Mind Matters

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By: Discovery Institute Center on Natural and Artificial Intelligence

On the Mind Matters podcast, Discovery Institute’s Walter Bradley Center for Natural and Artificial Intelligence considers the implications and misconceptions, the opportunities and limitations, and the applications and challenges presented by intelligent agents and their algorithms. Episode notes and archives available at mindmatters.ai/podcast.

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Donald Wunsch on the Limits of AI and Why It Matters
#389
Last Thursday at 3:32 AM

The hype around AI is reaching fever pitch these days. But never mind predictions of future AI potential. What can it actually do and not do today? On this episode of the Mind Matters News podcast, host Robert J. Marks welcomes Dr. Donald C. Wunsch II to the show for a long-form, wide-ranging conversation about what AI can actually do today—and the very real risks and responsibilities that come with it.

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Peace Through Strength: A U.S. Marine Shares His Story
#388
05/15/2026

Major General Bobby Hollingsworth had a distinguished 38-year career as a U.S. Marine fighter pilot and in leadership roles including commanding the Marine Corps Reserve Support Command and serving as vice commander of Marine forces in the Pacific. After retiring, he was appointed by President George W. Bush to lead the National Committee for Employer Support of the Guard and Reserve. In this full-length interview with host Robert J. Marks, Hollingsworth shares his life journey from dairy farm to fighter pilot, his perspective on the current state of U.S. military preparedness and leadership, and his insight into the...


Change Your Mind, Restructure Your Brain
#387
05/06/2026

Is it possible to personally alter the physical structure of your brain? On today's Mind Matters News, host Dr. Michael Egnor sits down with fellow neurosurgeon and author Dr. Lee Warren to discuss his book The Life-Changing Art of Self-Brain Surgery. Dr. Warren shares how his medical training and Christian faith collided after the tragic loss of his son. The experience helped him realize that the mind is more than just brain activity. Dr. Warren unpacks the main thrust of his book, describing self-brain surgery as the intentional practice of choosing different thoughts to physically change the brain’s structure an...


Mirror Neurons and the Philosophy of Mind
#386
04/18/2026

On this bingecast episode of Mind Matters News, host Dr. Robert J. Marks welcomes to the podcast Dr. Mihretu Guta to discuss one of his chapters in the volume Minding the Brain titled “Mirror Neurons, Consciousness, and the Bearer Question.” Dr. Guta discusses the concept of “mirror neurons” – a type of brain cell that fires when a person observes an action being performed, as well as when the person performs the same action themselves. The properties of these neurons suggest they may play a role in empathy and understanding others’ actions. Dr. Guta explores the implications of mirror neurons to the mind-brain...


Science, God, and Truth: Michael Shermer and Michael Egnor
#385
04/02/2026

On this episode of the Mind Matters News podcast, host and neurosurgeon Dr. Michael Egnor welcomes Michael Shermer, historian of science and founder of Skeptic magazine, to discuss Shermer’s new book Truth: What It Is, How to Find It, and Why It Still Matters. The conversation quickly evolves into a deep philosophical debate between Egnor and Shermer over whether truths about morality and the universe are created by humans or discovered as objective features of reality.

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Why Logic and Cognition Set Us Apart from Machines
#384
03/21/2026

Is consciousness the exclusive domain of human beings? Proponents of a view known as integrative information theory argue that AI will eventually achieve that same level of consciousness as systems build up and integrate more knowledge in the future. On this archive episode of Mind Matters News, guest host Pat Flynn welcomes Dr. Selmer Bringsjord to discuss some of the flaws in this theory as well as a possible alternative.

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Beyond Imitation: Testing for True Artificial General Intelligence
#383
03/04/2026

On this episode of the Mind Matters News podcast, join host Robert J. Marks as he sits down with Dr. Giorgios Mappouras for a deep dive into the philosophical and technical boundaries that define the gap between human minds and silicon machines. The pair look at why the classic Turing Test is no longer a sufficient measure of machine intelligence in the age of large language models. They explore Giorgio's proposal for a more rigorous framework that can better evaluate AI's abilities.

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Dr. Mihretu Guta on The Nature of Consciousness
#382
02/20/2026

On this archive "bingecast" episode of Mind Matters News, hosts Robert J. Marks and Angus Menuge welcome Dr. Mihretu Guta to discuss his contribution to the book Minding the Brain. The discussion covers a number of relevant topics, highlighting the profound and puzzling nature of consciousness and the importance of philosophical inquiry in grappling with this fundamental aspect of human experience.

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The Accidental Inventor: An Interview with Hal Philipp
#381
02/09/2026

On this episode of Mind Matters News, host Robert J. Marks is joined by Bradley Norris as they welcome Hal Philipp, the man behind the modern touchscreen and a prolific inventor with an impressive 98 U.S. patents. Hal shares his story and some of the lessons he’s learned over a career in invention.

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The Importance of Human Wisdom in AI Policy
#380
01/29/2026

On this episode of Mind Matters News, we’re wrapping up our conversation with Dr. Donald Wunsch on his experiences with AI in his recent article in the IEEE Computational Intelligence Magazine about artificial general intelligence. This is the sixth part of our conversation with Dr. Wunsch. If you’ve not listened to the earlier portions, you can do so at the Read More ›

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How to Navigate the Real and Immediate Risks of AI
#379
01/22/2026

While the risk of AI becoming smarter than humans and taking over the world is often discussed, it can also distract us from a more pressing matter: the real-world, right-now risks of AI. On this episode of Mind Matters News, host Robert J. Marks continues his six-part conversation with Dr. Donald Wunsch about his expert insight into AI. In this Read More ›

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Will AI Make the World Better or Worse?
#378
01/15/2026

If computers and AI took over the world, would we even notice? Today, host Robert J. Marks ponders this question as he continues his conversation with Dr. Donald Wunsch about his experiences with AI and his recent article in the IEEE Computational Intelligence Magazine on artificial general intelligence. In Part 4 of the discussion, Dr. Wunsch argues that computers have Read More ›

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Artificial Intelligence: Navigating the Hype, Limitations, and Ethics
#377
01/08/2026

On this episode of Mind Matters News, our conversation continues with Dr. Donald Wunsch on his experiences with AI and his recent article in the IEEE Computational Intelligence Magazine about artificial general intelligence. He first reminds us why Artificial General Intelligence is a problematic term and why AGI is very unlikely to arrive by 2030, as some people estimate. Wunsch Read More ›

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The Ins and Outs of Scaling Up AI: Dr. Donald Wunsch
#376
01/01/2026

On this episode of Mind Matters News, we’re continuing our conversation with Dr. Donald Wunsch on his experiences with AI and his recent article in the IEEE Computational Intelligence Magazine about artificial general intelligence. This is the second part of our conversation with Dr. Wunsch, so if you’ve not listened to the first part, we encourage you to do so. Read More ›

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Exploring the Immaterial Mind: Insights from Neuroscience and Thomistic Philosophy
#375
12/25/2025

Debate continues on the nature of the mind. Are our minds purely material and comprised only of our physical brains? Does idealism ring true with its views of physical experiences arising solely from a non-physical mind? Or is a dualist position with aspects of both an accurate view? Joining us today to talk about this and his contribution to the Read More ›

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Dr. Donald C. Wunsch: A Level-Headed Approach to AI’s Promise and Peril
#374
12/18/2025

In today’s episode, host Robert J. Marks begins a multi-episode conversation with Dr. Donald C. Wunsch II, endowed professor of electrical and computer engineering at Missouri University of Science and Technology and director of the Kummer Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems. Dr. Wunsch has spent decades working on the intersection of engineering AI and real world systems with Read More ›

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Robert J. Marks Remembers Tech Pioneer Walter Bradley
#373
12/11/2025

On today’s episode of Mind Matters News, Dr. Robert J. Marks joins Andrew McDiarmid, host of the ID The Future podcast, to share some of his personal anecdotes and professional insights about Dr. Walter Bradley, a scientist, humanitarian, and trailblazer in the world of intelligent design who passed away this year at the age of 81. As Marks explains, one way Read More ›

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Exploring Consciousness in Human and Artificial Intelligence
#372
12/04/2025

Today on Mind Matters News, hosts Robert J. Marks and Brian Krouse conclude their four-part conversation with Dr. Joseph Green on the limitations of modern neuroscience. Green is author of a chapter in the volume Minding the Brain called “On the Limitations of Cutting-Edge Neuroscience.” In today’s final segment, the discussion centers on comparing different models of consciousness, including panpsychism and Read More ›

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Doug Smith: A Critical Look at Apple’s Virtual Reality Headset
#371
11/27/2025

What happens when you let Big Tech control how you see the world? Apple recently released a new model of the Apple Vision Pro headset. Although it can provide immersive experiences, what are the potential downsides to furthering our connection to the digital realm? On this episode of Mind Matters News out of the vault, host Robert J. Marks welcomes Read More ›

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How Neuroscience and Philosophy Combine to Illuminate the Nature of Consciousness
#370
11/20/2025

Today on Mind Matters News, hosts Robert J. Marks and Brian Krouse continues their conversation with Dr. Joseph Green on how we can bridge the gap between cutting-edge neuroscience and philosophy of mind. Green is author of a chapter in the volume Minding the Brain called “On the Limitations of Cutting-Edge Neuroscience.” In today’s installment, the discussion first touches on the concept Read More ›

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Bridging the Gap Between Neuroscience and Philosophy of Mind
11/13/2025

On this episode of Mind Matters News, hosts Robert J. Marks and Brian Krouse continue their conversation with Dr. Joseph Green on the limitations of cutting-edge neuroscience. In this segment, the focus turns to the philosophical questions involved. As Dr. Green explains, neuroscience is limited in its ability to answer philosophical questions about the nature of the mind and its Read More ›

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How Humility and Curiosity Can Help Neuroscience Mature
#368
11/06/2025

Modern neuroscience has made some truly amazing advances in recent decades. But even though we can record, map, and even manipulate brain activity in ways that once seemed impossible, we still don’t really understand how the brain actually works. This gap in understanding has led to a kind of overconfidence, and sometimes even over-claiming by scientists. So how do we Read More ›

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Integrating Personal Identity Into Scientific Discovery and Reasoning
#367
10/30/2025

The scientific method has undoubtedly provided great insight into the impersonal mechanics of the world around us throughout human history. However, the scientific method itself is put into practice by very personal human beings. How should our understanding of ourselves and our personal identities interact with what we learn through science? Today, hosts Robert J. Marks and Angus Menuge speak Read More ›

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Recognizing the Divine in Others: More with Dr. Stephen Post
#366
10/23/2025

If many of us began to practice honoring others in our interactions with them, what change would we see in society? Is it possible to recognize the divine in everyone we meet? On this episode, host Dr. Michael Egnor concludes his conversation with Dr. Stephen Post, author of the new book Pure Unlimited Love: Science and the Seven Paths to Inner Read More ›

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Restoring Love and Community in a Divided World: A Conversation with Dr. Stephen Post
#365
10/16/2025

Most of us would agree that in recent years, our society has grown more acrimonious, reactive, and violent. What role does technology play in this trajectory? And what can be done about it? On this episode, host Dr. Michael Egnor speaks to Dr. Stephen Post, author of the new book Pure Unlimited Love: Science and the Seven Paths to Inner Peace. Read More ›

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Love, Lies, and Algorithms: The Dangers of Relational AI
#364
10/09/2025

Today, we hear from Discovery Institute Senior Fellow, podcaster, and writer Andrew McDiarmid as he chats with In The Market radio host Janet Parshall about the dangers associated with humans having relationships with AI. The discussion focuses on what McDiarmid calls “relational AI” – AI chatbots and assistants that aim to mimic human interactions and relationships. McDiarmid discusses how relational AI can Read More ›

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The Challenge of Definitively Proving Creativity in AI
#363
10/02/2025

On this episode, host Robert J. Marks concludes his conversation with Dr. Georgios Mappouras about his new and interesting paper “Turing Test 2.0: The General Intelligence Threshold.” Here, Mappouras contrasts his newly proposed Turing test with the Lovelace Test, proposed by Selmer Bringsjord of Rensselaer Polytechnic, which says that “Computers will be creative if and when their output is beyond Read More ›

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Dr. Eric Jones: The Case for a Relational View of Personhood
#362
09/25/2025

“No man is an island,” wrote poet John Donne in the 1600s, and these words still ring true today. However, much of our modern analysis and study of ourselves is turned entirely within. We focus on our needs, wants, and abilities rather than how we interact with others. How much does this individualistic view limit our ability to understand ourselves Read More ›

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A New Test to Measure Understanding in AI Models
#361
09/18/2025

On this episode of Mind Matters News, host Robert J. Marks continues his conversation with Dr. Georgios Mappouras about his new and interesting paper “Turing Test 2.0: The General Intelligence Threshold.” The idea is whether or not AI is intelligent, and the classical definitions of this come from the Turing Test. In Part 1 of this conversation, Dr. Mappouras explained Read More ›

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Turing Test 2.0: A Better Way to Test Machine Intelligence?
#360
09/11/2025

On this episode of Mind Matters News, host Robert J. Marks speaks with Dr. Georgios Mappouras about his proposal for a more rigorous test for measuring artificial intelligence. Mappouras argues that the original Turing Test is not enough to determine true intelligence in AI systems, as it focuses too much on simulating human-like conversation rather than demonstrating genuine understanding and problem-solving Read More ›

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Journey to Longevity: Insights From Inventor Hal Philipp
#359
09/04/2025

Today, hosts Robert J. Marks and Bradley Norris speak again with Hal Philipp, inventor of the modern touchscreen, about his entrepreneurial work in health and nutrition. After selling his technology company, Hal turned his focus to personal health, particularly nutrition. Here, he discusses his unique philosophy on wellness. Philipp touches on the dangers of processed foods, the importance of eating Read More ›

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Beyond Materialism: Bruce Gordon on the Compelling Case for Idealism
#358
08/28/2025

Over the years, multiple explanations for the nature of reality have been proposed. Physicalists will claim that the only things that exist are physical matter. However, others in the dualist camp maintain that there are non-physical aspects of reality, such as immaterial concepts like numbers, logic, or a person’s mental state. Finally, we have idealists, who hold that the fundamental Read More ›

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Hal Philipp on The Perils and Profits of Invention
#357
08/21/2025

On this episode, hosts Robert J. Marks and Bradley Norris conclude a three-part interview with Hal Philipp, inventor of the modern touchscreen. In the previous two segments, Philipp discusses the inventions that culminated in his revolutionary touchscreen as well as its aftermath. This week coves some of the lessons Hal has learned over his career, with some questions from a Read More ›

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Defending a Patent: Lessons from Hal Philipp’s Entrepreneurial Journey
#356
08/14/2025

Today Robert J. Marks and Bradley Norris continue their conversation with Hal Philipp, inventor of the modern touchscreen. In Part 1, we covered several of Hal’s earlier inventions, including the creation of the charge transfer sensor. Today, we’ll be hearing about how the sensor led to touchscreens as we know them today and what happened in their aftermath. Philipp also Read More ›

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The Accidental Inventor: An Interview with Hal Philipp
#355
08/07/2025

On this episode, hosts Robert J. Marks and Bradley Norris begin a conversation with Hal Philipp, the man behind the modern touchscreen and a prolific inventor with an impressive 98 U.S. patents. Hal shares his story and some of the lessons he’s learned over a career in invention. Hal’s journey began with a stint at the National Bureau of Standards Read More ›

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Exploring the Immaterial Aspects of Thought and Understanding
#354
07/31/2025

Today, Dr. Selmer Bringsjord joins guest host Pat Flynn to discuss a compelling argument for the immateriality of mathematical objects and the human person. It’s an argument Bringsjord develops in his chapter “Mathematical Objects Are Non-Physical, So We Are Too” in the book Minding the Brain. Building on the work of philosophers like James Ross and John Searle, the argument suggests Read More ›

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Dr. Michael Egnor Reads From His New Book The Immortal Mind
#353
07/24/2025

On today’s episode, Dr. Michael Egnor reads the Introduction to his new book, co-authored with Denyse O’Leary, The Immortal Mind: A Neurosurgeon’s Case for the Existence of the Soul, now available from Worthy Books. In this reading, Dr. Egnor shares his journey from being a medical student who believed science could explain everything, including how consciousness emerges from the brain and Read More ›

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Closing Arguments: J.P. Moreland’s Case for the Soul
#352
07/17/2025

Today, guest host Pat Flynn concludes his conversation with Dr. J.P. Moreland discussing arguments for the existence of the soul. Moreland argues that a strong, cummulative case can be made for the soul, and on this segment he reviews some of his top arguments. First, the existence of conscious states that have a “what it’s like” quality cannot be fully Read More ›

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Which Theory of Mind Best Explains Reality? More with Dr. J.P. Moreland
#351
07/10/2025

Is reality merely the sum of our primitive parts? Or is there something greater that informs and unifies us? On today’s episode, guest host Pat Flynn continues a conversation with Dr. J.P. Moreland to discuss the implications of competing metaphysical theories of the mind and which theory best accounts for the existence of the soul. In this segment, Moreland and Read More ›

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Foundations of the Soul: A Conversation with J.P. Moreland
#350
07/03/2025

Today, guest host Pat Flynn welcomes Dr. J.P. Moreland to the Mind Matters News podcast to discuss which of the main metaphysical theories can best account for the existence of the soul. Moreland argues that the soul is a real, non-physical entity that has consciousness and exists separately from the physical brain. He presents three empirically equivalent theories – strict Read More ›

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