutiny on the Whaleship...
Episode 152.1 - "Provisions for the Kingdom-To-Be": The Globe Mutiny, Part I
Following up on our Battleship Potemkin bonus, we are staying in the mutinous mood with this two-part series on the whaleship Globe, and the enigmatic boatsteerer Samuel Comstock who would cast her into infamy.
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Sources:
Couper, Alastair. “Dangers, Mutinies, and the Law.” Sailors and Traders: A Maritime History of the Pacific Peoples.” University of Hawai’i Press
Gibson, Gregory. Demon of the Waters: The True Story of the Mutiny on the Whaleship Globe. Little, Brown, and Company, 2002.
Heffernan, Thomas Farel. The Mutiny on the Globe: The Fatal...
Battleship Potemkin - The Easter Cut (Bonus Episode Preview)
ХРИСТОС ВОСКРЕСЕ!
**this is a short preview of a much longer bonus episode we did on Sergei Eisenstein's Battleship Potemkin, available for $3 and $5 patrons**
Religious symbolism plays a major role in the works of Sergei Eisenstein, so we found ourselves discussing it quite a bit during our episode on Battleship Potemkin. For Easter, we've cut those sections of the episode together in one concentrated mini-episode.
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Episode 151 - USS Turner
This week we discuss the loss of the USS Turner, a Gleaves-class destroyer that sank off of New York City in January 1944.
**Jump to around 13:30 to get right into the action**
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Sources:
"Gleaves class destroyers (1940)." https://naval-encyclopedia.com/ww2/us/gleaves-class-destroyers.php
Naczi, Robert F. "Special: Tragedy Strikes in New York Harbor." U.S. Naval Institute, December 1995, https://www.usni.org/magazines/proceedings/1995/december/special-tragedy-strikes-new-york-harbor
Verga, Christopher. "Sinking of the U.S.S. Turner: Tragedy, Heroism, and Mystery." Fire Island News, 26 Dec 2024. https://www.fireislandnews.co...
Episode 150 - The Drowning of Númenor (April Fool's 2025)
In this episode we go deep into the history books to discuss the deadliest maritime disaster we've covered up to this point.
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Kelly (Radway's Medicated Soap)
Nick (Sulfur Bitters)
Jas (Dr. Keeler's Celebrated Family Medicines [various])
Kaylee (Father Koening's Nerve Tonic)
Sharp (Allan's Lung Balsam)
Taylor (Hood's Sarsaparilla)
Katie (Dr. Butts' Marriage Guide)
Sources:
Elendil the Tall. Akallabêth. Barahir Books, 3321 SA.
Tolkien, J.R.R.The Fall...
**Bonus Preview** 'The Ignoble Means by Which That Wealth Was Accumulated' - The Slaving Brig Henriqueta and the Illicit Slave Trade to Brazil (March 2025 2nd Mate Bonus)
Here is a short clip from our most recent 2nd Mate Tier bonus episode: 'The Ignoble Means by Which That Wealth Was Accumulated' - The Slaving Brig Henriqueta and the Illicit Slave Trade to Brazil
*(the full episode is about 1:18:00 in length)
If you enjoy the show, there is much more of it for you to check out on Patreon - join as an Able Seaperson ($3) for an extra bonus episode each month or as a 2nd Mate ($5) for two bonus episodes.
Joining as a patron also gets you (sli...
Episode 149 - Jackup Rig Kolskaya (СПБУ Кольская)
This week we have the story of the jackup rig Kolskaya, lost in the Sea of Okhotsk in December 2011.
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Sources:
"Буровая платформа Кольская - трагедия и надежда." www.kolskaya.com
"How do jackup rigs work?" https://www.rigzone.com/training/insight?insight_id=339&c_id=24
История крушения Кольской нефтяной платформы. Обо всем из жизни, 27 Dec 2021. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yzv_O3ZIU8Q
Kostanov, Yuri. “Платформа 'Кольская': кто и когда ответит за это трагедию?” Морские вести России (Maritime News of Russia). 12 Apr 2015. https://morvesti.ru/themes/1693/53317/
Nordlander, David J. “Origins of a Gulag Capital: Magadan and Stalinist Control in the Early 1930s.” Slavic Review, vol. 57, no. 4, Winter 1998, pp. 791 - 812.
Sandberg, Finn Harald. "Kolskaya - an outsider with a tragic fate." Valhall: Industrial Heritage. https://valhall.ind...
Episode 148 - HMS Prince of Wales
This week we are discussing a smashingly successful air attack conducted by the Empire of Japan in December 1941 (but not that one).
Jump to around 14:30 to get right to the action
gazafunds.com
Sources:
Bell, Christopher M. “The ‘Singapore Strategy’ and the Deterrence of Japan: Winston Churchill, the Admiralty and the Dispatch of Force Z.” The English Historical Review, vol. 116, no. 467, Jun 2001, pp. 604 - 634.
Garzke, William H., Robert O. Dulin, and Kevin V. Denlay. "Death of a Battleship: The Loss of HMS Prince of Wales, December 10, 1941 - A Marine Forensic...
Episode 147 - Empire of Troy
It's all regional rivalries and riverine wrecks this week as we discuss the sidewheel steamer Empire of Troy (1843 - 1853).
*jump to around [13:00] if you want to dive right in to the main part of the episode
gazafunds.com
Sources:
Allison, J. Thomas. Hudson River Steamboat Catastrophes: Contests & Collisions. The History Press, 2013.
Ellis, David Maldwyn. “Albany and Troy - Commercial Rivals.” New York History, vol. 24, no. 4, October 1943, pp. 484 - 511.
Ellis, David Maldwyn. “Rise of the Empire State, 1790 - 1820.” New York History, vol. 56, no. 1, Jan 1975, pp. 4 - 27.
Newspapers...
Episode 146 - SS Francisco Morazan
We kick off Season 5 by getting back to the Great Lakes for the story of the SS Francisco Morazan
*Taylor's new mic sounds great but we are still getting Tanner's audio situation resolved
gazafunds.com
Sources:
"Francisco Morazan." National Park Service, 2024. https://www.nps.gov/slbe/learn/historyculture/shipwreckmorazan.htm
"Personaje Histórico Francisco Morazan." Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes. https://www.cervantesvirtual.com/portales/honduras_francisco_morazan/
Warner, Gene L. "The Last Shipwreck." Manitou Islands Archives Newsletter, vol. 1 no. 4, Winter 2008. https://web.archive.org/web/20110727061018/http://w...
Episode 145.3 - "Bombs Away": SS Torrey Canyon, Pt. III
In this final episode of Season 4, we conclude the tale of the oil tanker SS Torrey Canyon.
gazafunds.com
Sources:
Green, Anna and Timothy Cooper. “Community and Exclusion: The Torrey Canyon Disaster of 1967.” The Journal of Social History, vol. 48, no. 4, 2015, pp. 892 - 909.
Gundlach, Erich. R. “Oil Tanker Disasters.” Environment, vol. 19, no. 9, December 1977, pp. 16 - 27.
Petrow, Richard. In the Wake of Torrey Canyon: The Great Oil Disaster - Its Causes, Consequences, and Lessons for the Future. David McKay Company, 1968.
Published in Britain as The Black T...Episode 145.2 - "That's The End Of Her": SS Torrey Canyon, Pt. II
In Part II we get into the wreck itself and some of the initial attempts at salvage and containment
gazafunds.com
Sources:
Green, Anna and Timothy Cooper. “Community and Exclusion: The Torrey Canyon Disaster of 1967.” The Journal of Social History, vol. 48, no. 4, 2015, pp. 892 - 909.
Hassler, Bjorn. “Accidental Versus Operational Oil Spills from Shipping in the Baltic Sea: Risk Governance and Management Strategies.” Ambio, vol. 40, 2011, pp. 170 - 178.
Petrow, Richard. In the Wake of Torrey Canyon: The Great Oil Disaster - Its Causes, Consequences, and Lessons for the Future. David McKay Company, 1...
Episode 145.1 - "The Ocean Will Take Care of the Oil": SS Torrey Canyon, Pt. I
This week we begin the story of the SS Torrey Canyon, the first major oil tanker spill in history. This part of the episode has us looking into the background of the vessel itself and her captain, Pastrengo Rugiati.
Register for Terror Camp here!!! (virtual, December 6 - 8); this will include keynote speakers including author Julian Sancton (Madhouse at the End of the Earth) and Jared Harris (Francis Crozier on The Terror among many many other roles)
Check out the Save Me! Podcast here
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Sources:
Green, Anna and Ti...
**unlocked** November 2022 Bonus - The Finest Hours
This is an old bonus episode that we are unlocking to hopefully poach some listens off of a certain very popular podcast about engineering disasters (with slides), which just released an episode about the true story of the Pendleton and the Fort Mercer
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Episode 144 - Breakerween 2024 ft. Kaylee Matuszak
Kaylee is back with us for Breakerween 2024 - this year we've got spooky tales of a haunted U-boat, fishing for Oldsmobiles, and a veritable fleet of ultrabuoyant American-made caskets.
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Episode 143 - SS Robert E. Lee
This week we have another U-boat episode, but this time we're down in the Gulf of Mexico to talk about the SS Robert E. Lee (booooo)
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Sources:
"The Panic of 1907 and the Maine Man Who Caused It." New England Historical Society. https://newenglandhistoricalsociety.com/the-panic-of-1907-and-the-maine-man-who-caused-it/
"Robert E. Lee." Uboat.net. https://uboat.net/allies/merchants/ship/1981.html
"Screening Level Risk Assessment Package: Robert E. Lee". Office of National Marine Sanctuaries.
Sidle, Jeffrey. "The search for the USS Honesdale." River Reporter, 27 Sept 2023. https://riverreporter.com...
Episode 142 - HMS Speedy ft. Kelly (Born Under Punchs)
This week we have wrangled a real live Canadian to discuss the October 1804 sinking of His Majesty's Armed Vessel Speedy and the impact of her loss on the province of Upper Canada.
**one of our upcoming bonus episodes will look at the search for the Speedy's wrecksite**
gazafunds.com
Sources:
Baillod, Brendon. “The Enduring Mystery of the HMS Speedy.” Shipwreck World, 3 December 2019. https://www.shipwreckworld.com/articles/the-enduring-mystery-of-the-hms-speedy-1.
Bojarzin, David. “HMS Speedy: Murder and a Mystery.” Friends of Presqu’ile Park.
Buchanan, Dan. The Wreck of HMS Spee...
Episode 141 - Pan Am Flight 6
They were rescued by the Coast Guard, it counts.
gazafunds.com
Sources:
Civil Aeronautics Board - Accident Investigation Report. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/33563
"The Ditching." Time, 29 Oct 1956. https://web.archive.org/web/20070428134921/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,867172,00.html
Stannard, Matthew B. "Danville pilot has historical predecessor." SFGate, 24 Jan 2009. https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/danville-pilot-has-historical-predecessor-3175278.php
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Episode 140 - Scioto
This week we have a steamboat tale to tell, specifically the story of the Ohio River steamer Scioto and her deadly collision with the John Lomas in 1882.
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Sources:
Bailey, Kenneth R. "The 'Scioto' Disaster." West Virginia HIstory, vol. 6, no. 1, Spring 2012, pp. 49 - 72.
"A Pall of Egyptian Gloom: The Sinking of the 'Scioto'". East Liverpool Historical Society, http://www.eastliverpoolhistoricalsociety.org/scioto1.htm
Various excerpts from 1881 - 1882 editions of the Wheeling Daily Intelligencer and Daily Register
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Episode 139 - Lady D (Baltimore Water Taxi)
This week we are in the city of Baltimore to discuss the 2004 sinking of the water taxi Lady D.
A big thanks to our listener Josh for suggesting this as a topic for the show!
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Sources:
"Baltimore Sea Cadets Cited For Rescue Efforts After Water Taxi Capsizes." Sea Power, July 2004.
"Capsizing of U.S. Small Passenger Vessel Lady D, Northwest Harbor, Baltimore, Maryland, March 6, 2004." National Transportation Safety Board.
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Nazi Salute for the Alamo Dead; or, Electric Uncle-Land (*Unlocked* July 2023 Bonus)
This bonus episode was recorded for July 2023. After a year marinating in the patrons-only vault, we think it's time you hear it on the main feed!
In this episode we discuss the publicity tours of the German cruiser Karlsruhe during the Interwar years, where the vessel found some cities quite welcoming and others decidedly less so
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Santiago Ramos, Simone. "Gone to Texas - Twice! The Visits of the German War Cruiser Karlsruhe." The East Texas Historical Journal, vol. 53, no. 1, Spring 2015, pp. 24 - 45.
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Episode 138 - USS Liscome Bay
Here is Episode 138 on the US Navy escort carrier Liscome Bay, sunk off of Makin Atoll by Japanese submarine I-175 during Operation Galvanic in November 1943.
gazafunds.com
Sources:
"Liscome Bay (CVE-56) - Naval History and Heritage Command."
"The Only Mission of USS Liscome Bay." 22 Feb 2019, https://pearlharbor.org/blog/the-only-mission-of-uss-liscome-bay/
Toll, Ian W. The Conquering Tide: War in the Pacific Islands, 1942 - 1944. W. W. Norton & Company, 2015.
"USS Liscome Bay (CVE-56)." NavSource Online. 5 March 2024.
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Episode 137.2 - SS Daniel J. Morrell, Part II
Story picks back up around 11:20 if you want to get right down to brittle steel tacks
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Sources:
Boyer, Dwight. Ships and Men of the Great Lakes. Freshwater Press, 1977.
Schumacher, Michael. Mighty Fitz: The Sinking of the Edmund Fitzgerald. University of Minnesota Press, 2005.
Schumacher, Michael. Torn In Two: The Sinking of the Daniel J. Morrell and One Man’s Survival on the Open Sea. University of Minnesota Press, 2016.
Thompson, Mark L. Graveyard of the Lakes. Wayne State University Press, 2000.
USCG Report on the sinking of th...
Episode 137.1 - SS Daniel J. Morrell, Part I
Part One (of two, we promise) on the sinking of the lake freighter Daniel J. Morrell in 1966.
**GFM Campaign**
Help us get Muhammad Al-Bardini and his family out of Gaza - Muhammad is a hospital volunteer at Al-Aqsa Martyrs Hospital and his GFM is over halfway to the goal. Anything you can give will help!
https://www.gofundme.com/f/help-muhammad-and-his-family-from-gaza?lang=en_US&utm_campaign=fp_sharesheet&utm_medium=customer&utm_source=copy_link
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Sources:
Boyer, Dwight. Ships and Men of the Great Lakes. F...
Episode 136 - SS Mataafa ft. Kaylee Matuszak
This week we finally take down a ship that has been referenced a few times here and there but never actually been the star of her own show - SS Mataafa (yes the one from the storm)
We're joined once again by Kaylee (@kayleefabulous) who just this week has released her second album, Leading Lady (buy it on Bandcamp!) - we've included 'Seek and Destroy' at the end of the episode
gazafunds.com
Sources:
Lemay, Konnie. "The Mataafa Blow: The Stormy Horror of 1905." Lake Superior Magazine, 1 Oct 2005. https://www.lakesuperior.com...
Episode 135 - Star of the West
This week we have another tale from the American Civil War - it's the sidewheel steamer Star of the West, focusing on her abortive attempt to relieve Fort Sumter in early 1861 and her service on the Confederate side at the Siege of Vicksburg in 1863
Gaza eSims - eSims are the only way for many in Gaza to communicate right now
Gaza Funds - Gaza Funds highlights individual GoFundMe campaigns for Palestinians in need of evacuation and/or medical care
Sources:
Larson, Erik. The Demon of Unrest: A Saga of Hubris, Heartbreak...
